Tooth Extraction Research Articles

A Retrospective Evaluation of Patients Who Had Den¬tal Treatments Under General Anesthesia

Aim: This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the demographic and operational data of uncooperative healthy individuals and individuals with special needs who underwent dental treatments under sedation and general anesthesia. Methods: Data of 458 patients with special needs and 77 healthy noncooperative patients who were examined at XXX University Faculty of Dentistry between January 2022 and May 2023 and underwent dental treatments under general anesthesia were examined retrospectively. Demographic data of the patients, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) scores, mallampati (MP) scores, disability status, if they have systemic diseases, type of anesthesia (sedation/general anesthesia), anesthetic agents and analgesia used, operation duration and dental treatments, were evaluated. Results: The average age of 535 patients who received dental treatment was 13.5±9.9 years and 58.1% (n=311) of the patients were male and 41.9% (n=224) were female. According to ASA scores, the distribution was 15.7% ASA I, 77.6% ASA II, and 6.7% ASA III. While 14.4% of the patients were systemically healthy, 16.7% had epilepsy, 12.9% had cerebral palsy, 12.1% had mental retardation, and 7.1% had Down syndrome. Of 7.1% had various comorbidities such as cardiological problems. Sedation was applied to 7.3% (n=39) of the patients, and general anesthesia was applied to 92.7% (n=496). The average anesthesia duration was 74.5±34.6 minutes. While the average restorative treatment applied to the patients was calculated as 6.45±3.9, tooth extraction 5.25±4.3, fissure sealant 2.44±2.5, pulp treatment 1.62±0.9; Trauma splint was applied to 3 patients. Conclusions: While pre-anesthesia evaluation is very important in determining the risks in dental general anesthesia and sedation applications, the operating conditions and the general and oral health of the patients are effective in the dental treatment decision.

The Role of X-ray in Diagnoses of Probably Risks Before and After Tooth Removed

X-rays play an important role in diagnosing the various pathological conditions that the patient suffers from with a defect that has occurred in the teeth for any reason. In our current research the radiographic images referred to different types of cases represented by (the pain generated because of the severe punch in the place of the tooth when it is removed, complication pain in mandibular due to inflammation arising before the removal of the tooth, increased tooth pain due to its breaking into small pieces, and not completely removing it from its place, pain arising from a wound in the place of the removed tooth, and in the gums, pain that occurs because the patient does not follow the necessary preventive instructions, the emerging pain when the tooth next to the tooth to be removed (wrongly) was removed), as the numerous (25, 75, 28, 12, 82, 32) respectively, documented through the periodic time between (march\2020 and march\2021). There were no significant differences between these cases represented by dental and gum problems whose diagnosed, and there risks were detected by using X-rays before and after tooth extraction, and thus it is clear to determine the appropriate treatment to get rid of the seriousness of the condition that was photographed by X-rays.

Custom‐made surgical guide with mucoperiosteal flap elevation function for the removal of multiple impacted supernumerary teeth: A case report

AbstractBackgroundSurgical guides manufactured with computer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology are effective tools for oral surgeries.Case presentationA new type of surgical guide with mucoperiosteal flap elevation function was custom designed, printed, and applied for the safe and accurate removal of six impacted supernumerary teeth in a 12‐year‐old male patient. The surgical guides were designed with access holes corresponding to the positions of the impacted teeth and the elevation structures of the mucoperiosteal flap.ConclusionThe novel custom‐made surgical guide system introduced in the present report was successfully utilized for minimally invasive teeth removal procedures.

Wisdom Tooth Extraction Training for Dental Students: Step-by-Step or All-in-One?

Aims/Background For inexperienced dental students, impacted wisdom tooth extraction is a complex procedure involving a series of intricate steps. This study compared the effectiveness of step-by-step and all-in-one teaching methods for dental students learning impacted wisdom tooth extraction, by evaluating their practical abilities, understanding, and learning satisfaction. Methods Fifty dental students were randomly assigned to either a step-by-step teaching group (Group S) or an all-in-one teaching group (Group A) for impacted wisdom tooth extraction training. Their skills were assessed using the Assessment of Competency in Exodontia Skills (ACES) scoring system, and their theoretical knowledge was tested in a test. The students also completed a questionnaire to gauge their satisfaction regarding the teaching method received. Results The students in Group S demonstrated superior performance in clinical procedures compared to Group A, evidenced by the significantly higher ACES scores (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in theoretical exam scores between the two groups (p > 0.05). The students in Group S reported higher general satisfaction (p < 0.05), suggesting a preference for the step-by-step approach. The results also showed that satisfaction toward hands-on practice and teaching sessions significantly contributed to general satisfaction, while satisfaction with mastery of clinical skills did not. Conclusion The step-by-step teaching method was more effective in improving students' clinical skills and augmenting their satisfaction during impacted wisdom tooth extraction training. Our findings support the use of incremental learning approaches in dental education to enhance both clinical competencies and students' learning experiences.

