Tee Shirts Research Articles

It Depends

While Comic-Con is a celebration of popular culture, it is also a launching pad for new properties in film and television. In recent years, the conventional thought about how to approach this has changed from handing out free memorabilia such as tee shirts and posters to providing an actual experience in the properties world. This type of advertising is the immersive activation. The goal of the activation is an analogous relationship between the live experience and the mediated, neither serving as the precedent to the other. In embracing this analogous relationship, mediatized and live performances move forward, establishing new entanglements with their audience. The clearest example of this analogous relationship exists in activations. An immersive activation is a live-action event where the spectator is tasked with the moniker of both audience and participant. The shift from “viewer” to “collaborator” is, as Clair Bishop (2012) and so many others have noted, manifested in fascinating and new creations. I take an approach following neuroscientific discoveries, which support this shift through different means joining the brain’s function with philosophy, as I explore the immersive activation.

Reframing Tragedy

Reframing Tragedy

Los Angeles Apparel: Locally Made in a Global Market

This case takes place during Los Angeles Apparel’s second full year of operation. Manufacturing fashion basics such as tee shirts and leggings, the company’s operations are located entirely in Los Angeles, eschewing the typical international apparel supply chains. The central figure in the case is founder and CEO Dov Charney. A nationally known figure, Charney was previously the founder and CEO of American Apparel, an apparel manufacturer and retailer, which at its peak reached annual sales in excess of $600 million and operated almost 300 stores across 20 countries. Charney’s controversial management style made him both famous and infamous and his tenure as CEO came to an end in 2014 when he was ousted by the company’s board. In 2016, Charney founded Los Angeles Apparel with a desire to recreate what he saw as the best aspects of American Apparel – local and ‘sweatshop free’ manufacturing. Following the same trajectory as the earlier company, Charney began by focusing on wholesale B2B channels. He had recently added a B2C ecommerce channel and was considering opening brick-and-mortar stores in the near future. But much had changed in the two decades since American Apparel’s initial success. Which path forward was best for Los Angeles Apparel in current environment?

A mobile application for personal colour analysis

This study developed a mobile app of the personal colour analysis system, which determines the clothing colours that are harmonized to a user’s personal skin and hair colouring. The mobile application is easy and accurate for non-experts to use, and it employs photographs of a user’s skin and hair colours to automatically calculate and categorize personal colouring instead of using fabrics as an analysing material. The application applies virtual packets of fabric swatches to virtual tee shirts and overlays them on the user’s photographs to obtain a personal colour analysis. Through this process, the application reduces personal time and cost dramatically, and it allows users to analyse their personal colours repeatedly by themselves. This study is expected to establish a framework to advance research on clothing colours. The application is also expected to substantively assist consumers in choosing clothing colours.

Refiguring media: Tee shirts as a site of audience engagement with superheroes

ABSTRACTIn the last 20 years or so, new forms of media have resulted in new forms of engagement with media in general. The production and distribution of older forms of media have also undergone a transformation. Sales of the superhero genre of comic books have waned considerably even as advances in computer-generated imagery (CGI) have helped carry the spectacular imaginative events from their worlds to the screen. In this environment tee shirts have become an important medium through which audiences engage with superheroes. This article offers a historical account of that process.

Special Issue on Cell Death: Murder, mystery (and a little bit of mayhem) in Manhattan

This Special Issue on Cell Death comprises a series of 12 reviews that span a broad spectrum of topics within highly active research areas in the cell death field. We hope that you will find these pieces to be of interest; we certainly found them to be fresh and engaging and we are grateful to their authors for taking the time to write for The FEBS Journal.

The sailor, the turtle and the jungle man - striking the balance between protection and public domain in fictional character merchandising

What is it that ‘Popeye the Sailor’, the ‘Teenage Mutant Hero Turtles’ and ‘Tarzan’ have in common? Besides being well-known fictitious characters, each of them is overwhelmingly successful in terms of entertainment (for the public) and revenue (for the industry behind it). They exemplify the possibility of the fictional characters’ owners not only using them for their basic purpose, i.e. in books, comics, movies, broadcasts, etc., but also of secondary exploitation of the characters’ gained reputation, by granting licenses for manufacturing and distribution of mass market merchandising like posters, tee shirts, toys, badges, etc. This business is also known as ‘Character Merchandising’, involving the use of the essential personality features (name, image, etc.) of fictional characters1in the marketing and/or advertising of goods or services (WIPO, 1994, p. 8).

