Teenage Parents Research Articles

Are the Kids Alright? An Examination of Antisocial Behavior During Emerging Adulthood Among Justice-Involved Teen Parents

Research has highlighted the role that childbearing and parenting can have in reducing involvement in antisocial behavior among adults. While some studies have similarly examined the short-term implications of parenthood for teen parents, very little research has considered the role that parenthood might have as they enter emerging adulthood. Accordingly, using data from the Pathways to Desistance study, the current study examines whether, among justice system involved young people, adolescent parenthood is associated with offending, incarceration, and drug dependency during emerging adulthood. Results indicate that adolescent parents, particularly teen fathers, are more likely to have continued justice system involvement during emerging adulthood. The opposite is true, however, for teen parents who live with their children (residential parents).

Effects of Intimate Partner Violence Prevention Programming on Social Support, Coparenting, and Parenting Among Teen Parents: A Pilot Study

Understanding mechanisms and secondary outcomes of intimate partner violence (IPV) prevention programs for teen parents can help to improve relationships. This study used data from a randomized pilot trial of the Safe Dates for Teen Mothers IPV prevention program compared to the original Safe Dates program with 32 teen mothers recruited from four community-based sites. We examined effect sizes of cross-sectional associations between IPV, social support, coparenting, and parenting, and of differences between the adapted program and the original on social support, coparenting, and parenting over 6 months. Effect sizes of associations were medium on average. Effect sizes on social support, coparenting, and parenting favored the adapted program over the original program and were medium to large. IPV prevention programs adapted for teen parents have the potential to support positive dynamics in their social relationships. These preliminary estimates can inform the design of larger research and intervention studies.

Classroom Toileting: A Collaborative Effort.

Developmental norms suggest that children are ready for toilet training between the ages of 18 and 24 months; however, many children now enter school without this self-care skill. Many factors can contribute to delayed toilet training including child readiness, developmental disabilities, poverty, lower parental education levels, and higher rates of single and teen-aged parents who may lack parenting skills including toilet training. Most children enroll in a kindergarten program at 5 years of age. Because children will be accepted to kindergarten regardless of toilet training status, schools need to be ready for children who lack this self-care skill. Although school staff are willing to support these children, the main purpose of school is education. The school nurse can take an active role in classroom toileting programs by collaborating with school administrators, teachers, staff, and parents to promote successful toilet training and fostering a healthy learning environment.

The MINT Program: A Mixed-Method Approach to Identifying Nature-Based Resources to Promote Adolescent Parent Social and Psychological Well-Being.