Frequency of Dry Socket among Patients Undergoing Dental Extractions Presenting to A Teaching Hospital, Rawalpindi

A dry socket, a painful post-extraction complication, occurs when the blood clot at the extraction site is dislodged or fails to form. Understanding its prevalence is crucial for improving outcomes in dental practices. Objective: To determine the frequency of dry sockets in patients undergoing dental extraction. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out and two customized questionnaires were filled out over three months. One questionnaire was for patients undergoing extractions and the other was filled for patients returning with dry sockets. The study included Pakistani individuals with permanent dentition while excluding non-Pakistani individuals, children with deciduous/mixed dentition, and severely immunocompromised patients. Chi-square and Fischer's exact tests were used to compare the frequency of dry sockets between gender and age groups. p-value of less than or equal to 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of the 188 patients, 85 (45.2%) were males and 103 (54.8%) were females. Medically compromised patients comprised 24.5% of the study population. The overall incidence of dry sockets was 9.0%, with a slightly higher occurrence in females (9.7%), though the difference was not statistically significant (p-value=0.802). Smokers demonstrated a higher incidence of dry sockets (23.1%), which was also not statistically significant (p-value=0.099). Medically compromised patients experienced dry sockets at 17.4%, compared to 6.3% in healthy patients, suggesting a trend that did not reach statistical significance (p-value=0.363). Conclusions: It was concluded that identifying high-risk groups and promoting effective prevention and management techniques can reduce the incidence of dry sockets, leading to better outcomes and overall oral health

Appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing among patients treated for dental diseases in Mekelle city, Northern Ethiopia: a cross sectional study

BackgroundLocal operative treatments are generally preferred for most dental diseases, with antibiotics only recommended as an adjunct in specific cases. Misuse and overuse of antibiotics has been shown to significantly contribute to the development of resistant bacteria. However, the antibiotic prescribing practices of dentists in Ethiopia have not been thoroughly studied. This study aimed to assess the appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing for patients with dental diseases at dental clinics in Mekelle City, Northern Ethiopia.MethodsA cross sectional study was conducted in April and May 2020 among patients visiting dental clinics in Mekelle City. Data were collected through patient medical record reviews and dentist interviews. The appropriateness of antibiotic prescription was evaluated based on guidelines from the American Dental Association and the European Society of Endodontology. Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics, version 29. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed, and the results were presented as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. A p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsTwo hundred and thirty-one patients with dental diseases participated in the study. The mean age was 30.6 years with a standard deviation of 16.1. Most participants had dental pulp related disease. 89% of patients were prescribed antibiotics, with amoxicillin being the most common. Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing was identified in 175 (75.8%) of the study participants. The most common inappropriate prescribing was unnecessary antibiotic prescribing for dental conditions without systemic signs, assessed in 141 (80.1%) participants. Patients diagnosed with pulp related disease without systemic signs and those who had tooth extractions were significantly associated with inappropriate antibiotic prescription (p value < 0.001).ConclusionsThe study findings show that antibiotics are over-prescribed for dental conditions in this resource constrained setting, especially in patients who have had tooth extractions. Dentists need training on appropriate antibiotic use and antimicrobial stewardship interventions should be implemented in dental setting to reduce unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions and prevent antibiotic resistance development.

Hematological parameters in patients with internal carotid artery atherosclerotic stenosis during tooth extraction.

Hematological parameters in patients with internal carotid artery atherosclerotic stenosis during tooth extraction.

