Teenage Mothers Research Articles

How’s Parenting Stress can Decrease Marital Satisfaction? Study on Teen Mom

The challenges of the transition from childhood to adolescence raise various upheavals within the individual. Especially for teenagers who married young and pregnant. Having kids when individuals are teenagers can trigger stress due to parenting, especially for girls who become mothers for the first time, parenting stress felt by teen moms can decrease marital satisfaction, because there is a incompatibility between expectations of marriage with the existing reality. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of parenting stress on marital satisfaction. This study design for quantitative approach. A total of 90 teen mom were enrolled in this study. They were asked to finish several questionnaires, including the Parental Stress Scale and the ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale. The obtained data were analysed using simple regression test, to determine whether or not influence of parenting stress (PS) on marital satisfaction (MS). Results revealed that parenting stress influence negative effect on marital satisfaction. Furthermore, the high parenting stress felt by teen moms after the presence of children cause lower marital satisfaction.

Pregnancy Outcomes Among Teenagers at a National Referral Hospital in Uganda.

Introduction: Teenage pregnancy is a global public health challenge, and it is a major contributor to the high maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality rates reported in sub-Saharan Africa and Uganda. However, there is a paucity of data regarding pregnancy outcomes and their associated factors among teenagers in Uganda. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with pregnancy outcomes among teenagers who delivered at a National Referral Hospital in Kampala, Uganda. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among teenage mothers who delivered at a National Referral Hospital in Kampala, Uganda. Consecutive participant recruitment was done for those who fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The outcomes of interest included adverse maternal outcome with obstructed labor being used as a proxy and adverse fetal outcomes with birth asphyxia used as a proxy. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between independent and dependent variables with a 5% level of statistical significance (α = 0.05). Results: Teenage pregnancy was associated with adverse maternal outcomes which included obstructed labor (18%) and preterm labor (5.5%). There were no maternal deaths during the study period. Adverse fetal outcomes observed in this study population included low birth weight (83%), birth asphyxia (18%), and stillbirth (4%). The only factor associated with adverse maternal outcome was gestational age where teenage mothers had 4 times likelihood of delivering before 37 weeks. Relatedly, teenage mothers had an 81% chance of having a preterm birth. Conclusion: Teenage pregnancy was generally not associated with adverse maternal or fetal outcomes except for preterm birth. The reasons for adverse pregnancy outcomes may reflect a combination of gynecological and biological immaturity, as well as adverse socioeconomic pressures.

Level of Knowledge on Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights Among the Teenage Mothers and Their Parents in Rwanda: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study.

Parents are the primary caregivers and influential figures in adolescents' lives. They play a crucial role in shaping their children's attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors regarding sexual reproductive health. A vast difference in knowledge between adolescents and their parents indicates failure in knowledge translation and is associated with sexual and reproductive consequences, such as teenage pregnancies. In this cross-sectional study between December 2020 and December 2021, 834 teenage mothers and their parents/guardians (n = 861) were enrolled from all five provinces of Rwanda. Knowledge of sexual reproductive health (SRH) rights was assessed, and the differences between the understanding of parents and their children were analyzed using Chi-square tests. There were statistically significant differences forall the assessed aspects of SRH knowledge rights between parents and their teenagers (ie, on the age of consent,safe abortion,right to education for teenage mothers, understanding of financial responsibilities, and perceptions of legal consequences). There is a significant knowledge difference between the two generations regarding their understanding of SRH rights. It is recommended that future programming should devise innovative ways that bring together parents and their children to discuss sexual reproductive health rights, which will result in empowered children and teenagers in Rwanda. Also, awareness programs are needed to improve the knowledge gaps regarding SRH in the public by policymakers, NGOs, and educators.

Socioeconomic factors increase the risk of teenage pregnancy: spatial and temporal analysis in a Brazilian municipality.