Sampled Biography, and: Wheels of Steel, and: Seven Days of Falling, and: Winter / Weird Fishes

Sampled Biography, and: Wheels of Steel, and: Seven Days of Falling, and: Winter / Weird Fishes Adrian Matejka (bio) Sampled Biography for Stacey Knock Knees In the picture, they rub togethertimpanically, hodgepodgeof too-high tube socks and too-bigteeth going all directions.Like magnolia petals if you'venever seen the flower. Atlanta Trees Piney enough, sure.Tall enough, sure,but not so tall as to foresee misnomer in Southern Belleor that what we can really seeof the South will have to do. Gaither Your nanny is broke down in the picture,but the stories speak of a differentwoman—mean mother of a drunk, drunk mother who meansto show you all the thingsyou shouldn't know, Georgia peach. [End Page 15] Voice Potentate of firsthand smoke:gruff when riled, grufferwhen content. All the thingsa voice should be, pranks and morepranks, diction and some moreof that imposed stuff—Pinyin of the South. The South Another unfinished afternoon:time's ribcage gummedwith cobbler and hypnosis. What I Love The inertia I can't see, but was told is.Annotation of morning's vertigo, point Aand point B and the hair it leaves.If momentum can be rephrased, light thereis light wherever, pinioned on the gravityof your question-mark eyes. Ramification Woman, I've got the blues, like an uglyof cat-gut and malt liquor.Maybe uglier. Woman,all the roughage in the world won'tset things straight: no jailhouse blues,no frozen dinners clockworked on the table.Sovereignty co-opted from your homeplace,just you and the words I love. [End Page 16] Wheels of Steel I got me two songs insteadof eyes—all swollen and blacked out like the day after a lost fight.Two jigsaws spinning, buzzing the backdrop for woodshopor emcee, bar mitzvah or afterset. It's Run DMC rocking withouta band, but not without me. Two rims spinning after the carstops. Baby, I'm the little lenses in the bifocals if they were on pulleys.I'm the Wizard of Oz if Oz was a fish fry in July. Call meMaster of the Cracked Fingers. One song spins forward, the otherback to repeat itself: Every day I'm hustlin'. Every day I'm hustlin'.Baby, I'm the layaway payment on a Ferris wheel. My songs orbitparking lots and rent parties like the crazy lady's eyeswhen she finds out her lover man already left. One of my songsspins backward, while the other [End Page 17] plays forward like sugar mixingin to make the grape. My songs are the pinwheels for this paradeof moonwalks and uprocks. Seven Days of Falling Today, I'm assimilating like margarineinto hotcakes. I'm getting down like Danny Larusso after the against-the-rulesleg sweep. So low, I'll be a flower in the lapel of common decency.Factual, the same way "Zanzibar" means sea of blacks to anyone who isn't fromthere. Where is Juan Valdez, his burroesque dependability whenyou need him? I had a friend who minted tee shirts with Juan front and center,an afro instead of a sombrero, a power fist in place of a smile. The inscription:100% Columbian. I'm going the way of skin—radio waves, thoughtslike ear-to-ear transmissions grounded [End Page 18] into the ozone on the way from mindlessspace to forgetful Earth. Man, my skin doesn't need me any more than moldneeds cheese. On this day of cellophane lunchboxes and hand grenades reshapingmy palms into their own militaristic orbit, there are only oceans to catch me.On this day, something needs to catalogue me: a hall monitordoubled wide by ambition, a goldfish with thumbs hitchhikingtoward a fishbowl full of dub. Winter / Weird Fishes after Radiohead Every morning, you loiterlike a middle-aged sugar mamaonce the sun's up, hopingto be more than a meal ticket.You are a skeleton, wishingfor the plaster attentionof being broken. Winter,this is your intervention.The kind of stopgapwhere the breakers break...

Assessing intermittent pesticide exposure from flea control collars containing the organophosphorus insecticide tetrachlorvinphos

