Technology Transfer Activities Research Articles

The entrepreneurial university and academics’ engagement in industry interactions

Based on the results from four samples of academics from four different European countries, this study reveals why some universities are more successful than others in terms of creating and keeping their links with industry. It suggests that it is just not enough to create an entrepreneurial environment within the university based on university-level regulations, but it is essential that academics perceive and accept the encouragement for entrepreneurial behaviour as well as recognise the benefits of technology and knowledge transfer activities.

Blended value and female entrepreneurial performance: social and economic aspects of education and technology transfer

We reviewed the literature on institutional forecasters of entrepreneurial action across international settings. Our objective was to explain variance in entrepreneurial venture performance based on gender, education, culture, and institutional resources of financing, technology transfer, and state policies. Our conceptual model subsumes various prior approaches to entrepreneurship. Our empirical examination is especially large and includes individual data (n = 198,384) from 69 different regional contexts captured by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. To examine institutional factors in the proper qualitative context, we utilized additional data from the National Experts Survey of Entrepreneurial Climate. We examined interactive effects with rigorous statistical analyses. Our research shows that, for female entrepreneurs, education moderates the effect of institutional factors on performance in general and of technology transfer activities in particular. Our study offers a powerful implication that education is vital to female entrepreneurs across cultures. Moreover, our study shows that technology transfer support is particularly important for females as it creates entrepreneurial opportunities that are uniquely actionable in gendered contexts.

Budidaya Jamur Tiram dan Olahannya untuk Kemandirian Masyarakat Desa

University of Riau with the fostered village program was conducted technology transfer activities on the cultivation of oyster mushrooms in the engagement. The purpose of engagement was to empower the community by cultivating oyster mushrooms and processing oyster mushrooms into products so that they could improve the welfare of Seko Lubuk Tigo village, Lirik District, Indragiri Hulu Regency, Riau Province. The methods used in this activity were: Workshop about The Cultivation of Oyster Mushrooms and Its Processed Products; Discussion of Various Problems and Solutions; Business Management and Product Marketing; Simulation and Evaluation. This Community Service is conducted from June to October 2019. The activity was carried out by involving community service program students of University of Riau as facilitators. The evaluation results of this activity indicated that the cultivation of oyster mushrooms and their preparations had a positive impact on the local community. The community was very responsive to this activity. The prospect of the oyster mushroom market still has considerable opportunities. The output of this activity was the community has been able to do oyster mushroom cultivation and processing. It also produced a reference book about the cultivation of oyster mushrooms.Keywords: baglog; cultivation; oyster mushroom; oyster mushroom’s products.

STATE POLICY FOR INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE TRANSFORMATION PERIOD: A SOCIO-ECONOMIC DIMENSION

This paper outlines the main approaches to understanding the concept of "innovation" and "innovation policy", and defines that today in scientific practice, two main models of innovation are identified: "innovative" and "catching up". We have determined that nowadays, it is important for Ukraine to move to an "innovative" model as soon as possible and to develop its own capacities. In order to achieve this, it is necessary to be on the same level with technically more developed western neighbors to function effectively in the new European political realities. This is extremely important for the further effective economic development of the state, on which its social sphere depends. That is why, the study and improvement of the state's innovation policy is being highlighted and updated today. For a better understanding of their own development opportunities, it is suggested to study the experiences of other countries that have already undergone similar stages of formation. In particular, the focus is on economic and technological development, which is the basis for innovation in all other areas. The paper presents a classification for the main types of state innovation policy of various countries according to Y. Kharchenko; defines the main features of the innovation policy in Ukraine and outlines the main guidelines for its further development. As a result of scientific literature analysis, it has been found that much has already been done for effective innovation development in Ukraine. Nevertheless, it is necessary to continue the work in this direction, including studying the experience of other countries, improving the regulatory framework, stepping up scientific and technological progress, economic development and reviewing the main strategic goals of the state's innovation policy. Institutional and legal support of innovative activity in Ukraine is at the stage of formation, at the moment its main elements are created. However, the legal framework for regulating innovation processes in Ukraine requires expansion and improvement. The need to adopt a legislation on state regulation of technology transfer activities can be emphasized. The main effective mechanism for implementing the innovative model of economic development in Ukraine is the system of technological parks. The practice confirmed the high contribution of technological parks to the promotion of innovation activity at the regional level. All the above facts point to the rapid development of the state innovation policy in Ukraine, which is due to the relevance of this sphere of public administration for the countries that are still undergoing a transformational period.

