Technology Transfer Opportunities Research Articles

Peran Cost Recovery pada Sektor Minyak dan Gas Bumi dalam Mendorong Pembangunan Ekonomi Nasional

Cost Recovery is a vital element in production sharing contracts (PSCs) within the oil and gas sector, allowing contractors to recover costs incurred during exploration and production through revenues generated from oil and gas production. This mechanism has a direct impact on the sustainability of operations and the management of natural resources, which in turn plays a critical role in supporting the national economy.This study aims to analyze the role and contribution of the cost recovery scheme in enhancing Indonesia's economic development, focusing on optimizing state revenue, increasing both foreign and domestic investment, and promoting the development of sustainable energy infrastructure. The method used in this study is a literature review, which includes data from journals and published articles.The main findings of the study show that the cost recovery scheme not only functions as an instrument to ensure the sustainability of upstream oil and gas operations but also has a significant impact on other economic aspects. In the context of national economic development, this scheme contributes to increasing state revenue through taxes and royalties, creating jobs, and supporting local economic development in oil and gas-producing regions. Moreover, cost recovery opens up opportunities for technology transfer and enhances human resource capacity in the energy sector.

The Relationship Between Economic Integration, Economic Growth and High Technology: Eurasian Economic Integration and Turkey

Abstract Subject and purpose of work Economic integration is an extremely important institutional structure for countries in international trade, which is highly competitive, with the level of globalisation, innovation and communication technology. Materials and methods Economic integration, which leads to the formation of a resilient economic wall, such as risk sharing, increasing investment opportunities, free trade structure, technology transfer opportunities, common competitiveness against countries outside the union, began in the modern world with the Second World War, and examples began to be seen around the world in the 1990s when globalisation accelerated. The analysis was carried out using the Todo-Yamamoto method in the SPSS program. Results Due to its geopolitical position (both historical and geographical proximity to Europe, Asia and the Middle East), Turkey is in a more advantageous position than other countries in the world in terms of establishing or becoming economically integrated. However, Turkey’s history of economic integration has been rather unsuccessful. The fact that it has not made a sufficient contribution to the integration it has established or attempted to become a member of, and that it has become a unipolar rather than a multipolar integrator, means that it has not achieved sufficient efficiency in terms of international trade. For this reason, our study analyses Turkey’s relationship with Eurasian economic integration, with the idea that Turkey is striving for multipolar integration. In our study, the impact of the Eurasian Economic Integration’s foreign trade with Turkey on Turkey’s economic growth and exports of high-tech products was analysed with the Todo-Yamamoto Co-Integration Test in two periods, 2002-2015 and 2015-2022. Conclusions As a result of the analysis, it is found that Eurasian Economic Integration has a positive effect on Turkey’s economic growth and exports of high-tech products. In the light of the data obtained, it has been assessed that the expansion of economic integration relations with the EEE and the benefits to be derived from the membership relationship will contribute to both Turkey’s economic growth and its technological infrastructure.

A Review on Scaling Up Successful Agricultural Extension Techniques for Global Benefit

Agricultural extension services are important for enhancing agricultural productivity, food security, and rural development. Examination of future and research needs highlights the significance of innovative approaches and emerging technologies, such as digital agriculture, precision farming, artificial intelligence, blockchain technology, and biotechnology, in transforming extension services. These technologies offer the potential to optimize resource use, increase yields, and improve supply chain transparency. Comprehensive impact assessments, including randomized controlled trials and mixed-methods approaches, are essential for evaluating the effectiveness of extension programs and understanding their long-term impacts on productivity, food security, and livelihoods. Supportive policy development and advocacy efforts are crucial for creating an enabling environment that promotes innovation, collaboration, and sustainable practices. This includes establishing regulatory frameworks, providing financial incentives, and integrating extension services into national development plans. Cross-disciplinary research and international collaboration are key to addressing the complex challenges facing agriculture, fostering the exchange of knowledge and best practices, and enhancing the capacity of national extension systems. Interdisciplinary research teams and systems thinking approaches can provide comprehensive solutions to agricultural challenges, while international research networks and development assistance programs can facilitate the transfer of appropriate technologies and practices. South-South cooperation offers additional opportunities for knowledge exchange and technology transfer between developing countries. By addressing these future directions and research needs, agricultural extension services can effectively contribute to sustainable agricultural development, improved livelihoods for farmers, and greater resilience to climate change. This approach will ensure that extension services remain responsive to the evolving challenges and opportunities in the agricultural sector, ultimately promoting global food security and economic growth.