To evaluate the distribution of the proportion of teenage mothers (PTM) in time and space and its relationship with socioeconomic indicators and social vulnerability. An ecological study was carried out with teenage mothers living in 322 census tracts in Foz do Iguaçu (state of Paraná, Brazil) between 2013 and 2019. Spatial clusters of teenage mothers were identified by spatial scanning and grouped into strata with different prevalence. The association between these strata and the individual social vulnerability of the mothers was evaluated using the Pearson's Chi-square test. Linear regression models were adjusted to evaluate the association between PTM and socioeconomic factors by census tract and temporal trend in PTM in different strata. We identified five high prevalence clusters in peripheral regions and six with low prevalence in the central region of the municipality. Proportionally, there were more teenage mothers with a worse vulnerability index in the high prevalence stratum than in the low prevalence stratum. Places with worse socioeconomic conditions present higher PTM, a profile that did not change over time. For the increase of one unit in the Brazilian Deprivation Index and proportion of women responsible for the household, the PTM increased, respectively, by 3.8 (95%CI 3.1-4.4) and 0.086% (95%CI 0.03-0.14). There was a reduction in the global PTM in part of the period, which occurred later in the higher prevalence strata, but the proportions were stable again in the last years of study. Teenage pregnancy is concentrated in regions with worse socioeconomic conditions and greater maternal vulnerability and its behavior over time occurred differently in these areas.

Perceived needs and recommendations on adolescent pregnancy-related services in the Philippines.

Adolescent pregnancy remains to be a significant social and public health problem in the Philippines, despite the widespread implementation of a comprehensive sexual and reproductive health (SRH) law. The current study explored the perceptions on teenage pregnancy and adolescent-oriented services across different views of stakeholders. Twelve focus group discussions involving sets of teenage boys and girls, teenage mothers, and parents of the teenage mothers were conducted. Data analysis using a descriptive qualitative approach adopting both inductive and deductive thematic analysis was implemented on the gathered data. Four main themes emerged from the focus groups. First, discussants expressed community perceptions, emphasizing factors perceived to contribute to the occurrence of teenage pregnancy cases. Second, the adolescents expressed the coping responses they used or have observed in others to cope with teenage pregnancy, while the teenage mothers and their parents highlighted their immediate feelings toward the event. Last, the participants verbalized their perceptions of community services including criticisms and suggestions to improve the delivery of these services. The findings underscore the importance of stratifying and customizing the delivery of adolescent services as well as the possibility of expanding the content and coverage of community actions. This study also suggests that there is a need to create local ordinances that are culturally specific based on the Republic Act 10354 or the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012. These ordinances must be coupled with other programs on reproductive health including training of personnel, ensuring the availability of resources, and reframing service delivery to the needs of adolescents. Further research is needed to explore variability of perceptions across contexts and cultures and the need for more appropriate service delivery models, thus contributing to a better understanding of teenage pregnancy and more tangible impact toward its reduction.

Association between teenage mothers and acute infections in children under five in Peru from 2015-2019

Resumen Objetivos: evaluar la asociación entre la edad materna y la presencia de infecciones respiratorias agudas (IRAs) y enfermedades diarreicas agudas (EDAs) en niños peruanos menores de cinco años. Métodos: análisis secundario de la base de datos de la “Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar” de 2015 y 2019. Se analizaron datos de niños menores de cinco años y sus madres en edad reproductiva que viven en el mismo hogar. Se utilizaron modelos de regresión de Poisson para calcular razones de prevalencia ajustadas (RPa) con sus intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC95%) para evaluar la asociación entre el grupo de edad de las madres y la presencia de IRAs y EDAs en sus hijos. Resultados: se analizaron 84,671 datos madre/hijo. En el modelo de regresión ajustado, ser madre joven (RPa= 1,18; IC95%= 1,11-1,25; p<0,001) o adolescente (RPa= 1,11; IC95%= 1,01-1,22; p=0,045) se asoció con una mayor prevalencia de IRAs en sus hijos. Además, ser madre joven (RPa= 1,18; IC95%= 1,11-1,25; p<0,001) o adolescente RPa= 1,22; IC95%= 1,10-1,35; p<0,001 también se asoció con una mayor prevalencia de EDAs en sus hijos. Conclusiones: la edad de las madres se asoció con la prevalencia de IRAs y EDAs en niños peruanos menores de cinco años, siendo las madres adolescentes y jóvenes las que presentaron mayor probabilidad de IRAs y EDAs.