Adolescent parents are at an increased risk for loneliness and mental health challenges compared to childless peers. Nature-based interventions are shown to promote social connectedness. To identify elements of a nature-based intervention to reduce loneliness and foster nature connection among pregnant and parenting adolescents. Sequential exploratory mixed methods. In 2020 and 2021, we piloted the 8-week MINT program at a school for pregnant and parenting teens. Our qualitative approach (n = 17) included online and in-person group meetings with nature-based educational content, discussion, park excursions, mindfulness activities, journaling and nature photography. Subsequently, we recruited 131 young mothers at a children's hospital for a cross-sectional survey based on qualitative school findings. Qualitative results from the school-based intervention showed a preference for meditative and contemplative activities and for spending time in nature with extended family. Participants typically accessed nature close to home. Our clinic-based teen parent survey illustrated that participants' access to nature were most limited by lack of time (25% of responses), company (18%) and energy (28%). While participants showed a close nature connection (mean NR-6 score = 3.9 (SD = 0.84)), they also showed moderate levels of loneliness (mean UCLA Loneliness score = 4.78 (SD = 1.60)). Walking, hiking and/or running were the most preferred nature activity. These findings provide key details to define nature-based activities to address loneliness and psychological well-being among teen mothers. Nature-based health interventions can address loneliness and nature disconnection by building community resilience, improving provider and patient well-being and motivating environmental stewardship. We identify key features of a nature-based intervention for adolescent mothers. These findings support teen mothers in the US and abroad and may serve as a foundation for using nature-based solutions for vulnerable mothers and for adolescents facing loneliness and mental health challenges. No patient or public contribution.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices towards Influenza Vaccine among Guangzhou Residents: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Influenza vaccination is an important prevention strategy for flu illness. However, the vaccination rate is still low in Guangzhou, China. This study aimed to understand the status of knowledge, the attitude towards the vaccines' reliability and safety, and other aspects associated with the willingness and practice of influenza vaccines in the pediatric and adult populations of Guangzhou city. This study was performed in eleven districts in Guangzhou between November 2020 and December 2020, including the Yuexiu, Liwan, Haizhu, Tianhe, Baiyun, Panyu, Huadu, Nansha, Huangpu, Zengcheng, and Conghua districts. The parents of children and teenagers under the age of eighteen in Guangzhou were surveyed using self-administered questionnaires in four domains: demographic information, the knowledge status and perception of influenza vaccination, the willingness and attitude towards influenza vaccination, and previous vaccine uptake. A multivariable logistic regression was employed to assess the possible determinants of willingness and practice to receive influenza vaccination, calculating the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI). A two-sided p-value < 0.05 was deemed statistically significant. A total of 13,213 valid questionnaires were collected (validity rate 98.8%). Out of these participants, 42.62% (5631 participants) expressed a willingness to receive the influenza vaccine, while 55.40% (7320 participants) reported that their children and teenagers had been vaccinated against the flu. Furthermore, 40.44% of the respondents (5343 participants) or other family members had received the influenza vaccine. Logistic regression indicated that factors such as being female (OR = 1.395, 95% CI: 1.278-1.522), being involved in the work of COVID-19 prevention and control (1.551, 1.396-1.724), affirming the preventive effects of vaccination (2.474, 2.106-2.906), knowing about annual influenza vaccination (2.756, 2.540-2.992), and understanding prioritized influenza vaccination populations (1.464, 1.343-1.596) were all positively associated with vaccination willingness. Conversely, middle-aged persons (aged 40-49 years old) (0.726, 0.617-0.853), higher educational levels (undergraduate versus middle school) (0.858, 0.768-0.959), heightened concerns about vaccine safety (considering side effects are obvious versus considering it is safe and basically no side effects) (0.284, 0.188-0.429) and lower knowledge scores (0.813, 0.701-0.942) were adversely linked with vaccination willingness. These findings provide essential insights for altering the perception of influence and influenza vaccination, as well as enhancing health communication strategies to improve influenza vaccine uptake among Guangzhou residents.

From Traditional-Aged Students to Teenage Fathers: A Qualitative Study of Social Challenges and Experiences of East Asian Second-Generation Teenage Fathers

This study aims to investigate East Asian second-generation teenage fathers’ stress and problems resulting from internal factors and external influences in the United States. The relationships between the changes in the teenage fathers’ family structures, social expectations, and experiences of educational and financial challenges during the pregnancy (of their partner) and into the period of their early fatherhood were examined. Based on the Interpretative phenomenological method, ten participants who had experienced stress and problems due to their characteristics as teenage fathers, particularly second-generation East Asian Americans, participated in this study. Three semi-structured interviews, one focus group activity, and one member-checking interview were used to collect in-depth lived stories. Three themes emerged: (1) Cultural characteristics: Detrimental perspectives from family members and the public, (2) Age: The hindrance of youth as a characteristic of teenage fathers, and (3) Career development: The challenges of earning a minimum salary and having an unforeseen career. The findings indicated that counseling services based on patients’ sociocultural backgrounds and practices should be considered to offer effective treatments to ethnic minorities, in this case, East Asian Americans. The results of this study can provide a map for public health researchers to use in refining sex education and sexual health promotion, and the approach can offer a blueprint for capturing the voices of other teenage parents.