Fleas are a persistent problem for pets that require implementation of control measures. Consequently, pesticide use by homeowners for flea control is common and may increase pesticide exposure for adults and children. Fifty-five pet dogs (23 in study 1; 22 in study 2) of different breeds and weights were treated with over-the-counter flea collars containing tetrachlorvinphos (TCVP). During study 1, fur of treated dogs was monitored for transferable TCVP residues using cotton gloves to pet the dogs during 5-min rubbings post-collar application. Plasma cholinesterase (ChE) activity was also measured in treated dogs. Average amounts of TCVP transferred from the fur of the neck (rubbing over the collar) and from the back to gloves at 3 days post-collar application were 23,700+/-2100 and 260+/-50 microg/glove, respectively. No inhibition of plasma ChE was observed. During study 2, transferable TCVP residues to cotton gloves were monitored during 5-min rubbings post-collar application. Transferable residues were also monitored on cotton tee shirts worn by children and in the first morning urine samples obtained from adults and children. Average amounts of TCVP transferred to gloves at 5 days post-collar application from the neck (over the collar) and from the back were 22,400+/-2900 and 80+/-20 microg/glove, respectively. Tee shirts worn by children on days 7-11 contained 1.8+/-0.8 microg TCVP/g shirt. No significant differences were observed between adults and children in urinary 2,4,5-trichloromandelic acid (TCMA) levels; however, all TCMA residues (adults and children) were significantly greater than pretreatment concentrations (alpha=0.05). The lack of ChE inhibition in dogs and the low acute toxicity level of TCVP (rat oral LD(50) of 4-5 g/kg) strongly suggest that TCVP is rapidly detoxified and excreted and therefore poses a very low toxicological risk, despite these high residues.

Assessing transferable residues from intermittent exposure to flea control collars containing the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos

Children can be exposed to pesticides from numerous residential sources such as carpet, house dust, toys and clothing from treated homes, and flea control remedies on pets. In the present studies, 48 pet dogs (24 in each of two studies) of different breeds and weights were treated with over-the-counter flea collars containing chlorpyrifos (CP), an organophosphorus insecticide. Transferable insecticide residues were quantified on cotton gloves used to rub the dogs for 5 min and on cotton tee shirts worn by a child (Study 2 only). First morning urine samples were also obtained from adults and children in both studies for metabolite (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol) quantification. Blood samples were obtained from treated dogs in Study 1 and plasma cholinesterase (ChE) activity was monitored. Transferable residues on gloves for all compounds were highest near the neck of the dogs and were lowest in areas most distant from the neck. Rubbing samples (over the collar) at two weeks post-collar application contained 447+/-57 microg CP/glove while samples from the fur of the back contained 8+/-2 microg CP/glove. In Study 2, cotton tee shirts worn by children at 15 days post-collar application for 4 h showed CP levels of 134+/-66 ng/g shirt. There were significant differences between adults and children in the levels of urinary metabolites with children generally having higher urinary levels of metabolites than adults (grand mean+/-SE; 11.6+/-1.1 and 7.9+/-0.74 ng/mg creatinine for children and adults, respectively, compared to 9.4+/-0.8 and 6.9+/-0.5 ng/mg creatinine before collar placement). Therefore, there was little evidence that the use of this flea collar contributed to enhanced CP exposure of either children or adults.

The Calculus of Felicity

There is a way he has of looking into the mirror that tells me he likes himself, but he isn't sure, each time he comes back to the mir ror, exactly what to expect. The expression he sees on this face is clearly friendly. All its features are pleasantly proportioned?even its hair flops into acceptable arrangements without much fuss. But he doesn't look at the mirror to congratulate himself on this. He looks at his face as though it has assumed its pleasant appearance out of pure good will. It likes him, and wishes to please. He appre ciates this: he smiles at the mirror just as he would at a friend who has done him an unexpected favor. From my tree I can see them greet each other, the man and the mirror. If he tried, if he knew exactly where to look and what to look for, he could see my reflection just above his right shoulder. Nothing distinct, just a dark object at the juncture of two thick branches in a massive pine, roundish with little points on either side that are my elbows sticking out as they hold up binoculars. But there is no rea son for him to look for me, and he never has. It's a little spooky watching him boil water for tea in the same red and purple kettle I have at home. Of course the kettle is a coinci dence?a present from my sister, not something I bought myself? but coincidences definitely contribute to spookiness. When we do our laundry, we fold the tee shirts, then roll them up, because they look sort of cool that way and you can find them more easily in the drawer. Who else does that? Our favorite late night snack is spaghet ti with olive oil and red pepper flakes. We carry rocks home from the beach and stack them into cairns in the corner of the living room. We have prints of Tibetan tankas on the wall, we like maps, blue bed sheets, certain shades of purple and dark green. I look at his book shelves and half my books are already there. I'm almost certain he's the one. But I've only been watching him for a month. This is so fast! I'm a little nervous.