Pengembangan mie sagu ikan aneka warna dan rasa di Desa Banglas Barat Kecamatan Tebing Tinggi Kabupaten Kepulauan Meranti

Kabupaten Kepulauan Meranti merupakan salah satu sentra produksi sagu dan ikan di Provinsi Riau bahkan ditingkat nasional. Mie sagu merupakan produk makanan unggulan daerah tersebut dengan komposisi proksimat kaya karbohidrat dan miskin protein. Tujuan kegiatan PKM ini adalah (1) untuk alih teknologi pengolahan mie sagu ikan aneka warna dan rasa, (2) memperkenalkan teknologi pengolahan mie sagu yang difortifikasi konsentrat ikan dan udang, dan (3) meningkatkan nilai gizi mie sagu ikan aneka warna dan rasa sebagai produk unggulan daerah. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode sistem pembelajaran partisipasi aktif dengan tahap: (1) Tahap persiapan, yakni melakukan pendekatan kepada mitra dan penjelasan tujuan melaksanakan kegiatan PKM. (2) Tahap pelaksanaan, yaitu memberikan penyuluhan dan pelatihan kepada Mitra. Alih teknologi yang diberikan adalah pengolahan mie sagu ikan aneka warna dan rasa, selanjutnya dilakukan pendampingan selama satu bulan yang diakhiri tahap evaluasi kegiatan. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah kegiatan telah berlangsung dengan baik, dan mitra telah mendapat pengalaman langsung dalam alih teknologi produksi pengolahan mie sagu ikan aneka warna dan rasa. Kegiatan ini telah mampu memberikan pencerahan dan wawasan kepada mitra tentang pengembangan produk dan usaha. Kegiatan transfer teknologi menghasilkan respon peserta penyuluhan dan pelatihan khalayak sasaran dengan kategori 90%sangat membantu dan 10% dapat membantu.

Conceptualization And Measurement Of University Technology Transfer Office Efficiency As A Formative Construct

Although many universities have established Technology Transfer Office (TTO), there is no consensus in the literature that TTO has been successful in promoting academic entrepreneurship. Inhomogeneity of TTO services across different universities results in an inconsistent relationship between TTO formation and the rate of technology transfer activities. The TTO efficiency has been mostly researched based on the objective measures. However, far too little attention has been paid to explore the perception of academic entrepreneurs on the degree to which TTO has been efficient in greasing the wheels of their technology transfer pursuit. This paper aims to conceptualize TTO efficiency as a formative construct and to validate the proposed measurement model using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The empirical results confirmed the absence of collinearity while validity was established using a modified multitrait–multimethod (MTMM) matrix analysis. Furthermore, the indicators’ weights revealed which constituent services provided by TTO benefit academic entrepreneurs the most. This study contributes new insights into academic entrepreneurs' perception towards the effectiveness of TTO services that further pave a way for the university to prioritize improvement measures.

University-industry technology transfer within the context of RIS3 North of Portugal

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper is to assess stakeholders’ perceptions on the implementation of the smart specialization strategy (RIS3) in the North of Portugal, with a particular focus on technology transfer (TT) activities between 2014 and 2017. A qualitative methodology was followed through semi-structured interviews applied to the actors in the region based on the eight priority domains of RIS3 North of Portugal. Data analysis was performed using Iramuteq software. Our results suggest that the stakeholders’ perception of the fitness of the RIS3 defined for their region does not match with the RIS3 defined by the policy makers. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the real perception of universities and industry on TT in the context of RIS3 and the need for ongoing evaluation and adjustments of RIS3 priority domains by policy makers to address them to the real necessities of the industry/market.