Teenage pregnancy and parenthood, a review of the literature

Teenage parenthood involves adual transition to adulthood and parenthood. A small-scale phenomenon, there remains a gap between statistical reality and social perception. The media and politicians take up the issue as a synonym for socio-psychological difficulties. The literature points in particular to the consequences of these maternities on the future of mothers, children and their relationships. However, some studies qualify the literature by identifying different types of teenage pregnancy and parenthood profiles.

Exploring primary care physician biases in adolescent contraceptive counseling

Objective(s)While previous literature has shown clinician bias in adult contraceptive counseling, less is known on the biases clinicians may exhibit when counseling adolescents about contraception. Our study aimed to describe long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) counseling and prescribing practices of adolescent-serving clinicians. Study designThis study used a cross-sectional discrete choice experiment mixed methods design. We sent a survey containing vignettes and items pertaining to demographics and beliefs to a convenience sample of adolescent-serving clinicians across the United States. ResultsOf 296 clinicians, 80% were in pediatrics, and had geographic, practice setting, gender, and racial diversity. Most clinicians reported being up-to-date with current literature regarding contraception. Sixty-eight percent of respondent’s practices administer contraceptive injections, but only 17% place intrauterine devices (IUDs). Of those who do insert IUDs, nearly half inserted five or fewer within the last year. Patients’ younger age and Hispanic ethnicity were associated with lower odds, and history of pregnancy was associated with higher odds, of clinicians’ recommending LARC. Across all vignettes, the top five reasons clinicians chose their first-choice method for the patient were adherence or compliance, efficacy, side effects, patient age, and reversibility. Conclusion(s)Clinicians often recommend contraceptives based on adherence, efficacy, and age, and we found younger age, minoritized race or ethnicity, and history of pregnancy were all associated with LARC recommendations, indicating potential biases against teen parents and assumptions about adolescents’ priorities. This may impede the provision of patient-centered contraceptive counseling for adolescents, and highlights the need for improved education and practice changes post-Dobbs. ImplicationsWe found that clinicians demonstrated several biases in how they provide contraceptive recommendations to adolescent patients. These biases were often associated with their personal beliefs and experiences. Our findings can guide the development of future interventions aimed at improving adolescent reproductive health counseling and care delivery in primary care settings.

Analysis of Media Coverage on Teen Parents Using Text Mining

Analysis of Media Coverage on Teen Parents Using Text Mining

Experiences of parents of teenagers with life-threatening food allergies: a qualitative systematic review protocol.

The objective of this review is to synthesize the experiences of parents of teenagers with life-threatening food allergies. Life-threatening food allergies are increasing globally, with a significant effect on families, particularly parents. The teenage years are a time of increasing autonomy for young people; however, for parents living with and caring for a teenager with a life-threatening food allergy, this responsibility can have a considerable impact. This review will include qualitative studies on the experiences of parents of teenagers with life-threatening food allergies, including, but not limited to, caregiving, parenting, and psychosocial experiences; any day-to-day activities, happenings, thoughts, or feelings related to parenting a teenager with life-threatening food allergies; and the handing over of responsibility for the allergy to the teenager. The review will include studies on participants in the community and in health care settings such as inpatient hospitalizations, outpatient visits, school and sports events, family dinners, restaurants, and travel. Participants from all cultural backgrounds, socio-economic backgrounds, and countries will be included. The review will follow the JBI methodology for systematic reviews of qualitative evidence. The search for published studies will include CINAHL, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO (EBSCOhost); Embase (Ovid); LILACS, IBSS, and Sociological Abstracts (ProQuest). The search for unpublished studies will include ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, Open Access Theses and Dissertations (OATD), Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE), Google, and Google Scholar. Databases will be searched from inception until the present. JBI tools and guidelines will be used to conduct critical appraisal, data extraction, data synthesis, and assessment of confidence in the findings. PROSPERO CRD42024503698.