Cytokine imbalance as a factor of postoperative complications of third mandibular molar extraction

Background. Tooth extraction is considered the most frequently performed operation in surgical dentistry, which can often cause inflammatory complications. Modern research has come a long way in terms of developing methods for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of these complications, but the search for their early laboratory markers remains an urgent task to this day.The aim of the study. To determine prognostic laboratory criteria for the development of local inflammatory complications of third mandibular molar extraction.Methods. The study included 35 people who underwent extraction of a third mandibular (semi-impacted) molar. Before the surgery, immediately after the surgery, 1, 2, 3 and 4 days after the surgery, we assessed the objective status of the patients and collected oral fluid from the oral cavity, in which we determined the concentrations of cytokines using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. After the surgery, patients were divided into a control group and a group with complications with determination of their cytokine status.Results. Immediately after the surgery, patients from the group with complications, compared with patients from the control group, had significantly higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines – interleukin (IL) 1, IL-8 and comparable levels of tumor necrosis factor α and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10. Integral cytokine indices in both groups showed a sharp shift towards pro-inflammatory direction in patients with complications. This fact determines the protracted or progressive nature of the inflammatory process after the surgery.Conclusion. Determining the level of individual cytokines and cytokine indices in the oral fluid after the extraction of a third mandibular molar allows us to identify early markers for the chronicity of the inflammatory process, to predict its further course and to take appropriate measures to prevent the development of expected complications.

Does alveolar ridge preservation reduce the need for sinus floor elevation: A comparative study to spontaneous healing.

In cases of atrophy in the maxillary posterior region, characterized by reduced vertical bone volume, implant placement becomes challenging. Augmentation procedures like sinus lifts are often needed to address insufficient bone volume. This study aims to explore if alveolar ridge preservation, using a bovine bone substitute and a porcine collagen membrane, significantly decreases the need for sinus lifts compared to natural wound healing after tooth extraction. In this comparative clinical study, 40 patients requiring a total of 53 extractions were assigned to one of the following groups: a test group with bovine bone substitute material (Straumann® XenoFlex) and a porcine collagen membrane (Jason® membrane), or a control group with spontaneous socket healing. After 6 months, digital volume tomography was performed for implant planning. For seven patients from the control group (n = 22 extracted sites) sinus lift augmentations were performed while only four sinus lift procedures were performed in the test group (n = 31 extracted sites), indicating a higher need for sinus augmentation procedures in the control group, however not statistically different on a p value of 0.05 (p = 0.168). In the control group, the mean value of the radiographically measured bone height (mesial and distal) was 11.13 ± 2.12 mm preoperatively before tooth extraction, while it was 11.3 ± 2.17 mm postoperatively after implant placement. In contrast, the mean value in the test group was 11.78 ± 3.09 mm preoperatively and 11.92 ± 2.79 mm postoperatively. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference between the two groups (odds ratio 0.32; 95% CI: 0.08, 1.26; p = 0.951). The implant survival rate in the control group was 100%, compared to 96.77% in the test group. Within the limits of this study, the use of bovine bone substitute and a porcine resorbable membrane after tooth extraction in the posterior maxilla seems to reduce the need for sinus augmentation in comparison to spontaneous healing although the difference was not statistically significant. Additionally, the Alveolar Ridge Preservation in the test group made external sinus floor elevation unnecessary compared to the control group. The change in radiographically measured bone height pre- and postoperatively showed no significant difference between the two groups.

Evaluation of Bleeding Time after Dental Extractions during Uninterrupted Single or Dual Antiplatelet Treatment - A Comparative Study

Abstract Introduction: This study aimed to assess the duration of bleeding after dental extractions amongst subjects with uninterrupted single antiplatelet therapy and dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) and to compare the bleeding time after dental extractions amongst those subjects undergoing various antiplatelet therapies. Materials and Methods: Post-extraction bleeding time was categorised as within 30 min, within 1 h and within 24 h. The bleeding time in different categories was compared and analysed using Chi-square. The antiplatelet agents assessed were aspirin, clopidogrel, ticagrelor and a combination of aspirin with clopidogrel and ticagrelor. Results: Bleeding time was significantly higher in patients under DAPT, compared to those under single antiplatelet therapy, and with an increase in the number of teeth extracted, there was an increase in bleeding time. All cases with prolonged bleeding could be managed with local haemostatic measures. Discussion: Simple extraction can be undertaken safely in patients under single antiplatelet therapy, considering that local haemostatic measures are available for use in the setup to control bleeding if necessary. Patients under DAPT are better managed if the therapy is altered, as there was a definite increase in bleeding time in patients under DAPT after extraction.