Strategic choice in universities: Managerial agency and effective technology transfer

Current theorising about the contingencies underpinning the effectiveness of university technology transfer has emphasised the importance of organisational support, namely the scale of Technology Transfer Office (TTO) support and the provision of incentives. Empirical results pertaining to the effects of these organisational supports are mixed. More recently, academic research and policy reviews have highlighted the potential significance of the strategic choices made by university managers in contributing to the effectiveness of technology transfer activity. Our research attempts to reconcile these two streams of technology transfer research by drawing on Child’s strategic choice theory as an integrating framework. Through operationalising a strategic choice framework and drawing upon data from 115 UK universities (collected through multiple waves of the HE-BCI Survey), this research shows that supporting organisational infrastructure is necessary but not sufficient to account for improved technology transfer effectiveness. Specifically, it highlights the key mediating role of strategic choice, suggesting that it is the alignment between strategic choices made by university managers and the supporting organisational infrastructure that accounts for variations in technology transfer effectiveness. Furthermore, we find the mediation relationship between strategic alignment and technology transfer effectiveness is moderated by the breadth of strategic planning efforts, with those universities that engage a wider number of faculty in strategic planning efforts benefiting most from the alignment between strategic choices and supporting organisational infrastructure.

Patent management by universities: evidence from Italian academic inventions

Over the past 20 years, European universities have increased their propensity to retain title of their faculty’s inventions, but evidence on the value of such patents is at best mixed. Based on a longitudinal sample of Italian academic patents (patents over faculty’s inventions), assigned either to universities or firms, we find that the lower value of university-owned patents, versus firm-owned ones, is owing to lower Technological Importance of the inventions and less effective Exploitation of the related patents. Lack of experience in managing patented inventions explains our results for Technological Importance, but not for Exploitation. Both are unrelated to the presence of a technology transfer office. Our study suggests caution in pushing universities to expand their patent portfolios and in using university-owned patents as indicators of technology-transfer activities.

Modernizing federal technology transfer metrics

Nearly 40 years ago Congress laid the foundation for federal agencies to engage in technology transfer activities with a primary goal to make federal laboratory research outcomes widely available. Since then, agencies generally rely on universal metrics such as licensing income and number of patents to measure the benefit of their technology transfer program. However, such metrics do not address the requirements set by the current and previous administrations, which require agencies to better gauge the effectiveness and return on investment of their technology programs. Here we evaluate two metrics, filing ratio and transfer rate, and empirically evaluate these metrics using data from Department of the Navy’s most transactionally active laboratory, as well as recently released agency-reported data available from the FY 2015 annual technology transfer report (15 U.S.C. Section 3710). We additionally propose other federally-relevant metrics for which agency data are not currently available. Results presented here indicate that these modernized metrics may potentially fulfill the requirements set by executive guidance. The study findings also point out to other metrics that are relevant to practitioners, program managers, and policymakers in the evaluation of technology transfer programs for better measurement of effectiveness, efficiency, and return on investment.

Effects of R&D and foreign technology transfer on productivity and innovation: an enterprises-level evidence from Bangladesh

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the effects of in-house Research and Development (R&D) efforts and access of foreign technology on productivity and innovation for the Bangladeshi manufacturing firms. The Bangladesh case is important because its manufacturing sector has performed stunningly well in recent years. At the first stage of analysis, we apply the Kernel density technique, which indicates that firms of R&D and foreign technology acquirers perform better in productivity. Subsequently, a more comprehensive regression analysis confirms that R&D firms have a total factor productivity (TFP) superiority; however, it is not very sizable. While the use of foreign technology has a larger effect on TFP, some results also indicate that there is a substitutive relationship between in-house R&D and technology transfer activities. Our results further point out that firms which engaged in both activities, R&D and foreign technology transfer, have a lesser labour productivity. Our results on product innovation also provide some important insights. Specifically, the estimated elasticity suggests that firms that engage in R&D have around 0.30 higher probability of product innovation. But, the effects of foreign technology on product innovation could not be established. We also test the effect of R&D capital and intensity on innovation. Both are not found to be crucial implying that the dynamic effect of R&D is not working for product innovation activities.

