Rapid Prototyping Technology Research Articles

Preparation of Graphene Nanosilver Composites for 3D Printing Technology

At present, graphene in two-dimensional carbon nanomaterials is a material with excellent properties. Its preparation technology and application prospects are very wide. The most common one is the chemical redox method, which can make graphite into graphite oxide dispersed in water. Graphene oxide obtained by the Hummers method has a wrinkled structure. In order to broaden the application field of graphene and give full play to its excellent properties, the current research on graphene mainly focuses on the preparation and application of functional composite materials as a matrix material or reinforcement material. Due to its special two-dimensional structure, it has a large specific surface area, good biocompatibility, and stable physical and chemical properties, making it an excellent nanoparticle carrier. The graphene-supported silver nanoparticles can effectively prevent the aggregation and stacking between particles, improve the electrochemical performance of the composite material, and expand its application range. In this article, the assisted preparation of graphene nanosilver composites by 3D printing technology (three-dimensional printing) was studied. 3D printing technology is a rapid prototyping technology that emerged in the 1980s. 3D printing technology is based on discrete stacking and realizes rapid processing of models by directly outputting data from the printing device. In this article, a new type of graphene oxide (GO) was prepared by the modified Hummers method. In the case of NaOH aqueous solution as a catalyst, silver nitrate and GO were used as precursors, and XRD, infrared spectrum, Raman spectrum, and other methods were used. The crystal structure and morphology of Ag/rGO under different conditions were studied, thus revealing the growth of silver particles and the changes of oxidized functional groups under different conditions. It was found that the intensity of the two peaks in the GNs-Ag-2 Raman spectral curve was seven times that of the GNs peak.

Bone Tissue Regeneration: Rapid Prototyping Technology in Scaffold Design

Bone Tissue Regeneration: Rapid Prototyping Technology in Scaffold Design

Recent Patents on 3D Printing Technology in Artificial Bone Printing Devices, Materials, and Related Applications

Background: 3D printing is a kind of rapid prototyping technology. It is a digital model file-based technology that uses powdered metals, plastics and other bond able materials to construct objects by stacking them layer by layer. In recent years, the use of 3D printed artificial bones for repairing or re-placing damaged bones has been widely used. Therefore, the application of 3d printing technology in the field of orthopedics has attracted more and more attention. Objective: This paper introduces the research status of 3D printing technology in the field of orthope-dics, and discusses the future development direction. Method: Summarize various representative patents related to 3D printing bones all over the world. Results: By summarizing a large number of patents related to 3D printing bones, the research status of printing devices, printing materials, structure optimization and related applications of 3D printing bones are analyzed, and the related problems and development trends of 3D printing bones are dis-cussed. Conclusion: The combination of 3D printed bone materials and the optimization of the artificial bone unit structure will improve the mechanical properties of bone grafts and increase the success rate of transplantation. Bone repair aids and surgical guides will improve the success rate of orthopedic sur-gery and will be more widely used in the future. 3D printing technology is more and more widely used in the field of orthopedics, and there will be more research results in the future.

Effect of Alloying Elements on Strengthening Phase and Solidification Structure of Ti-Al-Mo-Zr Titanium Alloy

This paper mainly studies the composition of strengthening phase, characteristic precipitation temperature and composition range of strengthening phase in Ti-Al-Mo-Zr-Si medical titanium alloy, and the influence of element changes on the content and microstructure of strengthening phase. Promote the formulation of thermodynamic process of titanium alloy powder metallurgy, as well as the formulation of alloy hot working and solid solution aging process. In this paper, Panda thermodynamic software is used to calculate the multicomponent alloy thermodynamics and multicomponent phase diagram of titanium alloy materials. The effects of Al, Mo, Zr, Si and other elements on the precipitation of strengthening phase and the phase transformation content of solidification structure were obtained. It is found that the content of Mo is more than 2 wt.% β phase transition precipitation angle. Meanwhile, in order to avoid the excess of precipitates such as Mo5Si3 and M3Si, the content of Mo should be less than 4.6 wt.%. The content of Zr can be maintained at about 1.5 wt.%. If the aging precipitation of the material is considered, it can be controlled to be less than 2 wt.%. The content of this paper is the basis and improvement of titanium powder metallurgy technology and rapid prototyping technology.

New use for old drug: Local delivery of puerarin facilitates critical-size defect repair in rats by promoting angiogenesis and osteogenesis.