Do parents support e-bike use among teenagers, and why? Evidence from Vietnam

ObjectivesHabituating young generations to using green modes is critical to forming sustainable transportation development. However, we do not know what enables or deters e-bike use among teenagers in developing countries. This study, set in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, seeks to answer two research questions: (1) how much do teenagers use e-bikes and why, and (2) how much do parents support further e-bike use among teenagers? MethodsThe current study relies on a survey of 832 parents of older teenagers (about half of whom use e-bikes). Exploratory factor analysis is applied to derive latent psychological variables before binary and ordinal logit regression models are estimated to explore the factors that affect teenagers’ actual use of e-bikes and their parents' support for e-bike use. ResultsThe prevalence of e-bike use is 52%. Teenagers are more likely to use e-bikes, and be supported in this choice, when their parents believe that e-bikes are useful and safe. Parents care a great deal about their children's preferences around travel modes. A positive attitude towards e-bikes and an encouraging social circle lead to more e-bike use among teenagers and more parental support for e-bike use. Environmental awareness only predicts parental support for e-bikes use while perceived ease of use is positively associated with actual use by teens. Older teenagers are less likely to use e-bikes. ConclusionsOur findings can assist government agencies in adopting appropriate policies to sustain the use of e-bikes among teenagers. More research is needed to validate the findings of this study in other settings. Future studies should employ longitudinal data from representative samples of teens and/or parents.

Prevalence and associated factors of teenage childbearing among Ethiopian women using semi-parametric and parametric proportional hazard and accelerated failure time models

BackgroundTeenage childbearing is a common issue for young people’s sexual and reproductive health in the world, particularly in low-income countries, and affects teenagers between the ages of 13 and 19. According to several academics, adolescent pregnancy accounts for the majority of Ethiopia’s population increase, and there has been little effort to address this threat. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of the time to teenage childbearing in Ethiopia.MethodThis paper compares the results of the semi-parametric proportional hazard (PH), parametric PH, and accelerated failure time (AFT) models to find the model that best fits the data. The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was used to evaluate the performance of models examined in this investigation. Time to teenage childbearing was the study’s outcome variable, while the analysis considered various independent variables. We analyze data from the 2016 National Demographic Health Survey to assess the influence of different risk factors on teenage pregnancy among Ethiopian women.ResultsOut of the 10,274 teenagers (aged between 13 and 19) who participated in the 2016 survey, 6,430 (62.59%) were parents. The study findings revealed that these teenage parents were influenced by various time-related factors before becoming parents. The log-normal AFT model has the lowest AIC value and hence it is the best fit for this data. Results from this model indicated that significant factors influencing the time to teenage childbearing include the age of the household head, current age of the respondents, region, religion, educational attainment, wealth status, intention to use contraception, and recent sexual activity.ConclusionThis study reveals that 62.59% of surveyed teenagers aged 13 to 19 were parents. Various factors at both the individual and community levels: including the age of the household head, regional differences, religious affiliation, educational level, economic status, contraceptive intentions, and recent sexual activity, determine the time to teenage childbearing. Targeted interventions addressing these factors are essential for reducing teenage pregnancies and supporting adolescent parents effectively.

Lower Independent Self-Care Readiness Persists over Time in Teens with Type 1 Diabetes and Executive Function Challenges.

Management of type 1 diabetes is complex and benefits from adequate executive function (EF) (planning, organization, problem-solving). Teens with diabetes and executive dysfunction may have challenges with acquisition of self-care skills. Over 18 months, parents of teens with type 1 diabetes aged 13-17 completed the Diabetes Family Responsibility Questionnaire (DFRQ) and Readiness for Independent Self-Care Questionnaire (RISQ) every 6 months. Parents assessed teen EF, completing the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). T-score ≥60 defined EF challenges. EF, demographic, and diabetes treatment variables predicted RISQ score over time using longitudinal mixed modeling with false discovery rate adjustment. There were 169 teen participants (54% male) aged 15.9±1.3 years, diabetes duration 8.4±3.7 years, and A1c 8.6±1.2%. About a third (31.4%) of teens had parent-reported BRIEF Global Executive Composite (GEC) scores ≥60. After adjusting for age, gender, and DFRQ, those with GEC <60 had RISQ score 4.1 points higher than those with GEC ≥60, p=0.016. Behavioral regulation index (BRI; adjusted for age, CGM use, DFRQ, and A1c) did not predict RISQ while metacognition index (MI; adjusted for age, gender, and DFRQ) did; those with MI <60 had RISQ score 5.3 points higher than those with MI ≥60, p<0.001. In all models, older teen age (p<0.05) and less parental involvement (p<0.001) predicted higher RISQ score. EF skills, especially metacognition, appear important for acquisition of self-care behaviors in teens with type 1 diabetes. Evaluating EF during adolescence may identify teens needing extra support during the transition process.