Causes of Child Marriage and its Effects on Maternal Health of Teenage Mothers in Chereponi District, Ghana

The purpose of the study was to investigate child marriage and its effects on maternal health of teenage mothers in the Chereponi District in the North East Region of Ghana. The study used a quantitative approach underpinned by descriptive survey design. A sample size of 150 was selected using purposive sampling technique. Child marriage questionnaire, psychological general well-being and a demographic questionnaire were used to collect data. Data was analysed using frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation using SPSS version 25.0. Findings revealed that child marriage is caused by poverty and economic demands, the protection of girls’ sexuality as a means of strengthening family relations, socio-cultural and religious factors, and preventing premarital sex. The study also found that child marriage has profound impact on the maternal health of teenage mothers. Again, girls should be oriented to take their studies seriously and report any early signs of child marriage to Domestic Violence and Victims Support Unit and Social welfare for prompt action. The study recommended that there should stringed measures where perpetrators of child marriage will be sanctioned by law. The study further recommended that girls should be given enough psychoeducation on the effects of child marriage. Finally, it was again recommended that counsellors and psychologists should provide counselling to girls to be self-assertive and provide economic empowerment strategies to make girls less dependent and vulnerable.

Survival Analysis of Recovery of Weight Among Low Birth Weight Infants in Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia

Background: Globally, it has been known that around 15.5% of infants were below the normal level of weight at their birth and 95% of these infants lived in developing countries. Objectives: The study aimed to model time to normal weight from low weight among low weight infants delivered at Jimma University Medical Center Methods: The retrospective data from all the admitted follow up of low birth weight (LBW) infants, from September 1,2020 to March 30,2022 in JUMC is used in this study. By assessing the overall goodness of fitted models, log-logistic accelerated failure time model which can fit the data well and had smallest akaike information criterion value were selected as the appropriate fit model. Results: Out of 325 LBW infants 286 (88%) were recovered from LBW and 39 (12%) censored. The most important predictors of time to normal weight at 0.05 level of significance were place of residence [φ =0.877 (95% CI: 0.808-0.952)], multiple birth [φ =1.459 (95% CI: 1.316-1.617)],gender [φ =0.870 (95% CI: 0.809-0.936)], history of abortion [φ =1.296 (95% CI: 1.165-1.441)],preterm birth [φ =1.172 (95% CI: 1.070-1.285)], maternal age 20-34 [φ =0.813 (95% CI: 0.727-0.909)] and maternal age >34 [φ =0.798 (95% CI: 0.694-0.917)], ANC follow up [φ =0.816 (95%CI: 0.755-0.883)] and weight at birth 1000-1500 gm [φ =0.773 (95% CI: 0.658-0.910)] and weight at birth 1500-2500 gm [φ =0.700 (95% CI: 0.602-0.815)]. Conclusion: Log-logistic AFT model fits the data well in analyzing time to normal weight among LBW infants data. The duration of time to normal weight of LBW infants significantly affected by the infants’ place of residence, birth status, history of abortion of mothers, gender, preterm, maternal age, number of ANC visits and weight at birth. Therefore, special emphasis should be given for infants who are female, rural place of residence, multiple birth, prematurely birth, infants born from teenage mothers, mother have an abortion, mother have not regular ANC follow up and infants who had <1000 gm birth weight to improve the duration of LBW. The estimated median duration of LBW was 10 days.

Childcare Voucher: A Qualitative/Pilot Study, Exploring the Experiences of Expectant and Parenting Teenage Mothers in Washington, District of Columbia (DC)

Objective: The aim of this study is to use human-centered design and journey mapping to explore the experience of Expectant and Parenting Teens in the District of Columbia (DC) in accessing childcare while attending school and/or seeking employment. Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 young mothers who had experienced teenage pregnancy and 10 providers assisting young parents in accessing support services, including childcare. Journey map interview guide (Table 1) was used for this interview. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim to ensure that the participants’ statements were maintained in the transcripts. A thematic analysis was used to examine data and themes arising from the interviews. Open and axial coding was used to code the interview transcripts and organize them into categories and themes following an inductive and deductive approach. Results: The design team conducted 30 deep-dive interviews with 20 young parents (ages 18 - 25) and 10 providers assisting young parents in accessing support services, including childcare. The young parents interviewed were majority Black (66%) and Hispanic (19%), and largely live in wards 7 (33%) and 8 (28%). Their children’s average age was 4 years (range 2 months -8 years). Discussion: Three main themes and categories were identified as (1) Motivation to finish high school and find employment, (2) Challenges of accessing childcare voucher and quality childcare (3) Support staff (school councilors) experience.

