Technology Transfer Activities Research Articles

Managing institutional conflicts: Stakeholder accounts of communication between conflict of interest and technology transfer offices.

There have been repeated calls for academic institutions to develop policies and procedures to manage institutional conflicts of interest (ICOI) arising from technology transfer activities. While prior research has examined adoption of ICOI policies by medical schools and universities, little is known about how these institutions handle ICOI in practice, hindering the development of evidence-based recommendations to improve ICOI management. To address this gap, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 25 senior administrators responsible for research integrity and conflict of interest issues at academic institutions. Data were analyzed using a descriptive qualitative content analysis approach, combining flexible coding to index the interview data with close examination, interpretation, and synthesis of coded content. Participants identified communication and information sharing between conflict of interest (COI) and technology transfer (TT) offices as a critical factor in the effective management of ICOI and suggested several strategies to strengthen coordination between these offices. These findings suggest that academic research institutions could strengthen COI programs by taking measures to improve communication and information sharing between COI and TT offices.

Трансфер технологий как фактор инновационного развития АПК

The relevance of the study is increasing, firstly, in connection with the well-known geopolitical events that caused the aggravation of the problem of import substitution, and secondly, the activation of the "Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Agriculture for 2017-2030," which clearly sets the task of creating conditions for the interaction of business and science. "Technology transfer" becomes a direct link between them, as well as a conductor and translator of the achievements of fundamental and applied research. "Transfer" by authors means "the introduction or phased transfer with copyright of intellectual property (product) throughout the life cycle with state and (or) municipal financial, legal and other support. It is indicated that the existing technology transfer centers in the agro-industrial complex, formed by regional universities, cannot cope with the functions assigned to them. The use of digital and technological platforms as well as ecosystems is discussed. The problem of risks that occur in the interactions of participants with each other and with system coordinators is raised. The features of the modern "technology transfer" associated with the presence of negative factors and "barriers" are taken into account. It is proposed to use institutional analysis and fuzzy cognitive modeling. The terminology for assessing the "innovation potential" of an agricultural organization, the "level of innovation activity" and others is analyzed. The term "organization's readiness for innovative development" is proposed. The need is expressed for greater involvement in the sphere of "technology transfer" of development institutions, as well as the use of "innovative vouchers." The "field" of technology transfer activities such as public-private partnerships (PPPs) is being substantiated. A scheme is proposed for the formation, transfer, commercialization and scaling of advanced production technologies. A universal transfer mechanism has been developed not only for technologies, but also for other products of intellectual activity. The results of the functioning of the existing transfer of developed advanced production technologies are demonstrated, it is argued that the introduction of the developed mechanism of "technology transfer" will help accelerate the pace of innovative development of the agro-industrial complex.

Industrial adoption of machine learning techniques for early identification of invalid bug reports

Despite the accuracy of machine learning (ML) techniques in predicting invalid bug reports, as shown in earlier research, and the importance of early identification of invalid bug reports in software maintenance, the adoption of ML techniques for this task in industrial practice is yet to be investigated. In this study, we used a technology transfer model to guide the adoption of an ML technique at a company for the early identification of invalid bug reports. In the process, we also identify necessary conditions for adopting such techniques in practice. We followed a case study research approach with various design and analysis iterations for technology transfer activities. We collected data from bug repositories, through focus groups, a questionnaire, and a presentation and feedback session with an expert. As expected, we found that an ML technique can identify invalid bug reports with acceptable accuracy at an early stage. However, the technique’s accuracy drops over time in its operational use due to changes in the product, the used technologies, or the development organization. Such changes may require retraining the ML model. During validation, practitioners highlighted the need to understand the ML technique’s predictions to trust the predictions. We found that a visual (using a state-of-the-art ML interpretation framework) and descriptive explanation of the prediction increases the trustability of the technique compared to just presenting the results of the validity predictions. We conclude that trustability, integration with the existing toolchain, and maintaining the techniques’ accuracy over time are critical for increasing the likelihood of adoption.