Implications of Foreign Direct Investment on SME Growth in Zimbabwe: A Case Study of Bulawayo Province

SMEs in Zimbabwe have withstood the test of time amidst economic decay experienced by the Zimbabwean economy for the past two decades. Since the adoption of progrowth policies in Zimbabwe FDI inflows have significantly increased overtime towards SMEs due because of their nurture to drive growth and economic competitiveness as well as navigating difficult economic landscapes. Therefore the paper investigates the implications of foreign direct investment on SME growth in Bulawayo. A qualitative research approach aligned with interpretivism research philosophy was adopted in this paper. The research subjects were selected using a convenient sampling technique. A total of 20 interviews were conducted with the managers and business owners of SMEs. The related challenges faced by SMEs in the Bulawayo metropolitan are increased competition, access to capital difficulties, skill and technology gaps, and regulatory and bureaucratic hurdles. The findings revealed that FDI plays a multifaceted role in shaping the SME landscape in Bulawayo metropolitan. The positive effects included opportunities for technology transfer, market expansion, improved infrastructure, capacity building, and training opportunities, and inclusion of the small and medium enterprises in supply chain integration. The study recommends a broader discussion with policymakers, business leaders, and other stakeholders to maximise the benefits of foreign direct investment on small to medium enerprises while mitigating its adverse effects.

Shifting the Crops Towards Artificial Intelligence: Challenges and Opportunities for Technology Transfer to Farmers

Shifting the Crops Towards Artificial Intelligence: Challenges and Opportunities for Technology Transfer to Farmers

Developing Affordable Cancer Therapeutics in Low and Middle Income Countries

Over half the world’s cancers occur in Low-and-Middle-Income-Countries (LMICs), where cancer is a neglected disease. Despite significant advances in systemic anticancer therapy, many of these treatments are simple not available to the majority of the world’s cancer patients. For example, immunotherapy has changed the treatment paradigm for many cancer patients in developed countries, significantly prolonging survival and maintaining patient quality of life but at a cost that is currently unaffordable for many public health systems and patients in LMICs. We urgently need better solutions to treat patients more effectively, humanely and equitably. Drug discovery and novel drug development takes on average 10-15 years to go from bench to bedside at an average cost of USD1 billion. Repurposing of 'old' drugs for new indications can shorten this pathway substantially with significant cost savings. One strong drug repurposing candidate is artesunate, an antimalarial derived from traditional Chinese medicine that also displays anticancer properties. This drug is currently the subject of our drug repurposing programme which includes a number of cancers relevant to Malaysian needs including colorectal cancer, cervical cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer and Acute Myeloid Leukaemia. Alongside drug repurposing, platform technologies such as molecular pharming – using plants to grow cancer drugs, in particular immunotherapies and targeted monoclonal antibodies can also reduce the cost of cancer drug development significantly. Malaysia has the opportunity to lead on healthcare priorities facing LMICs, creating reverse linkage collaborations between Muslim countries through entities such as the Islamic Development Bank (which now has a Center of Excellence for Science, Technology and Innovation) in Kuala Lumpur and local governments. This also represents opportunities for technology transfer and halal sector manufacturing. Collaboration is urgently needed between academia, clinicians, patient advocate groups, governments, non-governmental stakeholders, regulators and responsible pharma to ensure equitable access to affordable cancer therapeutics for patients globally.

National Blood Foundation 2021 Research and Development summit: Discovery, innovation, and challenges in advancing blood and biotherapies.

National Blood Foundation 2021 Research and Development summit: Discovery, innovation, and challenges in advancing blood and biotherapies.

Epidemic Protection and the Underwater Domain: A Mechanism in Common and an Opportunity for Technology Transfer.