Influential Elements Impacting Adolescent Pregnancy in Teen Mothers Seeking Antenatal Care at Fort Portal Regional Referral Hospital, Kabarole District

In sub-Saharan Africa, approximately 14 million pregnancies arise annually, with almost half occurring among women aged 15–19. Uganda saw 25% of young women in that age bracket beginning childbearing in 2015. The primary aim of the study was to identify factors influencing teenage pregnancy among adolescent mothers receiving antenatal care at Fort Portal Regional Referral Hospital in Kabarole district. Using a cross-sectional descriptive design, 288 teenage girls were randomly selected for participation. The majority (51.4%) fell within the 17-19 age range, 72.9% were unmarried, 54.5% had attained a Secondary education level, and most (60.4%) lived in rural areas. The teenage pregnancy rate stood at 25.7%. Individual factors significantly linked to teenage pregnancy included inadequate contraceptive use and alcohol misuse. Household-related factors associated with teenage pregnancy encompassed orphanhood, low-income status (poverty), absence of parental guidance, and teenage girls not residing with their parents. Community factors significantly tied to teenage pregnancy among those attending antenatal care at Fort Portal regional referral hospital included peer influence, exposure to pornographic content, limited access to reproductive health services, and cultural norms. These cultural practices involved early and arranged marriages, along with coerced sex with witch doctors disguised as healers. The researcher suggested that Uganda's government establish additional centers, particularly in rural areas, to address limited access to reproductive health services. Additionally, regulating alcohol and drug use among teenagers by restricting access to these substances was recommended. Keywords: Teenage Pregnancies, Antenatal care, teenage mothers, teenage girls, Parents.

69| J o u r n a l o f A d u l t E d u c a t i o n i n T a n z a n i aChallenges Facing Teenage Mothers Re-Admitted to Non-Formal Education System in Tanzania: Empirical Evidence from Learners at Wamo Open School, Morogoro Municipality

In Tanzania, as in many other low and middle-income countries, teenage pregnancy rates remain high, with cultural, socioeconomic and structural factors contributing to early and unintended pregnancies among adolescents. This study focused on the challenges facing teenage mothers re-admitted to non-formal education in Tanzania. The study was qualitative and employed a purposive sampling technique to select 20 participants from Wamo Open School. Data was analysedqualitatively. The findings revealed that teenage mothers re-admitted to non-formal education in Tanzania faced a myriad of challenges namely, stigma and discrimination from peers and community members, lack of financial resources, childcare responsibilities, dropout risk, and limited future opportunities. Finally, the study recommends that Wamo Open School, Morogoro Municipality should develop and implement comprehensive support services tailored to the needs of teenage mothers re-admitted to non-formal education programs. Keywords: Teenage mothers, non-formal education, challenges, re-admission, Tanzania

Stigma and Mental Well-Being among Teenage Mothers in the Rural Areas of Makhado, Limpopo Province

Adolescent mothers experience psychological challenges, such as social withdrawal and rejection by their communities. Assuming the role of motherhood is associated with emotional and mental distress, such as fear and worry, regret and frustration, guilt and shame, and social isolation. This study adopted a qualitative critical participatory action research approach. Purposive and snowballing recruitment were employed to recruit 11 teenage mothers, and semi-structured face-to-face interviews and focus group discussions were employed to generate data. All sessions were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using qualitative thematic analysis. Teenage mothers in this study reported experiencing humiliation and being subjected to degrading remarks and judgement by schoolmates. The experience of being rejected, teased, and labelled made participants feel that they were not accepted as part of their community. It was concluded that teenage mothers experienced inconsistent support from parents and community members, which led to social isolation and feeling rejected; hence, teenage mothers lacked a sense of belonging to and acceptance by their communities. Policymakers and authorities in education and healthcare should encourage social change and transformative learning and address the issue of stigma and social isolation experienced by teenage mothers in rural communities.