Korean women’s clothing brand loyalty

To be a dominant company (in other words, a long‐term successful company), it is an enormous task to build brand loyalty, to reach brand loyal customers, and to give those customers’ product satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to identify clothing brand loyal customers regarding their buying behavior, self‐image, and demographics. Also, brand loyal customers’ post‐purchase outcomes based on clothing attributes were investigated. The questionnaire was based on a self‐administrated pilot study and included measuring brand loyalty, consumer decision making, and demographics. Data were from 328 questionnaires completed by adult women living in Seoul, Korea. The results showed that in purchasing tee shirts, 24.4 percent of the sample were brand loyal customers, 42.2 percent were brand loyal customers in purchasing trousers and 38.7 percent were brand loyal customers in purchasing jackets. The multiple discriminant analysis indicated several significant variables for profiling brand loyal customers and non‐brand loyal customers. High price, brand loyal customers and low/medium price, brand loyal customers significantly differed in post‐purchase satisfaction.

St. Francis at Ground Zero

During the first few days after the attack on the WorldTrade Center, each of us was caught, fixated on and by, one or many things—at times in a kind of Medusa's gaze. I was struck by a combination of tropes that at first seemed contradictory or utterly disparate but eventually seemed to have a certain mutual coherence. These turned on the repeated insistence by the television anchors (and other commentators) about how "mysterious" it was that these "terrorists" hated the United States so much. For the anchors and experts, of course, there was a dimension of cynical disingenuousness involved as they knew perfectly well many of the reasons United States foreign policy was detested in many places. Among the most sanctimonious was Dan Rather, crying about the Stars and Stripes, apparently having forgotten what he had covered as a young reporter in Vietnam and in Chicago. But after eight years of President Bill Clinton we have learned that the "new Democrats' are men of emotion who can combine a performance of affect with a calculus of interest that makes the term "staged" seem profoundly old-fashioned. Upon reflection, more intriguing were several sub-assumptions within these figures that have received less attention from the critics. They are: (1) that "hate" must be the motivation driving the actors; (2) that for many Americans it was indeed a total mystery that anyone would die for a cause. That these subassumptions [End Page 113] stand in contrast to the content of much of the patriotic narratives that flowed in the days after the attacks warrants investigation. First, it seems dubious to me that 'hate' is the affect at work. The surveillance videos taken at fast food restaurants of the high-jackers that have been shown in subsequent weeks do not seem to show men driven by "hate." Their affect—whatever it is—is not a simple passion. This work was years in the making. Need I add that these high-jackers were all men? Although representing gender relations in 'Islam' is a key activity of experts, exploring the homo-sociality of self-styled martyrs is perhaps too taboo a subject to be raised. Let us just note that the "Muslim brotherhoods" are the characteristic form that Islamic reform movements have taken in places such as Egypt. Although the gender relations imposed by the Taliban have been remarked on, their warrior bonding and betrayals have not been marked for praise or blame. The "hate/mystery" figure alternated in the media with—and was always contrasted to—the "heroic firefighter" figure. I have not talked with anyone who was not moved by the stoic dedication displayed by these men. I was. Although once the trope was stabilized, its Disney-fication set in rather rapidly: tee shirts and posters, screen savers and the rest. Although heroism was restricted to the few in the early days at ground zero, the United States is a consumer democracy and before too many weeks had passed consumption had been sanctioned officially as a patriotic act. Nonetheless, during the first days after the attack we were moved by actions that were simultaneous epic and simple in their exemplification of selflessness and devotion to a common task. These actions were memorable in the old Greek sense. However, the figure was thrown into a slightly different light for me by an account of the heroics of a certain "Father Michael." * What I describe here is from memory; I have not verified his name or the details because it is the memory that has stayed with me and it is that memory to which I seek to provide a form. Father Michael was a Franciscan monk. He and his brothers lived on Manhattan's East Side across the street from a firehouse. Father Michael ministered to these firefighters. When the emergency came, he went with them downtown. He died at the World Trade Center. A part of the funeral ceremony for Father Michael was telecast. The brother delivering...

Where She Came From: A Daughter’s Search for Her Mother’s History

Where She Came From: A Daughter’s Search for Her Mother’s History

Rating and Recognition of Peers' Personal Odors by 9-Year-Old Children: An Exploratory Study

Eighteen elementary school children assessed the pleasantness and perfumed aspect of familiar peers' odors, sampled through tee shirts worn without modification of hygienic habits. The participants were also requested to categorize the odors by sex and to recognize those of several target classmates varying in sex and socioemotional status (the participant's most preferred classmate vs. a mere acquaintance). The ratings of odors by familiar peers appeared consistent with those obtained from nonfamiliar peers and adults and varied according to the sex of wearer of the tee shirts. For the five categories of peers examined, as well as for the participants themselves, olfactory recognition was better than chance. Moreover, it was higher for the same-sex preferred peers than for the others only for the female perceivers. The results are discussed in terms of their behavioral relevance for peer relationships, focusing especially on (a) the relations between sex differences in odors and gender development and (b) the function of olfactory memory in the emotional regulation of friendships.