A Multi-Criteria Assessment Model for Cooperative Technology Transfer Projects from Universities to Industries

Cooperative Technology Transfer (CTT) is a technology transfer model where universities and enterprises jointly participate throughout the entire process of technology transfer activities. Most discussions focus on its mechanisms and influencing factors, yet a framework to guide CTT projects in practice is still lacking. This study proposes an assessment model based on the life-cycle of CTT projects, covering the initial cooperation relationship, project management during the mid-term, and technological achievements at the end. The model was evaluated by 14 experts first and then validated through two CTT projects in China. Gray Relation Analysis was employed to calculate the weights of different factors based on their relative importance, while the Dempster–Shafer theory was utilized to combine evidence from various sources and address the uncertainty in the assessment. The results of the case analysis indicate that the attitudes of universities and enterprises are considered critical in influencing the success of CTT projects, while management issues that arise during the projects can pose potential risks. This research serves as an applied exploration and has three functions. Firstly, the model can be used as a feasibility study before the project commences. Secondly, it can be utilized to analyze and improve potential issues during the project. Finally, it can be used for a post-project experience summary.

Mushroom Cultivators to Grow and Develop with Oyster Mushroom Cultivation Business in Perumnas Belimbing Kelurahan Kuranji Sub-District

The Belimbing Residential Area, which is densely populated and located near the market, has the potential to absorb the production of the Belimbing Youth Group's mushroom cultivation activities. However, since mushroom cultivation activities are still relatively new, the group needs help independently providing 100% mushroom-growing media (baglog) and seedling production.. The fresh oyster mushrooms they produce must be marketed immediately as they quickly spoil, and their quality decreases if stored for too long. Additionally, the need for knowledge in the post-harvest processing of oyster mushrooms is also a hurdle in developing the mushroom cultivation business of the Belimbing Youth Group. The primary objective of the community service activity is to enhance the abilities and experience of the Belimbing Youth Group in producing and processing mushroom cultivation products to create higher economic value. Initial outreach activities will focus on oyster mushroom seedling production and processing products, training on product processing and packaging techniques, entrepreneurial coaching, and further guidance, all forming part of technology transfer activities to the Belimbing Youth Group. In the first year, counselling and training on oyster mushroom seedling production, construction of a sterilization room, manufacture of baglog sterilization equipment, and repair of mushroom house (kumbung) were carried out. Training activities for producing F0 and F1 oyster mushroom seedlings and making baglog sterilization equipment with a capacity of 100 baglogs have impacted the independence of the Belimbing Youth Group in providing seedlings and baglog for oyster mushrooms. A sterilization room and repaired kumbung support the success of seeding and increasing the yield of oyster mushrooms. The success of the activities in the first year is likely to be sustainable and support the following year's activities, which will focus on post-harvest processing activities, packaging, and marketing of processed products.

Historical technology transfer activities and productivity of NIDLRR grantees

ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the technology-related outputs from The National Institute of Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research (NIDILRR). We seek to answer the questions: What are the types and frequency of assistive technology (AT) technology transfer (ATTT) outputs from NIDILRR grants? How does NIDILRR’s ATTT generation compare to other granting organizations? What types of ATTT outputs occur, how, and what is the relative productivity of the most frequently funded universities and small businesses performing with funding by NIDILRR grants? An online search was conducted for indications of ATTT from grants funded from 1983–2021 through publicly available databases, the National Rehabilitation Information Center (NARIC), and the internet. This data was then categorized across relevant output types and analyzed. NIDILRR funded 662 organizations and 951 different investigators from 1983 to 2021. The NIDILRR-funded portfolio includes 6,996 papers, 438 informational websites, 163 patents, 120 software products, and 29 hardware products. Compared to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), NIDILRR produced slightly more products per dollar. Our results highlight the substantial portfolio of technology-related outputs generated with NIDILRR funding and demonstrate how productivity measures can be calculated to guide future funding strategies.