Setting a research agenda for examining early risk for elevated cognitive disengagement syndrome symptoms using data from the ABCD cohort.

Little research has examined early life risk for symptoms of cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS) despite a well-established literature regarding co-occurring outcomes (e.g., attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder). The current study estimated bivariate associations between early life risk factors and CDS in a large and representative sample of U.S. children. We conducted secondary analyses of baseline data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study (N = 8,096 children, 9-10 years old). Birthing parents reported early life risk factors on a developmental history questionnaire, including parental, prenatal, delivery and birth, and developmental milestone information. They also completed the Child Behavior Checklist, which includes a CDS subscale that was dichotomized to estimate the odds of elevated CDS symptoms (i.e., T-score > 70) in children related to risk indices. We observed significantly elevated odds of CDS related to parental risk factors (i.e., unplanned pregnancy, pregnancy awareness after 6 weeks, teenage parenthood), birthing parent illnesses in pregnancy (i.e., severe nausea, proteinuria, pre-eclampsia/toxemia, severe anemia, urinary tract infection), pregnancy complications (i.e., bleeding), prenatal substance exposures (i.e., prescription medication, tobacco, illicit drugs), delivery and birth risk factors (i.e., child blue at delivery, child not breathing, jaundice, incubation after delivery), and late motor and speech milestones in children. Several early-life risk factors were associated with elevated odds of CDS at ages 9-10 years; study design prevents the determination of causality. Further investigation is warranted regarding early life origins of CDS with priority given to risk indices that have upstream commonalities (i.e., that restrict fetal growth, nutrients, and oxygen).

Project I-PASSED: An intervention program for Students-At-Risk of Dropping Out (SARDO)

Learners in developing countries like the Philippines have denied their right to education by dropping out for various reasons. This descriptive study was conducted to find out the common reasons why advisory students in the past three (3) years dropped out of school, and why students of GAS 1108 and GAS 1109 were categorized as Students-At-Risk of Dropping Out (SARDO) during the First Semester of School Year 2023-2024; to propose an intervention program based on findings; and to determine its effectiveness based on student-recipients’ perceptions, and the number of learners categorized as SARDO who remained in school. Data were obtained from anecdotal records of dropped-out students for the past three school years, and from the three sets of researcher-made survey questionnaires which undergone thorough validation by experts in the field. These were administered to 17 identified SARDO who were officially enrolled at Muntinlupa National High School – Senior High School during the School Year 2023-2024. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were utilized in analyzing the data. Findings revealed that the three prevailing reasons why students dropped out of school for the past three school years, and why student-respondents were categorized as SARDO were financial problems (7, 41%), teenage pregnancy and/or parenting (6, 35%), and personal problems (2,35%); Project I-PASSED (“Incorporating Partnership and Active Synergy between School and Stakeholders for the Effective Delivery of Student Services) was proposed based on the findings; and Project I-PASSED’s initiatives were “Very Effective” in terms of addressing students’ financial problems (), personal problems (), and teenage pregnancy and/or parenting () which were all supported by the testimonies of the student-recipients. There were 14 out 17 (82.35%) identified SARDO who remained in school at present, indicating that the main objective of the project was “Mostly Achieved”. Therefore, the initiatives of the project were helpful and beneficial in addressing the complex needs of students. Supporting and sustaining this project was highly recommended. The implications of this study are to empower students by bringing them back to school, and to contribute tangible solutions that may reshape the educational practices across the country.