Alveolar bone healing patterns in chronic kidney failure and kidney transplant recipients: A pixel intensity and fractal analyses.

To assess and compare radiographically the alveolar bone after tooth extractions in individuals with chronic kidney failure undergoing hemodialysis (CKFh), those submitted to kidney transplantation (KT), and those without kidney disease (CG) by using fractal analysis (FA) and pixel intensity (PI). Periapical radiographs of 48 CKFh individuals (87 extracted teeth), 12 KT individuals (26 extracted teeth and 29 control individuals [76 extracted teeth] were analyzed at 7 and 60 days after tooth extraction. Fractal dimension (FD) and PI were assessed to evaluate the alveolar trabecular bone structural complexity and mineral content. The difference in FD values between the 7th and 60th postoperative days in KT individuals (0.03±0.08) was significantly lower compared to those of CKFh individuals (0.09±0.10) and controls (0.15±0.06). As for the difference in PI values, KT (4.55±10.24) and CKFh groups (9.88±15.90) showed significantly lower values compared to those of the control group (17.93±11.86) in the same period. These results indicate a lower gain in the trabecular bone complexity and bone density in the alveolus of KT individuals compared to the other groups. Overall mineral content and thickness of the bone in the plane of the x-ray beam were lower in KT and CKFh individuals compared to controls, reflecting the need for careful consideration in recommending rehabilitation with dental implants for these patients. Particular attention should be given to the potential challenges in oral rehabilitation of KT patients.

Are prophylactic antibiotics effective in preventing osteoradionecrosis after high-risk dental extractions?

A systematic review and meta-analysis. To assess and compare the effectiveness of different adjunctive treatments during tooth extraction in post-radiotherapy head and neck patients for preventing osteoradionecrosis (ORN). Two independent reviewers conducted an electronic search through PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Libraries, Scopus and Web of Science databases using relevant search terms. Additionally, references of relevant articles were manually searched for eligible studies. Included were full-length articles (randomized controlled trials (RCTs), clinical trials, or observational studies) published in English, reporting on ORN occurrence after dental extraction, with or without adjunctive interventions, in patients who had previous radiotherapy. Data extraction was similarly performed by two independent researchers. For quality assessment, bias in observational studies was evaluated using the ROBINS-I tool, while the RoB 2 tool was used for RCTs. One-arm meta-analyses estimated pooled ORN prevalence rates for different adjunctive treatments based on patient-level outcomes. For studies with direct comparisons between two modalities, pooled odds ratios for ORN were calculated using pairwise meta-analyses. This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered in the PROSPERO database. A total of 29 studies with 1520 patients were included, comprising 4 RCTs, 4 prospective studies, and 21 retrospective observational studies. Five adjunctive treatment modalities around the time of dental extractions were identified: hyperbaric oxygen (HBO), pentoxifylline-tocopherol (PENTO), antibiotics (ABX), platelet-rich fibrin and photobiomodulation. Of the 25 observational studies included, 11 had a serious risk of bias, while all RCTs but 1 had low risk of bias. Egger's test showed no publication bias for the HBO and ABX groups (p > 0.05). Antibiotics were used in 17 studies, with significant variations in preoperative and postoperative protocols. Most studies utilized penicillin or clindamycin. The pooled prevalence of ORN was significantly lower in the HBO (4.6%), PENTO (3.4%), and ABX (3.8%) groups compared to the Control (17.6%), as indicated by the non-overlapping 95% CIs between the Control and any of the intervention groups. In studies with direct comparisons, HBO exhibited lower odds of developing ORN than the Control (odds ratio [OR] = 0.27) and ABX (OR = 0.57), although these differences were not statistically significant. HBO, PENTO, and ABX show similar reduction in ORN rates compared to no intervention. Given its cost-effectiveness and accessibility, ABX may be the most practical prophylactic modality at present.