PROJECT-BASED LEARNING: THEORETICAL OVERVIEW AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS FOR LOCAL INNOVATION-BASED DEVELOPMENT

The aim of this paper is to summarise and present the main features of project-based learning (PjBL) within innovation-based development. Methodology. The methodology of this study involves the use of PjBL as an educational and technology transfer tool. In an educational context, it uses a structured approach where students identify real-world problems, conduct research, develop projects, collaborate on their implementation, and reflect on their experiences to deepen learning and develop critical thinking. PjBL application scenarios cover a variety of disciplines, including STEM education, social sciences, business and humanities, enabling students to apply knowledge and skills to solve real-world problems. In the field of technology transfer, a similar PjBL principle is applied to facilitate the transfer of research innovations for practical application. This involves collaborative partnerships, technology assessment, prototyping, market validation, licensing or commercialisation, fostering innovation and translating research into tangible societal benefits. This study aims to demonstrate the effectiveness and versatility of PjBL as a transformational methodology in both the educational and technology transfer contexts. Practical implications. PjBL encourages active, experiential learning where participants interact directly with real-world problems. This hands-on approach fosters a deeper understanding of concepts and encourages innovation by allowing participants to apply theoretical knowledge in practical scenarios. PjBL can have a long-term impact on innovation by fostering a mindset of lifelong learning and continuous improvement. The skills and experiences gained through PjBL can help people become innovative thinkers and problem solvers who will contribute to positive change in their industries and local communities. Value/Originality. It is substantiated that PjBL allows participants to immerse themselves in real problems or scenarios relevant to technology transfer. By working on projects that simulate the challenges faced in the transfer process, participants gain a deeper understanding of the complexities and develop practical skills that can be directly applied in technology transfer activities.

Innovative strategy for enhancing nature-based solutions during climate technology transfer process

Recently, Nature-based Solutions (NbS) have increasingly been regarded as a new opportunity to maximize the synergies between nature, society, and the economy. In addition, especially for policymakers and practitioners engaged in climate technology transfer activities from developed to developing countries, this concept is promoted as a cost-effective, agile, and innovative way of tackling various climate challenges to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs). Thus, in the present work, to enhance NbS as an innovative implement during the climate technology transfer, we first analyze previous NbS cases during the technical assistance activities for some SDGs accomplished by the United Nations Climate Technology Centre and Network (CTCN), such as coastal risk protection (to maximize ecosystems, Type 1), agroforestry (to restore ecosystems, Type 2) and green urban design (to create ecosystems, Type 3). Then, through in-depth interviews with NbS stakeholders, we identify dominant barriers to implementing each NbS Type in terms of innovation element: technology, market, and regulation. Finally, based on our staged innovation model considering the two-sided networks, we propose novel strategy for enhancing NbS by overcoming each barrier during the three stages of the climate technology transfer process: NbS technology assessment in the first eco-maximizing stage, blended finances for market creation in the second eco-restoring stage, and regulation incentivization in the third eco-creating stage.

University patent litigation in the United States: Do we have a problem?

In an attempt to increase revenues from patenting activities, some universities have started in recent years to pursue “overzealous” strategies to monetize their existing patents, by selling them to the highest bidder and enforcing them in court. In this paper we find quantitative evidence that patent litigation has an adverse effect on university technology transfer activities, reinforcing prior findings by Shane and Somaya (2007). However, we empirically show that universities do not litigate aggressively over patent infringement: not only do they litigate much less than patent assertion entities (PAEs), but we also observe no increase in terms of their propensity to litigate over the last two decades. Nor do we find any evidence of aggressive litigation strategies.

Using clustering to predict the effectiveness of innovative environmental protection technologies

The article examines the role of innovations in the development of the national economy. The dynamics of budgetary financing of strategic priorities of innovation and technology transfer activities in Ukraine for 2019-2021 is analyzed. The priorities, the support of which is increasing annually, and the priorities where funding is decreasing, are identified. It is proposed to carry out a predictive assessment of innovative projects using the clustering procedure. The implementation of the proposal is highlighted on the example of innovative developments in the strategic priority area "Widespread use of cleaner production technologies and environmental protection". A point system for expert evaluation of the planned scientific results of the innovation and the scientific potential of the performers is shown. The indicators that have the greatest impact on the forecast efficiency are identified. The results of clustering of innovative developments according to certain indicators are presented. The statistical indicators of average scores in each cluster are analyzed. Significant differences between the clusters have been determined using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test. The carried out clustering provides reasonable recommendations on the feasibility of financing an innovative project based on predictive expert assessments.