An attachment‐based program for parents of youth with clinically significant mental health problems: Scaling up and drilling down to mechanisms of change

AbstractBackgroundGiven the prevalence and recent increases in youth mental health problems, there is a pressing need for interventions that target transdiagnostic protective factors that could be targeted as mechanisms of change in treatment. Such interventions are most likely to succeed in meeting population needs if they are scalable, sustainable, and effective. Connect is a manualized, 10‐session trauma‐informed and attachment‐based parent program that is structured, emotion‐focused and skills‐oriented. Developed for broad implementation by community mental health workers, Connect is designed to promote parent–child attachment security, a well‐established transdiagnostic protective factor for youth mental health.MethodsWe examined whether parent–youth attachment anxiety and avoidance predicted reductions in internalizing and externalizing problems in a large one‐group clinical sample of youth (N = 527; ages 8–18 years) of parents (N = 690) who completed the Connect program in a longitudinal study with 6 time points (pre‐, mid‐, and post‐treatment; 6‐, 12‐ and 18‐month follow‐up).ResultsFindings confirmed that parent and youth reports of attachment anxiety and avoidance, as well as internalizing and externalizing problems, significantly declined over the course of the intervention. Parent reported reductions in youth attachment anxiety, but not avoidance, predicted declining levels of youth internalizing problems. As well, parent reported reductions in youth attachment avoidance and anxiety predicted declining youth externalizing behavior. In contrast, youth reports of reductions in youth attachment anxiety, but not attachment avoidance, were associated with declines in youth externalizing problems.ConclusionOur findings support the role of attachment as an important transdiagnostic mechanism of change in attachment‐based programs for parents of teens with clinically significant mental health problems.

Choosing Life in All Its Fullness: The Nature of the Abundant Life and Its Relationship to Abortion Politics

In John 10:7-10, Jesus promises that he has come so that we may have life in all its fullness. This article examines life in its fullness from an Anglican perspective, articulating a Christian ethic that asserts freedom, voice, identity, and an opportunity to flourish are essential components to such a life. Life experiences illuminate ways in which the choice about whether or not to terminate a pregnancy helped define full life for both mothers and children. These insights grow out of experiences working in a teenage parent program in Florida and as the director of a family planning clinic in the rural west. The premise of the article is that both scripture and our Anglican tradition imagine life to mean more than just subsistence, and that current prohibitions on abortion, even before fetus viability, thwart Christ’s vision for life, most poignantly for women and children in poor and rural settings.

Unveiling Socioeconomic Disparities: Understanding Pregnancy Awareness and Family Well-being among Middle-Late Adolescent Mothers across Diverse Socioeconomic Strata in Urban Manila, Philippines

This research study examines the real-life experiences of adolescent mothers within the age group of 13-17 years old (middle adolescence) to 18-21 years old (late adolescence), coming from middle and low socioeconomic backgrounds. Using different qualitative research techniques, this study aims to uncover unique obstacles, coping strategies, and support networks encountered by teenage mothers from different economic strata. A total of 6 teenage mothers from middle-class (n=3) and low-income (n=3) settings is conducted to gather their stories and perspectives. Thematic analysis is employed to discern common threads and distinctions between the two groups, creating themes to categorize the similarities between their responses. The outcomes of this inquiry offer valuable insights into how socioeconomic status intersects with teenage parenthood, underscoring four significant factors that emerged through the data analysis: Support Systems, Educational and Career Trajectory, Family Dynamics and Expectations, and Awareness and Perception. Having identified these themes can design a path towards creating customized interventions and support mechanisms for both vulnerable demographics while advocating for more inclusive and educational programs in raising awareness and removing the stereotypes about teenage pregnancy. For future researchers interested in studying the real-life experiences of adolescent mothers from different economic backgrounds, it is essential to consider the myriad of factors that shape their lives. These factors include race, culture, and geographical location, all of which intersect with their socioeconomic status to influence their experiences.