Effect of Preemptive Analgesia on Pain Perception in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Efforts have been made to minimize pain, prevent the development of needle fear, and promote positive experiences for children. The present study is designed to evaluate the effect of premedication with Ibugesic Plus before the administration of local anesthesia and extraction in children. The aim of the study is to assess the efficacy of preemptive analgesia on pain perception during local anesthesia administration and extraction in pediatric patients. A total of 104 patients aged 7-10 years were selected who needed primary molar extraction. Group -Ibugesic Plus syrup was given 30 minutes prior to extraction. Group II-Placebo solution (B-Folcin syrup) was given 30 minutes prior to extraction. Pain level, pulse rate, and SpO2 were assessed using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFS) and pulse oximeter after injection, after extraction, and postoperatively. The highest scores of pain were recorded after the time of injection and extraction. The patients who received preemptive analgesics (group I) reported significantly less pain than the placebo group (group II) at the time immediately after injection, after extraction, and 2 hours after extraction. The present study showed that preemptive analgesic administration may be considered a routine and rational pain management strategy in primary tooth extraction procedures in children. Preemptive analgesia can be given to patients prior to dental procedures to reduce postoperative pain. Virda M, Panda A, Kataria K. Effect of Preemptive Analgesia on Pain Perception in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(8):913-917.

INTRAOSSEOUS EPIDERMOID CYST OF JAW – A case report

Abstract Epidermoid cysts are benign, rare which can occur all throughout the body of an individual. Their occurrence in the oral cavity is rare and is difficult to distinguish from other intraoral cysts. Method A 27-year-old female patient presented with a swelling to the oral and maxillofacial surgery department for the removal of the cystic lesion. Results Based on the clinical and radiographic features the provisional diagnosis was given as odontogenic keratocyst. But the histopathological examination revealed a stratified squamous cystic epithelium with abundant keratin suggestive of an epidermoid cyst. Conclusion This case report presents an uncommon finding in the oral cavity with a history of teeth extraction. Based on these findings even though epidermoid cyst is rare it should be included in the differential diagnosis of radiolucent lesions of the jaws.

Predicting osteoradionecrosis risk in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy: The value of the CARWL index.

Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is a severe complication that can arise in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma due to the aggressive nature of chemoradiotherapy treatment. The purpose of our study was to assess the utility of the recently introduced CARWL index, which integrates the C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR) and significant weight loss (SWL), in predicting the risk of ORN in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal cancer (LA-NPC) undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis on 304 patients with LA-NPC treated with CCRT. Patients were categorized into CARWL index groups based on CAR (cut-off: 3.0) and SWL (weight loss > 5% over the past six months): CARWL-0 (CAR < 3.0, SWL ≤ 5%), CARWL-1 (CAR < 3.0 with SWL > 5% or CAR ≥ 3.0 with SWL ≤ 5%), and CARWL-2 (CAR ≥ 3.0 and SWL > 5%). The primary endpoint was the incidence of ORN in each CARWL index group. At a median follow-up of 67.2 months, 28 patients (9.2%) developed ORN. The incidence of ORN was 2.1%, 9.4%, and 16.3% in the CARWL-0, CARWL-1, and CARWL-2 groups, respectively (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified smoking status (HR: 2.58, P = 0.034), N-stage (HR: 1.96, P = 0.008), T-stage (HR: 1.84, P = 0.017), pre-CCRT tooth extraction status (HR: 5.81, P < 0.001), post-CCRT tooth extraction status (HR: 6.82, P < 0.001), mandibular V55.8 Gy (HR: 6.12, P < 0.001), and CARWL score (HR: 5.67, P = 0.002) as significant predictors of ORN. The CARWL index is a reliable predictive tool for evaluating the risk of ORN in LA-NPC patients undergoing CCRT. If further validated, its use in clinical settings could aid in the early identification of high-risk patients and enable the implementation of personalized preventive strategies.

The Use of Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) in the Management of Dry Socket: A Systematic Review.

Dry socket or alveolar osteitis is a common postoperative complication following tooth extraction, characterized by severe pain due to the disintegration of the blood clot within the socket. Various factors contribute to its development, such as traumatic extraction, patient age and sex, smoking, and anesthetic use. To mitigate this condition, socket preservation techniques, including the use of bone substitute materials, have been employed. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has emerged as a promising biomaterial, enhancing healing and reducing the incidence of dry socket. Materials and Methods: This systematic review, adhering to the PRISMA guidelines and registered with PROSPERO (ID: CRD 578018), examines the efficacy of PRF in managing dry socket by analyzing studies from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science published between January 2013 and May 2024. Boolean keywords have been used in the search strategy: ("Treatment") AND ("Dry Socket") AND ("Platelet Rich Fibrin" OR "PRF"). A total of 738 publications were found using the electronic database search. After the screening phase, 13 records were chosen for qualitative analysis. The results from multiple clinical trials and comparative studies indicate that PRF significantly reduces postoperative pain, expedites healing, and lowers the incidence of Alveolar Osteitis. Despite promising results, further large-scale, randomized studies are needed to validate PRF as a standard treatment for dry socket.