다자간환경협정상의 역량강화 및 기술이전에 관한 연구

Environmental problems of a global nature, such as climate change, are urgent challenges that pose a threat not only to developing countries but also to developed countries. Therefore, in order to effectively implement Multilateral Environmental Agreements(MEAs), developed countries must take the lead and also support developing countries. Supporting developing countries that are having difficulty implementing the agreement is an essential elements as it determines the success or failure of the treaty.
 In order to effectively implement MEAs, it is necessary to establish a system to support developing countries to fulfill the environmental obligations they have accepted through technical and financial support. In particular, the international community needs to provide support to countries (mainly developing countries) that agree to the conclusion of treaties to solve specific environmental problems but do not have or lack the capacity to solve them.
 There are a number of means to support effective implementation of MEAs. Main means include financial support, technology transfer, and capacity building activities for developing countries. Looking at recent trends, provisions related to strengthening the implementation capacity of developing countries through technology transfer and financial support are gaining an important place in MEAs. Without appropriate capacity building and technology transfer, it is difficult to effectively achieve the main objectives of the relevant international environmental agreement. From this perspective, capacity building and technology transfer are essential elements for effective implementation of international environmental agreements.
 In the 2015 Paris Agreement, a treaty structure that stipulated technology transfer and capacity building in stand-alone provision(article) emerged, and in the BBNJ Agreement concluded in 2023, content related to capacity building and technology transfer was grouped into a separate chapter(Part). It has an impressive treaty structure, stipulating a total of seven articles. Capacity building and technology transfer form part of the global environmental governance architecture established by the relevant MEAs.
 In this article, I analyze the relevant provisions of major MEAs, focusing on capacity building through technology transfer for effective implementation of MEAs. First, we analyze regulations related to capacity building and technology transfer, focusing on the Convention on Biological Diversity and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which deal with biodiversity and climate change, which are the most important issues in the international environmental field in the 21st century. Next, I examine the structure and content of the capacity building and technology transfer provisions of the BBNJ Agreement, which was recently adopted in 2023, as the treaty with the most impressive capacity building and technology transfer provisions. The structure and content of the capacity-building and technology transfer provisions of the BBNJ Agreement, which can be evaluated as a model for desirable capacity-building and technology transfer-related regulations in the future, will also have a significant impact on the UN Plastic Treaty, which is expected to be concluded as a new international environmental agreement.

Transfer Teknologi Pengayaan Bibit Rumput Laut Yang Dibudidayakan Dengan Keramba Jaring Apung

Inappropriate cultivation methods and a decrease in the quality of seaweed seeds are some of the obstacles in seaweed production. Technology transfer activities through community service programs aim to provide learning to seaweed farmers on how to enrich seaweed seeds with bionic fertilizer and then cultivate them using the floating net cage method. The activity was carried out on August 24-25, 2022 at the Main Base Command Headquarters of the Indonesian Navy VII Kupang. The method used was a participatory empowerment approach involving seaweed farming communities with counseling and dissemination. Seaweed cultivation with the floating net cage method showed higher absolute growth, relative growth and daily growth rate compared to the longline method, which were 11.91 ± 0.69 g day-1, 0.032 ± 0.002 g g-1 day-1 and 3.14 ± 0.17% day -1, respectively. While in the longline method, it was 9.48±1.81 g day-1, 0.027±0.004 g g-1 day-1, and 2.65±0.43% day -1, respectively.

The Interaction between the Investment Behavior of Transnational Corporations and the International Political and Economic System

With the development of economic globalization and world modularization, more and more economic activities transcend national boundaries, making the connection between the organic economic whole formed through foreign trade, capital flow, technology transfer and other activities become closer. Transnational Corporations (TNCs) come into being in this context, making the global convergence trend of the economies of the world in production, distribution, exchange and consumption links more obvious. Because TNCs usually conduct economic activities in two or more countries, their strong economic power will inevitably affect the economic, political, cultural and social life of the country. On the one hand, the investment and business behavior of TNCs will have a series of effects on the local economy of the host country, and in some economic fields, TNCs can even interfere with the political order of the host country. On the other hand, in the process of globalization, transnational corporations themselves will also be affected by the international political and economic situation.