PENGALAMAN IBU USIA REMAJA DALAM PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF

Decision to give breastfeeding in teenage mothers is a dilemma, the mother must meet the developmental task of adolescence and need to perform the role as parents. This study aim to more identify the experience of teenage mother in providing the exclusive briestfeeding. This study has used qualitative method to get more information by deep interview. Participants in this study were teenage mothers aged 19 years old and had 6 babies aged 0 to 24 months old. The results of this research showed that teenage mothers decided to continue breastfeeding because they realized the good benefits, namely, making the baby's growth and development faster, healthier and stronger. Breastfeeding is more practical and increases the mother's appetite and saves the economy. Teenage mothers experience painful physical experiences such as pain, swelling, tenderness, sores on the breasts and weight loss. Feelings of pleasure arise in teenage mothers because of breastfeeding a baby. The teenage mother who have stopped breastfeeding because the baby has been fed and one of the others is because of breastfeeding problems. Teenage mother receive support from both their families and cadres in the form of support to continue breastfeeding, motivation and counselling

Comparison of Quality of Infant Care and Transition Difficulty to Motherhood Between Adolescent and Young Mothers

Background: Despite a lower teenage pregnancy rate in Iran compared to the global average, there is an anticipation of increased teenage pregnancy rates by 2025 due to changes in population policy programs. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the challenges faced during the transition to motherhood and the quality of infant care between adolescent mothers and young mothers in Karaj, Iran. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2020, involving 160 adolescent and young mothers selected through multistage sampling in Karaj, Iran. The data were collected using demographic characteristics, a modified questionnaire assessing the challenges of the transition to parenthood, and an infant care checklist. Descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation (SD), were reported. Data analysis was carried out using the chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The study showed no significant differences between adolescent and young mothers in terms of mean scores related to the challenges of the transition to parenthood, such as responsibility and commitment, pleasure and satisfaction, fondness and stability, and self-commitment (P ≥ 0.05). However, significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in the total score of infant care (33.07 ± 2.77 and 34.57 ± 2.65, P = 0.002), child disease care (10.63 ± 0.73 and 11.03 ± 1.20, P = 0.034), routine child care (5.38 ± 1.23 and 5.83 ± 1.28, P = 0.039), and maternal health (13.37 ± 1.60 and 14.29 ± 1.29, P < 0.0001) for adolescents and young mothers, respectively. Conclusions: Based on the study’s results, teenage mothers might benefit from support programs provided by healthcare providers, particularly midwives and doctors, to enhance their abilities to care for their children.

Association between adequacy of antenatal care and neonatal outcomes in Rwanda: a cross-sectional study design using the Rwanda demographic and health surveys

BackgroundMaternal and neonatal health services are life-saving interventions for neonatal health outcomes. As Rwanda endeavors to accomplish sustainable development goals, adequate ANC is essential to lessen of neonatal mortality. The utilization of ANC continues to be inadequate and high neonatal mortality rate persevere in Rwanda. Understanding the direct and indirect factors that affect newborn health outcomes is necessary for well-targeted interventions. However, few studies had been conducted in Rwanda to evaluate the importance of ANC in improving neonatal health. This study therefore assessed the association between ANC and neonatal outcomes.MethodsThe Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) are household surveys that are cross-sectional, nationally representative, and used to collect data on population, health, and nutrition. Data from the 2010,2015 and 2020 Rwanda Demographic and Health Surveys (RDHS) were used. The study involved 17,747 women between the ages of 15 and 49 who had a single live birth and at least one ANC visit in five years prior to each survey. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression, a survey adjusted for clusters at multiple level, and the estimation of adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals were used to evaluate the relationship between the outcome and independent variables.ResultsOut of 17,747 women ;7638(42.91%) of the mothers had adequate ANC visits and low birth weight (LBW) was found among 833(4.63%) neonates. The birth of a LBW baby (aOR:4.64;95%CI:3.19,6.74) was directly related to increased odds of neonatal death. Mothers aged 20–34 years (aOR:0.40; 95%CI:0.20,0.81), a preceding birth interval of 24months or greater (aOR:0.41:95%CI:0.28,0.60), baby being female (aOR:0.72; 95%CI:0.54,0.96), having adequate ANC visits (aOR:0.64;95% CI:0.46,0.89) and the birth order of the newborn being ranked second or third (aOR:0.60; 95%CI:0.38,0.95) were negatively associated with neonatal death.ConclusionHealth education programs targeting teen and primigravida mothers should be encouraged. Among the newborn survival interventions, addressing short birth intervals and the effective management of LBW cases should be explored. The findings confirm the fundamental importance of adequate ANC in the neonatal survival.