Evaluation of DIAGNOdent pen for initial occlusal caries diagnosis in permanent teeth

BackgroundTo verify the validity of diagnosing initial caries on occlusal surface of permanent posterior teeth by laser fluorescence instrument DIAGNOdent pen.MethodsPatients from School of Stomatology in Wuhan University were selected and their posterior teeth were examined using DIAGNOdent pen and the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II) by an experienced dentist. After teeth extraction, histological criteria were used to determine the severity of the lesions. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, the area under the curve (AUC), and correlation of DIAGNOdent pen and ICDAS II were analyzed compared with histological criteria. Examiners’ agreement was measured.ResultsThe sensitivity range was 0.440-1 while that of specificity was 0.750–0.994. The accuracy and AUC were above 80% and 0.7 respectively. Consistency of examiners’ kappa values of ICDAS II, DIAGNOdent pen, and histological criteria were ranged from 0.629 to 0.840.ConclusionsICDAS II and DIAGNOdent pen can be effectively used in tandem or independently for the assessment of initial caries.

Sub-Sigmoid Osteotomy for Transoral Removal of Ectopic Tooth From Mandibular Ramus and Sigmoid Region

Sub-Sigmoid Osteotomy for Transoral Removal of Ectopic Tooth From Mandibular Ramus and Sigmoid Region

Estimating the Extraction Time of an Upper Third Molar: Proposal and Validation of Results.

Background: Numerous studies in the literature have aimed to evaluate the difficulty level of removing third molars. However, most of these studies have focused on the lower third molars, which can lead to complications. There is a lack of a method to determine the complexity of upper third molar extraction. Therefore, this study's objective was to develop an equation using multiple linear regression to estimate the extraction time of an upper third molar based on its complexity. Methods: This study involved patients enrolled in the Master of Oral Surgery program at the University of Seville. To determine their relationship with surgical time, the researchers analyzed various factors, such as depth, root morphology, and the need for odontosection. They then validated their findings by studying patients treated at Palmaplanas Hospital in Mallorca. Results: The cohort analysis from the University of Seville revealed significant associations between surgical time and the identified factors. A regression equation design was performed to predict the total duration of surgical intervention for wisdom teeth extraction. This equation incorporates several independent variables, represented by Xi, together with a constant term, C, and the corresponding coefficients, Bi, which weight the impact of each variable on the intervention time. The results are as follows: -0.312 (spatial relationship), 0.651 (depth), -0.443 (bone and mucosa integrity), 0.214 (roots), -0.745 (ostectomy), 0.713 (odontosection), and -0.426 (suture). Upon application of the statistical methodology to the Palmaplanas Hospital cohort, a regression coefficient of 0.770 was determined. This indicates a strong correlation between the input data and the estimated surgical time. Conclusions: In conclusion, the proposed formula demonstrates notable validity in predicting the surgical time required to extract upper third molars.

EXODONTIA DE DENTES IMPACTADOS – RELATO DE CASO

Dental impaction is characterized as a situation in which a tooth cannot completely emerge in its normal functional position, and may encounter another structure. Extracting an unerupted and impacted tooth is essential to avoid complications related to this type of pathology. Although tooth extraction surgeries are common in the professional’s daily life, the extraction of an element that has not reached its functional position can be complicated; especially if the dentist is not properly qualified or does not have mastery of the techniques necessary for this procedure. Cases of impaction of the lower second molar occur due to the reduction of space between the distal of the lower first molar and the anterior edge of the ascending ramus of the mandible and may or may not present painful symptoms. Exodontia is a predilection to be considered. Therefore, the purpose of this report is to report a clinical case of extraction of an impacted second molar and its justification is to emphasize the importance of the pre- operative period, which must adequately include anamnesis and complementary exams, and present transoperative techniques that were the difference for the case. Keywords: Impacted tooth. Exodontia. Surgical complications.