Technology Transfer Assessment in Regional Business Contexts

This paper proposes a procedure for the organization of meetings between leaders of research groups and representatives of R&D&I departments in companies that is inspired by speed dating. The participating candidates were first assessed and selected based on their potential for an effective linkage in accordance with certain relevant variables taken from the literature on efficiency in technology and knowledge transfer activities. The process and findings of the application of this procedure were analyzed through the action research methodology in a real case, where 12 research groups and 55 companies participated in a pilot project fostered by the public authorities. Although meetings represent a common formula to promote collaboration between universities and industry, very few academic papers have analyzed the appropriate procedures for the organization of such meetings, which could help organizers not only to achieve the best interaction possible but also to improve the matching between a research group and the companies that are potentially interested in forming a stable collaboration for sustainable transfer activities. The results show that this procedure allows research groups to efficiently achieve first contact with companies in order to assess the potential for more lasting and sustainable collaboration.

Intellectual property coordinators' cohorts: A study into the imprints in university technology transfer

The primary aim of Technology Transfer Offices (TTOs) is to enhance technology transfers, resulting in the commercialization of science. Technology transfer has typically been analyzed at the individual level of the core research staff or with the focus on the TTO as a whole, overlooking the fact that the university technology transfer is administered by intellectual property (IP) coordinators. This paper focuses on exposing a potentially crucial factor in technology transfer; the effects of cohorts based on imprinting. The imprinting theory implies that imprints are persistent and manifest themselves in the core activities of the IP coordinators' cohorts in the long term. We bring to light the effects of IP coordinators' cohorts on patenting and licensing, and test a conceptual model of inter-cohort variability. We analyze the patenting and licensing data of 18,393 patent cases and 845 licensed cases, handled by 63 IP coordinators. In combination with human resource data, we show that in the technology transfer process, IP coordinators’' cohorts matter. Using discriminant analysis, we demonstrate that some aspects of technology transfer activities are more typical for one cohort than the others. Variations between cohorts suggest that they are influenced by the prevailing practices inside the TTO at the time of hiring. Cohort patterns are also distinct in the two key technology transfer activities (patenting and licensing). Regression analysis shows that cohort effects remain resistant to erosion even when faced with subsequent changes as captured by organizational and individual time-period effects.

Barriers to Third Mission: organizational and individual antecedents

The fulfillment of the University’s Third Mission has led the university to become a key actor for social and economic development in its regions of influence through a much closer linkage with the different agents in its environment. Thus, the literature has highlighted both the benefits derived from the Third University Mission, the difficulties inherent in the process and the existence of various barriers that can hinder its consolidation in the academic environment. Within the framework of these studies, it has been possible to identify three types of barriers to adopting the third mission: process, researcher, and ally or partner. It is worth mentioning that most of the research developed to date has focused on the study of the impact of the barriers on the development of the Third Mission but not on the analysis of the factors that can influence or attenuate the perception of these barriers. This is surprising if one considers that identifying these factors is relevant in designing strategies to promote the University’s Third Mission. Therefore, this article aims to identify the factors that influence or attenuate the researcher’s perception of different types of barriers to developing Third Mission activities. The study was based on data from a survey applied to a sample of academics categorized in the National System of Science, Technology and Innovation of Colombia and linked to 6 higher education institutions in the Colombian Caribbean region. Binary logistic regression models were established to analyze the data obtained. The results obtained suggest that, in addition to the researcher's previous experience in the external sector, their perception of the existence of processes or support services provided by the university for the promotion of relationships with actors in the socioeconomic environment is important to mitigate the barriers perceived during the development of Third Mission activities, especially when these activities are located in the support for the management and execution of technology transfer activities. In particular, it was found that as the academic's perception of the policies and procedures, support activities, and the university's technology transfer capacity improves, the barriers of both the researcher and those associated with the process are dissipated. This implies that universities should advance in the institutionalization of the third mission and in strengthening the functions of promotion, advice and support, as well as promotion structures and thus be able to mitigate the perceived barriers to the development of the University’s Third Mission.