Untangling risky discourse with evidence: A scoping review of outcomes for teen mothers’ offspring

Concerns for the long-term health and social well-being of teen mothers and their children arose in the 1970s as early childbearing was depicted as a public health problem. Early researchers identified the high-risk nature of teen mothering and a host of unfavorable maternal-child outcomes. The purpose of this study is to review the research published since 2010 on the outcomes for teen mothers’ offspring ≥ 6 years of age; to examine trends in the types of studies conducted; and to identify the strengths and limitations of this research. MethodWe conducted a systematic search of 8 databases to identify studies that examined outcomes for offspring ≥ 6 years from high-income countries. We grouped studies by offspring age (child ≥ 6 years of age, adolescents, and adults) and outcomes in the domains of mental health, physical health, education, sexual activity, delinquency/crime, and substance use. Child outcomes were examined in 16 studies, adolescent outcomes in 31, and adult outcomes in 14. FindingsOf the 53 studies published between 2010 to November 2022, 32 originated in the U.S.; 9 in Sweden; 2 each in Canada and Taiwan; and 8 elsewhere. Since 2010, researchers have increasingly used national samples and sibling and cousin comparisons to control for selection into teen mothering. These studies have reduced, and in some cases, eliminated young maternal age as a predictor, suggesting that poor outcomes are largely due to factors related to teen mothers’ preexisting disadvantage. ConclusionsThe results of this scoping review echo a chorus of scholars who have long argued that the poor outcomes attributed to teen mothering disregard the systemic inequities that predispose youth to become teen parents. Because these upstream conditions are baked into the social worlds that most teen mothers and their children inherit, delaying childbearing in the absence of mitigating these conditions is unlikely to improve maternal-child outcomes. We urge researchers to adjust for selection into teen mothering; examine heterogeneity in samples; adjust for birth year when multiple birth cohorts are combined in a study; place findings in historical context; consider variables that align with the perspectives of teen mothers; and study the intergenerational effects of adverse childhood experiences. Doing so would improve our understanding not only of causal relationships but the context and temporality of maternal-child outcomes.

Education of moral and volitional qualities of adolescents in sports activities

Relevance. The article deals with the problem related to the education of moral and volitional qualities in the educational and training process of adolescents engaged in sports. The contradiction arising in the practice of sports reserve training is connected with the fact that achievement of high sports results requires the manifestation and thus the formation of personal qualities of young athletes, which are perceived by the society as negative. The methods and techniques of educational influence used by sports teachers often cause disharmony in the personal development of their students. There is a need to develop and implement in the practice of sports training proven methods of development of personal qualities of children and adolescents that meet the requirements of social order.The purpose of the study is to substantiate the effectiveness of the methodology for the development of moral and volitional qualities of adolescents 12-13 years old engaged in track and field athletics.Methods and organization of research. To determine the level of development of moral and volitional qualities in adolescents, a specially designed system of five-point evaluation was used. The content of each personal quality was revealed in their main features, which were the main indicators of the level of manifestation of this quality. Each attribute is evaluated in one point. The total evaluation score of each attribute is within the scale from 1 to 5 points. Parents of adolescents, coaches, teachers and class teachers acted as experts. The participants of the forming experiment were adolescents 12-13 years old (boys and girls) engaged in track and field athletics. Two groups were created: control (n=20) and experimental (n=20). The control group was engaged in the standard programme of sports training. The work in the experimental group lasted for one year and provided for the implementation in the educational and training process of the methodology of education of moral and volitional qualities of adolescents.Conclusions. In the conditions of educational and training process, purposeful activity providing interaction of teachers of secondary school, coaches and parents of teenagers on realization of the offered technique allows to develop effectively moral and volitional qualities of teenagers engaged in track and field athletics.