The impact of public R&D investments on patenting activity: technology transfer at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

ABSTRACTThis paper presents estimates of the impact of public R&D on patenting activity at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Using a time series of public sector agency data, we estimate the per-capita R&D elasticity of new patent applications using a knowledge production function framework model that is an expanded version of what other scholars have used with private sector data. New patent applications are an important step in the technology transfer activities of a federal agency. We estimate this elasticity to be about 2.0. This elasticity value represents an initial estimate of the impact of EPA’s R&D investments on its technology transfer activity.

How bridging organisations manage technology transfer in SMEs: an empirical investigation

ABSTRACTScholars underline the high relevance of bridging organisations in favouring innovation. Nevertheless, they do not investigate enough how bridging organisations favour technology transfer, particularly with regard to small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). To fill this research gap, this paper reviews the studies on the technology transfer activities a bridging organisation could perform. Then, the main activities carried out by intermediators are empirically investigated to identify the main intervention processes and activities. The further analysis of these activities identifies three SMEs’ abilities an intermediator may promote (i.e. networking, integration and absorptive capacity).This paper offers practical and theoretical contributions. First, it supports the definition of the intermediators’ intervention plans with a whole description of the three potential levels of intervention. Second, it synthetises the relationship between technology management, bridging organisations and SMEs in three propositions. Finally, it highlights the need for policy makers’ intervention supporting technology transfer offices and local institutions.

Examining the role of strategic choice in the effectiveness of university technology transfer

Recent research has suggested that the effectiveness of university technology transfer activity could potentially be determined by strategic choices made by University senior management teams. Exis...

University-industry linkage and technology transfer management

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of the variables that play a relevant role in the management of university-industry linkage and technology transfer in the context of a public university in Mexico.Design/methodology/approachThis study is quantitative, and the method is based on an exploratory factor analysis (EFA), to identify the group of variables that relates to university-industry technology transfer, by applying a questionnaire to full time professors and researchers.FindingsThe EFA allowed for the analysis of the relationships within a group of variables, and found that the structure of the principal components presents a close connection to the literature review. The first, second and third factors, named institutional support in the linkage and technology transfer activities, research results management, and university linkage activities planning, respectively, explain the original problem in a greater percentage. Additionally, it is suggested to include other variables, to increase the explained variance percentage of the components.Social implicationsThe study of university-industry linkage and technology transfer allows for improvement in the institutional management of these activities, their entrepreneurship, and consequently, their use by companies, government and society.Originality/valueThis study focuses on analyzing a group of variables in a questionnaire, in order to identify those that are related to the university-industry technology transfer management, in the context of a public university in Mexico.

The effects of university-level policies on women’s participation in academic patenting in Italy

A growing stream of the academic literature has investigated the factors that hamper the participation of women researchers in patenting and commercialization activities; however, limited research has examined the policies that address these forms of the gender gap. In this paper, we explore whether the ownership arrangements of university patents and the presence of university-level support measures such as technology transfer offices and linkages with science and technology parks are positively associated with women’s involvement in academic patenting. We test our hypotheses on a sample of 2538 academic patents by Italian inventors in the period 1996–2007. The results of our analyses highlight a positive role of university policies in addressing the gender gap in technology transfer activities.

Examining alliance management capabilities in university-industry collaboration

Effective university-industry technology transfer requires universities to maintain and strengthen research and technology capabilities on the one hand, but also to develop and strengthen management capabilities to build and manage relationships with external partners on the other hand. This research seeks to advance the knowledge on university-industry collaboration by examining how managerial routines that in sum reflect the concept of alliance management capability influence success of outward university technology transfer. The results of an empirical study with academics from different universities in Germany offer insights into net effects and configurational effects of routines to manage interorganizational collaboration on technology transfer success. The findings indicate that academic units’ alliance management capability has a significant positive effect on technology transfer success. In addition, the findings indicate different configurations of alliance management routines, reflecting alternative, consistently sufficient pathways to technology transfer success. This knowledge contributes to current debates by disclosing important predictors of successful university-industry collaboration. In addition, it informs decision makers in universities about how to configure management systems to govern outward technology transfer activity.