Epidemic Protection and the Underwater Domain: A Mechanism in Common and an Opportunity for Technology Transfer.

Managing innovation ecosystems around Big Science Organizations

BSOs are large research organizations established purposefully to address fundamental and complex scientific research challenges that cannot be addressed in isolation by individual universities, research institutes, or even government agencies. Unlike universities and other national research institutes, BSOs are unique scientific organizations by virtue of their sheer size, level of complexity, and uncertainty with respect to the outcomes of research and development. BSOs involve large networks of suppliers and collaborators in science, government, and business, constituting a complex system with permeable boundaries that offer opportunities for technology transfer, knowledge accumulation, and business creation. Hence, BSOs are influential players within complex systems of innovation, learning, and business creation. Despite their important role for national and international economies as well as society at large, our current understanding of their management and impact is underdeveloped in both theory and practice. We know less about the challenges and opportunities for innovation and entrepreneurship in a context of changing economic, technological, and societal environments that arise in the broader ecosystem surrounding BSOs.To address this void of research, we made this special issue to focus on innovation and entrepreneurship around BSOs to create a richer foundation for future conceptual and empirical research on science management and innovation. The work included in this special issue offers some new insights regarding innovation and entrepreneurship in the context of BSOs. To embed these individual findings into existing research, we provide a comprehensive overview regarding innovation involving BSOs capturing the full picture of the fundamental issues in this regard. Thus, this introduction of the special issue offers an overview on the innovation ecosystem around BSOs as a common reference point for the fundamental mechanisms of innovation in relation to BSOs and relevant stakeholders.

The Role of Desorptive Capacity in the Relationship of Entrepreneurial Orientation - Open Innovation Performance: The Case of the Pharmaceutical Industry.

Open innovation is a young arena in research that is fascinating the attention of a growing number of scholars. However, there are not enough studies that investigate open innovation performance. The pharmaceutical industry with the most Research and Development (R&D) intensity has been targeted by this new paradigm. This study explores the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on open innovation performance, considering the mediating role of desorptive capacity, which is defined as the firm’s capability to recognize outward technology transfer opportunities and to facilitate it. We use structural equation modeling to examine the hypotheses on a dataset from 100 Iranian pharmaceutical manufacturers in 2018. The results of the study support our conceptual model. Our findings indicate that a firm’s entrepreneurial orientation and desorptive capacity have a positive effect on its open innovation performance. Moreover, desorptive capacity has a mediating effect in the relation of entrepreneurial orientation and open innovation performance. This denotes that our new model contributes to the concept of desorptive capacity in the context of open innovation.

A green expansion: China's role in the global deployment and transfer of solar photovoltaic technology

Chinese investment and technology will play an important role in meeting growing global demand for new low carbon energy infrastructure, and Chinese companies are increasingly looking outward for market development opportunities. This outward expansion is directly connected to larger trends within China to promote overseas investments, primarily through the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Using an original dataset comprised of trade data and firm level data from primary source material and expert interviews, we examine the means by which Chinese companies are deploying solar energy technology abroad, and assess the potential of these activities to facilitate technology transfer to China's trading partners. We find that Chinese solar photovoltaic (PV) firms are primarily engaging in downstream activities overseas, along with some manufacturing activities, and minimal upstream activities. We also find that there are opportunities for technology transfer within all segments of the solar value chain characterizing overseas activities. Therefore, even as the majority of China's solar activities abroad are in the downstream segments of solar product sales and project development, there are still opportunities for South-South transfer of solar photovoltaic technology within these activities. Chinese companies are reaching a broad consumer base in emerging and developed markets through the export of solar panels, manufacturing bases, and services, causing a shift in the traditional models of technology transfer flows. As China will continue play a large role in deploying solar technology abroad in the coming years, its partners must continue to engage with China to build a deeper and stronger capacity for sustainable development.