Sociodemographic and health-related factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding in 77 districts of Uganda

BackgroundUganda surpasses many African nations and the global average in exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rates. Yet, malnutrition is a critical issue, with stunting impacting roughly 29% of children under 5 years. Enhancing EBF could mitigate such nutritional challenges. This study focused on determining the current EBF prevalence and identifying associated factors across 77 surveyed districts.MethodsPooled data from the Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) surveys conducted in 77 districts in Uganda during 2021 and 2022 were analyzed. The analysis involved 7,210 mothers of children under 6 months, EBF was considered as the proportion of infants who received breast milk only in the 24 hours before the survey. A mother practicing EBF was (1) currently breastfeeding (2) had not started giving foods other than breastmilk (3) had not given any other probed liquids or (4) semi-solid foods the previous day or night. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with EBF, presenting adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals at a 5% significance level.ResultsThe prevalence of EBF was 62.3%. In the adjusted analysis, EBF was more common among older mothers 20–24 years, 25–29 years and 30 + years (aOR 1.4; 95% CI 1.2,1.6), (aOR 1.4; 95% CI 1.1, 1.6) and (aOR 1.3; 95% CI 1.1, 1.5) respectively compared to teenage mothers. Also, EBF was more likely among mothers who lived in rural areas compared to urban areas (aOR 1.1; 95% CI 1.0, 1.3) and those who attended antenatal care (ANC) (aOR 2.2; 95% CI 1.5, 3.1). On the contrary, EBF was less common for children aged 3–5 months compared to younger (aOR 0.5; 95% CI 0.5, 0.6) and children who had received Vitamin A supplementation (aOR 0.7; 95% 0.6, 0.8).ConclusionThe study suggests that most districts in Uganda might not have made significant strides in improving EBF rates over the last twenty years, pointing to possible ongoing hurdles that need urgent attention. Particularly, there’s a pressing need to focus on teenage mothers. Maintaining and strengthening programs that advocate EBF, such as ANC, is crucial to bridge the gaps and bring about more equitable rates among different groups.

Mitigating household psychosocial and economic impact of coronavirus pandemic in Mathare slums, Nairobi, Kenya: an initiative by the German doctors in Kenya.

The Psychosocial and Economic Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic in Mathare slums were adverse which necessitated mitigation strategies to be employed to cushion the most vulnerable and help them cope with the new 'state of affairs'. The pandemic was characterized by a surge in the respiratory infections, unemployment, households going hungry, gender-based violence in families, child abuse cases and increased rates of teenage pregnancy. Retrospective case study design was employed; secondary data from hospital departments were extracted for analysis from March 2020 to December 2021. Interventions in focus were health service provision, Gender based and child abuse services, food distribution, wet-feeding program, business grants and house rent grants. The most common burden faced by Mathare residents was food insecurity which was mitigated by giving 9,423 Patients' food baskets while 1,423 patients enrolled to the wet feeding program. Gender Based Violence services provided doubled in the year 2021 with physical and emotional violence being more common than sexual violence which was at 6.2%. Child abuse services were provided more in the year 2020 and 96 teenage mothers were assisted to go back to school. About 158 families received rent grants; which was a 30.4% increase from the year 2020. There was a 75.5% increase in the year 2021 of residents who received business grants. In a pandemic the effects are beyond health hence it is necessary to manage patients comprehensively using a multi-sectorial approach. However it is important to put regulations to avoid overdependence.

Postpartum depression (PPD) in teenage mothers due to social determinants of health (SDOH)

Postpartum depression (PPD) in teenage mothers due to social determinants of health (SDOH)

Heavy Burdens on Young Shoulders: Voices of Teenage Mothers in Mpumalanga, South Africa

Heavy Burdens on Young Shoulders: Voices of Teenage Mothers in Mpumalanga, South Africa

Perinatal depression among teenage mothers in a tertiary care teaching hospital of Nepal: A cross-sectional study

The teenage pregnancy has serious adverse effect on physical and mental health of mothers and infants. This cross-sectional study was aimed to assess proportion of perinatal depression and well-being of teenage mothers in Nepal. Perinatal women were evaluated using Mental Health Continuum Short Form, and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Of 239 perinatal women, 12 (5%) were teenage with a mean age of 18.17 ± 0.93 years. 33.3% (n = 4) of teenage mothers had depressive symptoms, and 25% (n = 3) had moderate/languishing mental health. A high proportion of depression and poor mental health suggests that screening and supportive care should be provided for teenage mothers.