Towards a novel technology transfer office typology and recommendations for developing countries

Potentially, technology transfer offices (TTOs) can play a significant role in facilitating the successful transfer of technologies and knowledge between universities and industry. Many developing countries are currently developing technology transfer practices within their universities. However, many developing country TTOs operate inefficiently or are ineffective. The sharing of experiences can lead to improvements in this endeavour. Advanced nations can serve as a frame of reference and a basis of policy recommendations for developing countries due to the longevity of their technology transfer activities. The authors issued 234 questionnaires to European university TTOs, of which 54 usable questionnaires were returned. They combine the data from these questionnaires with 19 interviews conducted with university TTO staff from 9 countries in an attempt to create a typology of practices that developing nations could emulate to improve technology transfer in their own contexts. While ultimately a clear typology was not forthcoming, the authors found some relationship between the dominant focus in the mission statement of developed country TTOs, the activities they undertake, their position in the university governance structure and their level of maturity which may usefully inform the development of TTO practices in developing countries.

The Model of Organization and Personnel Management Autonomy at Vietnam National University Hanoi – Situation and Challenges

An institution of higher autonomy is the key to the reforms to diversify and effectively mobilize mutual resources in higher education at Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU). At present, the Vietnamese Government has issued some guidelines to grant more autonomous power to higher education institutions. Vietnam National University, Hanoi is moving toward an autonomous system to maximize the utilization of its resources to train high quality human resources for the nation. Theautonomy of organization and personnel management istheprerequisite for a university to implement its autonomy mechanism and to be socially responsible for its training, scientific research, and technology transfer activities. During such empowerment, both objective and subjective factors should be seriously considered to developeffective implementing methods that fit each university’s socioeconomic situation and particular characteristics.
 Keywords:
 Higher education, autonomy at VNU; autonomy model, personnel management at Vietnam National University, Hanoi
 References
 1. Vietnam National University, Hanoi (2014), Decision No. 3568/QD-DHQGHN dated October 8th 2014 on the issuance of the Regulations on the organization and operation of VNU’s member and subordinateUnits.2. Vietnam National University, Hanoi (2014), Decision No. 3768/QD-DHQGHN dated October 22th 2014 on the issuance of the Regulations on the recruitment, employment, and management of staffs in Vietnam National University, Hanoi.3. Vietnam National University, Hanoi (2017), Report on the situation of and proposal for granting autonomous power to VNU’s members.4. Prime Minister (2006), Decree No. 43/2006/ND-CP dated April 25th 2006 on the autonomy and self-responsibility power in duty implementation, organization, structure, personnel and finance at public administrative institutions.5. Prime Minister (2015), Decree No. 16/2015/ND-CP dated February 14th 2015 governing the autonomy mechanism of public administrative institutions.6. Prime Minister (2013), Decree No. 186/2013/ND-CP dated November 17th on the National Universities.7. VNU Final Report of 2016.8. John Fielden. 2008. Global Trends in University Governance: World Bank9. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). 2003. 22 Governance reforms in higher education van Vught, 1994.

The entrepreneurial engagement of Italian university students: some insights from a population-based survey

ABSTRACTStart-ups founded by university students and graduates play a substantial role in bringing new knowledge to the market and in employment creation, a role that appears to be even more important than that played by the typical technology transfer activities carried out by universities. We use a population-based approach to explore entrepreneurship among 61,115 graduate alumni of 64 Italian universities. In order to assess the potential supply of highly educated entrepreneurs, we develop a novel empirical approach to analyse engagement in entrepreneurship, based on the idea that entrepreneurship is a process that begins with intention and ends in action. We find that the share of intentional entrepreneurs, among recent cohorts of graduates in Italy, is large in comparison to the small share of actual entrepreneurs detected five years after graduation. We discuss which barriers may deter intentional entrepreneurs from being engaged in entrepreneurship and how universities can trigger the entrepreneurial process and close the gap between entrepreneurial intentions and action.