Renewable energy technologies: patent counts and considerations for energy and climate policy in Brazil

ABSTRACT Renewable energy technologies (RETs) are a key solution to help countries overcoming problems associated with energy insecurity, energy shortage, depletion of fossil fuels, increasing energy demand and in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Research, development and innovation (R, D& I) have been fundamental for nations to own, adapt, deploy and diffuse RETs, and therefore, to capture the related social, economic and environmental benefits. This article uses patent data to evaluate the Brazilian outputs regarding R&D&I in wind energy, solar photovoltaic, hybrid and electric vehicles and biofuel areas. This investigation also includes a diagnosis of the diffusion of these technologies, as well as institutional and policy factors related to RETs in Brazil. The assessment shows that R, D& I efforts in most of the RETs areas are weak and the country would benefit from increased investment in the development of specific RETs, and also from technology transfer opportunities. Despite a huge potential to capture benefits related to enhancing non-conventional RETs in transportation and in the power sector, the lack of planning and investments to foster R, D&I tends to reduce energy affordability in the long run and would also lead to higher dependence on fossil fuels in the future.

Geospatial Technology Transfer Opportunities, and a Case Study of the Taghreed System

Geospatial Technology Transfer Opportunities, and a Case Study of the Taghreed System

Using Earth Observations to Help Developing Countries Improve Access to Reliable, Sustainable, and Modern Energy

In this review paper, the authors identify priority areas and opportunities for electric utilities in developing and emerging economies to incorporate Earth observation (EO) data into rural electrification planning, renewable energy resource assessment, distributed generation, grid operation and reliability, and disaster risk reduction and recovery efforts. Using a methodological framework, the authors conducted a comprehensive literature review of primary and gray literature. This paper reviews the many existing applications for EO data, such as the use of nighttime lights imagery for estimations of rural electrification, EO-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) products for vegetation monitoring for overhead transmission line management, solar radiance data for renewable energy project planning, and nowcasting for extreme weather events and other disaster monitoring. These and other applications can enhance energy security through improved access to modern and reliable electricity, renewable energy management, and disaster risk assessment in developing nations, paving the way for more sustainable social and economic development. Real-world examples of EO data use by utilities in developing and emerging economies, as well as barriers and opportunities for EO technology transfer, are discussed. Recommendations for stakeholder engagement, future EO training opportunities, and human capacity building are also presented.

Technology Transfer and the Promotion of Technical Skills from Japan to Southeast Asia: Case Study of Vietnam

In this era of globalization, technology transfer is widely regarded as a significant vehicle by which developing countries can both acquire technologies and develop human resources. Also, the skills level of employees has been identified in playing a critical role in making technology transfer effective. Japan is one of the largest investors in Vietnam. Japanese foreign direct investment (FDI) projects that are large in terms of investment capital and concentrate in high technology industries, are predicted to continue to increase and they offer the promise of new employment and technology transfer opportunities for Vietnam and its people. However, the lack of a skilled labor force in Vietnam, especially in the manufacturing industry, has currently impeded the transfer of technologies from Japan to Vietnam. Human resource development in general and technical skill promotion in particular are critical requirements for Vietnam to take advantage of technology transfer.This paper attempts to evaluate the current situation of technical skill levels of employees in the Vietnamese manufacturing industry, as well as technology transfer from Japan to Vietnam through Japanese FDI manufacturing firms. In addition, this paper introduces the current policies and strategies of the Vietnam government in relation to technology transfer issues. It is suggested in this paper that bridging the huge gap between Japanese technical standards and the Vietnamese workforce’s technical skills definitely requires the crucial role of the Vietnamese government. The author then provides some recommendations for the government to adopt in order to upgrade technical skill levels to effectively adopt and utilize technologies transferred from Japan in the manufacturing industry.

Developing Capabilities in Mozambique's Food Processing Sector - The Role of South African Food Processing Firms and Supermarket Chains

Food processing is a high value-added sector which brings opportunities for long-term employment, skills development and technology transfer. This paper considers the potential for developing Mozambique’s food processing industry for the purpose of enhancing the country’s industrial landscape. With local value addition being relatively weak in Mozambique and, given a sizeable presence of South African multinationals that are investing and trading in the food sector, there are opportunities to create dynamic linkages for the accumulation of productive capabilities for mutually beneficial industrialisation strategies. While more coherence amongst existing initiatives undertaken by the government of Mozambique is required, a variety of initiatives to develop the capabilities of local suppliers need to be developed for a broader regional industrialisation agenda.