The Girl's Book of Math

THE GIRUS BOOK OF MATH/ Leslie Daniels WILDGIRL'S ADVICE ON HOW TO HEAL A BROKEN HEART: DANCE A LOT. Do anything that involves music so long as it doesn't involve musicians. Think of a rude name for your ex. How about Roughtrade? Think of borrowing fifty dollars from your roommate and offering it to your ex to let you piss on him. He needs the money. Your ex is in your body still so lose weight, almost every American can. Stop eating. You'll be one of those girls, those spare lines that own the city. The lines say to hell with food, to hell with eating, give me sex and art. Give me a cigarette. Touch me in a public place. Rub your knuckle between the legs of my jeans, there's lots of space. Laugh till you cry. Cry till you laugh. Get a motto. Send your ex an unsigned two-hundred-dollar check and this note: / know you are having money troubles. I would sign this if you let me urinate on you. As ever, Try these mottos: Go fast till it gets good, then slow down. Life is a drug, so boot it. Don't fall in love again yet, wait till you forget your ex's phone number, or six weeks, whichever comes first. Don't go to a therapist. Remember, you are vulnerable now and it's a bad time to get help, you could really get to depend on it. Think about if your uncle would lend you money, maybe five hundred dollars. Tell your uncle it's for rent. It is, you want to rent your ex for a degrading act. More mottos: Motion is everything. Avoid sentiment. Seek beauty in ugliness, at least nobody will bother you. Don't go to the movies. Movies try to sell you a shiny, stupid life. You have a life. Realize one day you don't want to piss on him, you want to want to piss on him. Call that Health. The Missouri Review · 47 "For thirty-two cents, a man in a blue uniform will not carry six inches of slightly soiled lace seven miles, but for forty-two cents he will," said Tina. She dropped a pair of pink underpants into a shoebox. The panties had been an early love token to Jerry, who returned them in an envelope that arrived marked "insufficient postage." Her roommate, Everardo, had given the postman a dime. The shoebox contained four mugs with TINA on them, several very large tee shirts and a pile of letters from Jerry that she had been trying to read to Everardo all morning. Ev was smoking a half-joint from the night before and sipping espresso from a tiny blue cup. He had suggested Tina clean house to help her over her broken heart. At least get rid of Jerry's old tee shirts, he said, I can smell them from the sidewalk. Ev believed in cleaning and ironing. He believed the world had only two kinds of people in it, the ones who made their beds and the others. Tina's bed was a loft in the room where they kept all their clothes. When he worked, Ev was a stylist for fashion shoots. When he slept home, it was on the couch in the living room. They called the couch "she," as in, "I'll sleep on her tonight." Since Jerry had dumped Tina, they never said "he" at all, everything male or just plain had become she. I have a wife, Jerry had told Tina last weekend, like he had just remembered it. Where? Tina wanted to know. Kutztown, I'm going back there. What? Tina said and she kept saying it for a week. It had been a long week. Tina spent a lot of it crying in the biology lab of the University of Pennsylvania where she worked. Her eyes stayed puffy. They went from morning pale and puffy to late afternoon red and puffy. Everardo was trying to help her rally. On the bathroom door he had drawn a chart. The X axis was time, and the Y axis was missing Jerry...