Penerapan Pengendalian dengan Agens Hayati Lokal untuk Solusi Permasalahan Serangan OPT pada Tanaman Padi Organik di Desa Bumi Agung, Tegineneng, Pesawaran

OPT problems are still a major obstacle to organic rice cultivation due to limited understanding and control skills. The aim of implementing community service activities is to provide additional skills and insight regarding OPT control technology with local biological agents to solve the problem of organic rice farming in Bumiagung village, Tegineneng, Pesawaran. Technology transfer activities regarding the application of control with local biological agents to solve the problem of pest attacks on organic rice plants were carried out in Bumiagung Village, Tegineneng, Pesawaran which were carried out in June - October 2022 to the Progressive Organic Farmers Community. The stages of the activity are carried out in stages through conducting surveys, providing material, pre-testing, training and mentoring, post-testing, monitoring, and evaluation at the end of the activity. Before the activity begins, a survey is carried out to analyze conditions and problems and analyze the solutions needed for these problems. Farmers need to gain more knowledge and skills in managing pests that attack their land. The controls that are often used are vegetable pesticides and refugia. From the final evaluation results, the analysis shows that farmers realize that control with biological agents is effortless, inexpensive, and synergistic in supporting organic farming.

Ethics in Science, Technology and Innovation: Proposed regulation

Within the scope of the responsibility of promoting policies and legislation in the field of Science, Technology and Innovation (CTI) and the materialization of its Action Plan of the Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Technology and Innovation (MESCTI), a proposal for a General Code is presented of Ethics in Science, Technology and Innovation (CGECTI). This proposal arises from the need to fill gaps in the legislation on ethics in science and technology and was created with a view to presenting the general principles of ethics in carrying out Scientific Research and Experimental Development, Technology Transfer and Innovation activities; to promote the monitoring of the application of ethical principles internationally established and applicable to the exercise of scientific research, in accordance with the Constitution of the Republic, International Conventions, National Policy on Science, Technology and Innovation, the Statute of the Career of Scientific Investigators in force and other applicable legislation; and contribute to the scientific affirmation of Angola in the context of nations. Likewise, the aforementioned code proposal should consider principles and elements such as transversality, compatibility, definitions, supervision, honesty, integrity, training and skills and security. The preparation of this code proposal was based on some bibliographic sources produced by UNESCO, OECD, the Republic of Mozambique and Higher Education Institutions. The proposal comprises seven chapters divided by object, scope and purpose; ethical principles; national ethics commission; scientific area ethical council; duties and rights; sanctions; and final provisions. The proposal highlights the creation of a plural national commission, involving sectors of the state, the private sector, academic and scientific institutions, professional associations and civil society, as well as the formation of ethics committees by scientific area. This proposal should be submitted to the actors of the National System of Science, Technology and Innovation for contributions.

Nghiên cứu khoa học và chuyển giao công nghệ tại trường Đại học Kỹ thuật - Công nghệ Cần Thơ

The objective of this study is to an assessment of the current situation of scientific research and technology transfer of scientific products at Can Tho University of Technology. The analysis results show that, in the period of 2019 - 2021, scientific research and technology transfer activities of the university’s lecturers take place regularly, with a variety of products such as articles published in domestic journals, International journals, scientific research topics at grassroots, district and city levels. Besides, technology transfer of scientific products in the university has also changed in three years and there have been positive changes. Thereby, a number of solutions are proposed to help improve scientific research activities and better transfer technology to scientific products.

Outsourcing university research commercialization to a sophisticated technology transfer office: Evidence from Australian universities

A better understanding of how university technology transfer can be effectively achieved is critical for increasing the impact of academic research and driving innovation and economic growth. Considering this and the rapidly growing public policy attention on university-generated technology transfer, we provide evidence on the effect of outsourcing commercialization tasks on technology transfer performance. Using both qualitative and data-driven methods, we find that universities which outsourced to an established tech-transfer office of another university saw a greater opportunity for academics to engage with research commercialization and experienced a short-term increase in the capture of new discoveries and provisional patent filings. However, with respect to the more popular indicators of successful commercialization, patent applications, granted patents, license deals, and start-ups created, we find no evidence of an increase. Post-outsourcing we see evidence of a sustained advantage in some technology transfer activities, indicating a learning effect from engaging with a more experienced tech-transfer office.