China in Africa’s telecom sector: opportunities for human capital development? A case of Huawei in Nigeria

ABSTRACTThe inflow of Chinese investments into Africa’s telecom sector presents opportunities for skill building and technology transfer, and African governments through their policy measures and actions can maximize these opportunities. This article examines how Chinese investments in Africa have contributed to human capital development (HCD) and what role the government has played in leveraging these investments. Analysing data from a case study of Huawei in Nigeria, the study finds that Chinese enterprises operating in Africa are well placed to contribute significantly to skill building and technology transfer. However, their efforts need to be supported by government policies, which are important for HCD. This article contributes to the emergent literature on Chinese economic engagement in Africa and its implications for HCD in Africa. Moreover, it provides an insight into the role of government policy in HCD in Africa.

ORGANISATIONAL CAPABILITIES FOR TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER: A STUDY OF R&D-INTENSIVE FIRMS IN GERMANY

This paper empirically investigates the performance effects of organisational capabilities for technology transfers, i.e., external technology acquisition and commercialisation, as well as the effect of cross-functional integration of departments involved in technology transfers. We study large, German R&D-intensive companies from the machinery, chemical/pharmaceutical, and electronic and semiconductor industries. Identification and realisation were identified as the two major capabilities required for both external technology acquisition and commercialisation. We found that the respective capabilities for technology transfer realisation have a significant positive effect on technology transfer performance, but the capabilities to identify technology transfer opportunities do not. There is no significant effect from organisational capabilities for external technology acquisition on outward technology transfer performance and vice versa. For cross-functional integration, a significant effect was only found for informal integration on external technology acquisition performance.

Building Sustainable Development through Technology Transfer in a Romanian University

To improve university and commercial ties with industry, many universities operate a technology transfer office (TTO) as a vehicle to support the creation of spin-off companies. Run effectively, the TTO can define roles and responsibilities, structures and processes that support the creation and development of new ventures. The challenge for universities is to create TTOs with the right skill set. This paper aims to analyze the TTO activities to support transforming research outputs into commercialization in the context of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine from Cluj-Napoca, Romania (UASVMCN). Throughout this paper, different commercialization channels, the roles of technology transfer offices and multiple associative structures are further discussed with a special focus on agricultural open innovations and technologies. This study contributes to sustainable development of both Academia and agricultural Industry research, development and commercialization activities by illustrating current innovation and technology transfer activities produced by UASVMCN and its own TTO as a catalyst entity, a new model in Romania, so that the Academia-TTO-Economy partners association draw a functional and productive triple helix. In order to assess the sustainability of using the above-mentioned TTO, the methodological tools involving analysis are implemented. Finally, this paper states that correct operating of a university TTO is a real opportunity for technology transfer, both from the perspective of an alternative to research funding or entrepreneurship, and from the cultural perspective of the university correlation to the current trends in research, innovation and technology transfer, on a unique and entrepreneurial European market.

A Novel Approach to Innovation Platforms: Symbiotic On/Off Spaces, Cross-Industry Sponsor

To adapt to fast-changing industrial disruption, Airbus Defence and Space and Airbus Operations recently developed a novel approach to innovation platforms. Drawing inspiration from the established models of corporate accelerators, it brings about two unprecedented novelties. One is the creation of two complementary innovation spaces working in symbiosis: an internal space (on-site) aimed at fostering incremental innovation, with a strong focus on hardware and processes; and an external space (off-site, centrally located) aimed at fostering disruptive innovation through exposure and support to ideas and models coming from other industries, academics, the start-up scene, and the general public. These spaces are interconnected, providing the right balance of corporate skills support and creative solutions for societal and industrial good. The other novelty is the first-ever combination of the space and aerospace competencies as part of the same innovation platforms. An equal share of support is provided by the relevant Airbus parties, bringing new opportunities for technology transfer, synergies, and new business model generation. This requires the alignment of stakeholders' interests, the definition of a common process, governance scheme, and funding mechanism. This model is being tested at the site of Bremen, Germany, with potential further development across other Airbus sites in Europe and has already allowed the generation of innovation.