Teicoplanin In Plasma Research Articles

Plasma and tonsillar tissue pharmacokinetics of teicoplanin following intramuscular administration to children

The population pharmacokinetics of teicoplanin in plasma and tonsillar tissue in children was determined following intramuscular administration. Thirty seven patients in all received either a single 5 mg/kg dose; 2 doses of 5 mg/kg, 12 h apart; 3 doses of 5 mg/kg, 12 h apart; or, a single 10 mg/kg dose. Limited data, comprising a maximum of 2 blood samples and 1 tonsillar sample were taken from each patient, with the maximum time being 48 h after the first dose of teicoplanin (in the 3×5 mg/kg dosing schedule). All plasma data were analyzed simultaneously by a maximum likelihood method employing a modified EM algorithm. A first-order absorption, one-compartment disposition model was fitted to the data. Mean parameter values (with lower and upper 95% confidence intervals) were: clearance/bioavailability, 0.024 L h −1 kg −1 (0.020–0.027); volume of distribution/bioavailability, 0.61 L kg −1 (0.54–0.70); absorption rate constant, 0.43 h −1 (0.31–0.61). A first-order transfer model for distribution of teicoplanin between plasma and tonsillar tissue was fitted to the tonsil data. The mean parameter values (95% confidence intervals) were: transfer rate constant between plasma and tonsils 0.49 h −1 (0.35–0.67); transfer rate constant between tonsils and plasma 0.73 h −1 (0.52–1.03). These rate constants correspond to a distribution half-life of 0.95 h and an equilibrium distribution concentration ratio between tonsillar tissue and plasma of 0.67. After normalising clearance and volume of distribution for body weight, there was no further influence of body weight on the pharmacokinetic parameters. Also, there was no effect of dose, and as two formulations were used, one for the 5 mg/kg dose and the other for the 10 mg/kg dose, no effect of formulation on the pharmacokinetics of teicoplanin after im (intramuscular) administration was found.

Rapid Determination of Teicoplanin in Human Plasma by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Abstract A rapid isocratic reversed-phase HPLC method for the determination of the major component of teicoplanin in plasma is described. By using solid phase extraction C18 and UV detection at 240 nm, this method is specific, and sufficiently sensitive. We found a good linearity over the range: 5 – 40 mg/1 of teicoplanin plasma concentrations. The coefficients of variation did not exceed 5.4% both within-day and between-day assays. With the small plasma sample required for the analysis (250 μl) and the good accuracy, this rapid procedure appears to be suitable for the therapeutic drug monitoring.

Determination of teicoplanin in plasma using microbore high-performance liquid chromatography and injection-generated gradients

A reversed-phase isocratic high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of total teicoplanin in plasma is reported. The method developed uses a bracketing injection technique in conjunction with large injection volumes on a 1 mm diameter column to form a limited injection-generated gradient. The chromatography yields adequate resolution among all the major components for individual quantitation and also allows quantitation of total teicoplanin in plasma using ultraviolet detection. Pretreatment is by solid-phase extraction which uses C8 Bond Elut cartridges and gives effective clean up from endogenous materials. The method offers a faster and simplified means to determine total teicoplanin in plasma than those previously reported, and has a detection limit of 50 ng/ml.

Pharmacokinetic model of teicoplanin in plasma, urine and blister fluid

Serum cystatin C (CysC) has recently been proposed as an alternative marker to serum creatinine (SCR) for estimating renal clearance. In the present study, we performed a population pharmacokinetic analysis of teicoplanin (TEIC), which is mainly eliminated through the kidneys, using CysC as a predictor for renal clearance.Thirty-six patients with MRSA infections who were administrated to the National Hospital Organization Beppu Medical Center between January 2012 and December 2013 were enrolled and gave 123 sets of blood TEIC concentration data. Renal clearance was estimated by the Hoek equation using CysC, by creatinine clearance predicted by the Cockcroft-Gault equation using SCR, or directly by CysC. One compartment open model with inter-individual variabilities for renal clearance and the volume of distribution as well as an additional residual error model was used to estimate population pharmacokinetic parameters for TEIC.The model with the best predictability was that with CysC as a predictor for renal clearance; it showed better significance than the models using estimated the glomerular filtration rate by the Hoek equation or CLcr. The final model was as follows: CL (L/hr) = 0.510 × (CysC/1.4)−0.68 × Total body weight/600.81, omega (CL) = 19.8% CV, VC (L) = 78.1, omega (V) = 42.7% CV.The present results show the usefulness of CysC to more accurately predict the pharmacokinetics of drugs mainly eliminated through the kidneys, such as TEIC. However, since the sample size in this study was relatively small, further investigations on renal clearance predictability using CysC are needed.

High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of teicoplanin in plasma: comparison with a microbiological assay

High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of teicoplanin in plasma: comparison with a microbiological assay