Closing the Circle: Yellow Ribbons and the Redemption of the Past

In explosion of public patriotism that accompanied 1991 Gulf War, most visible symbol of troop support was not Stars and Stripes--although flags were profusely evident--but a recently invented tradition, yellow ribbon. The practice of tying these mini-banners around trees had first surfaced during 1979-81 hostage crisis as a sign of sympathy for embassy victims of Iranian revolution. Its resuscitation ten years later, as nearly half a million troops flew to Middle East, symbolically linked U.S. civilian and military personnel not only to each other, but to a home front that viewed their endeavors with pride and foreboding.Ribbon display during Iran crisis can be traced to a Maryland woman, Penne Laingen, whose husband Bruce had been charge d'affaires at Teheran embassy and who, after its capture, edited a newsletter for hostage families. In a 1973 pop song, Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round Ole Oak Tree, a beribboned tree had symbolized a woman's fidelity to her imprisoned husband, and Laingen promoted idea in numerous speeches and newsletter columns. Ribbons quickly sprouted around country, and song itself acquired a patriotic sheen. As commiserative emblems, ribbons amply illustrated Hobsbawm and Ranger's (1988) observation that traditions are invented, in many instances, as salves for crisis.But if it was hostage crisis that sparked instant tradition, it took a more elaborate and desperate crisis--the war against Saddam Hussein--to develop its potential. Even before first bombs began to drop on Baghdad in January of 1991, yellow ribbons were being touted as symbols of national resolve, and country was awash in a virtual blizzard of satin and acetate (Collins 28). Lassoed trees weren't half of it. Homeowners hung ribbons on fences, flagpoles and doors, often in concert with seasonal emblems to create what Jack Santino (1992) has called folk assemblages. The business community, which had rallied to a national cause in 1930s by displaying blue eagles, now featured yellow bows in their windows and advertisements. Supermarkets their coupon inserts with supportive emblems and switched to yellow register tapes for duration of war. Newspapers and magazines ran ribbons up their mastheads. Local governments sprinkled them throughout municipal buildings and public spaces. Churches expressed their sympathy with Desert Storm troops, if not with their mission, by adding satin bows to seasonal wreaths under sign of cross. Florists incorporated yellow ribbons into their arrangements. Novelty companies produced yellow ribbon bumper stickers, decals, buttons, pins, gimme hats, tee shirts and coffee mugs. One need not be cynically Marxist to observe that, on home front, six-week war was a small-business bonanza (Ballen 14).Nor did yellowing of America come to a halt with February ceasefire. As Desert Storm troops began to trickle ribbons continued to advertise national solidarity. The tenor of bumper sticker philosophy moved from Kick ass to Welcome home, but yellow symbols remained as prominent as ever. An Archie comic book featuring story When Johnny and Jenny Come Marching Home Again was littered equally with yellow bows and traditional bunting. The United States Postal Service issued a stamp honoring those who served, with a slender ribbon snaking decoratively through its ads. Troops disembarking at Air Force bases were decorated with citizens' versions of campaign ribbon (Brosnan 12). In Austin, Texas, a July 4 salute to Texas troops--sponsored by mogul Ross Perot and billed modestly as the biggest celebration in history--included a project that would have turned artist Christo green: A San Antonio engineer wrapped Capitol building in yellow metal as part of a Texas-sized Operation Yellow Ribbon. Twelve months after Saddam Hussein cried uncle, a million ribbons still fluttered in breeze of a reborn America. …

A Nutrition Education Strategy

To provide an alternative to traditional renal diet education, a game, Renalotto, was developed at the New Britain General Hospital Dialysis Unit. The idea behind Renalotto was to find an activity that patients could identify with and take an interest in. To play Renalotto, patients had to have acceptable values for phosphorus, potassium, or interdialytic weight gain. Once the patient was deemed eligible, his or her name went into a drawing. There are different shifts of patients (three on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, and two on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday); one winner was drawn from each shift. Signs were placed in the patient waiting room and the unit's newsletter promoting Renalotto. The social worker, dietitian, and nurses all promoted Renalotto as well. Prizes were donated from various sources and included a handmade doll, a turkey, a clock, complimentary lunch in the hospital coffee shop, and tee shirts. Many patients took an active interest in Renalotto, and the game increased patient awareness of the role of diet in renal disease.

The Complexities of Acid Rain

In 1968, the Swedish Natural Science Research Council published a report by Svante Oden, Acidification of Air and Precipitation and Its Consequences on the Natural Environment. Six years later Charles V. Cogbill, Gene E. Likens, and F. Herbert Bormann alerted the North American scientific community to the existence of acidic precipitation. No public relations company could have possibly dreamed up a neater catchphrase. Acid rain conjured up images of tortured and destroyed landscapes, dissolving monuments, sterile lakes, the wheezing of asthmatics, and undrinkable water. Cartoonists had a field day, acid rain umbrellas and emblazoned tee shirts sold very well, newspaper editorials deplored, and environmentally conscious organizations took up their cudgels to give battle. The scientific community, too, was mobilized; ecologists, soil scientists, chemists, meteorologists, and civil engineers initiated research programs that are still a significant fraction of the scientific scene. Parliaments in Weste...