ObjectivesLarge bone defect repair is a challenging clinical problem due to limited self-repair ability. A well-designed bone filling product should possess the ability to induce tissue in-growth and facilitate neovascularization and new bone formation. Puerarin has been used in clinics for a long time, and recently it was found to be able to promote osteogenesis. This study aimed to investigate a puerarin-based drug/delivery combination implant for promoting large bone defect repair.MethodsPuerarin was incorporated into the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/β-calcium phosphate (PLGA/TCP, PT) to form a porous PLGA/TCP/Puerarin (PTP) composite scaffold by low-temperature rapid prototyping technology. Its structural and degradation were analyzed in vitro. Then we employed a rat calvarial critical size defect model to assess the potency of the PTP scaffold. MC3T3-E1 cells and EA. hy 926 ​cells were used to investigate the underlying mechanism.ResultsPTP scaffold inherited all advantages of PT scaffold in structural, mechanical, and biodegradation, meanwhile puerarin stably and continuously released from PTP scaffold and lasted for 5 months in vitro. At 8 weeks after implantation, the PTP scaffold triggered new bone formation in the macro-pores of the scaffold and inside the scaffold accompanied by the degrading materials. The underlying mechanism revealed that the PTP scaffold induced vascular infiltration and recruit repair cells through stimulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) expressions to promote angiogenesis and osteogenesis.ConclusionPuerarin-enriched porous PTP scaffold was a promising local delivery system with sustained release of puerarin for facilitating defect repair through getting synergistic angiogenic and osteogenic effects.The Translational Potential of this ArticleThe PTP scaffold presents a potential drug/device combination medical implant for large bone defect repair, which also provides a new and innovative application for the “old drug” puerarin.

Design, 3D printing, and evaluation of full-contact dental models for denture tests.

The full-contact model has been widely used in tooth preparation and prosthesis fabrication. However, it is rarely used in denture tests. The purpose of the present study was to design a suitable full-contact dental model for denture tests. A standard dental model with the complete tooth morphology was raster scanned and 3D reconstructed. Then, the positioning and fixing surfaces of the dental model were reshaped. The dental model was digitally trimmed into two parts: a fundamental part and a replaceable part. The modular design was presented according to dentition defects around the first molar. The prepared tooth replicas were designed through preparation/scanning/registration/separation sequences. The dental model was fabricated by stereolithography (SLA) 3D-printing rapid prototype technology. The static fracture force of the dental model was predicted using the finite element method. The effects of the four design methods on the suitability of the five testing operations (abutment fabrication, prosthesis fabrication, assembling, loading, and observation) were quantitatively analyzed. The static tests of three fixed partial dentures (FPDs), including tooth-supported, implant-supported, and tooth-tooth-supported prostheses, were conducted to investigate the fracture feature. The dynamic test of a removable partial denture (RPD) was undertaken to study the wear characteristic. The dental model could bear the maximum fracture strength of 4268.3 N. Seven positive and two negative effects of the design methods were produced. The maximum fracture strength of the FPDs were 1331.2 N, 1356.7 N, and 1987.7 N. The wear facets of the RPD in the dynamic denture test were distributed in three regions. The force capacity of the full-contact dental model allows the application of static denture tests. The dental model provides improvements in fixture design, removable design, and replica design for the testing operations. The dental model is recommended more in the dynamic test than in the static test.

Advances of 3D Printing in Vascularized Organ Construction.

In the past several decades, three-dimensional (3D) printing has provided some viable tissues and organs for repairing or replacing damaged tissues and organs. However, the construction of sufficient vascular networks in a bioartificial organ has proven to be challenging. To make a fully functional bioartificial organ with a branched vascular network that can substitute its natural counterparts, various studies have been performed to surmount the limitations. Significant progress has been achieved in 3D printing of vascularized liver, heart, bone, and pancreas. It is expected that this technology can be used more widely in other bioartificial organ manufacturing. In this review, we summarize the specific applications of 3D printing vascularized organs through several rapid prototyping technologies. The limitations and future directions are also discussed.

Design and Fabrication of Arduino Based Flexible Manufacturing Process on the Desk: 3D Printing

Abstract: Rapid prototyping technology also referred to as additive manufacturing or 3D printing, which can be used to create physical objects from geometrical representation by successive addition of materials in layer-by-layer form. 3D printing technology is the fastest emerging technology used to make work easier. It can be used in a wide range of materials such as PLA, ABS, HIPS & composite. 3D printing is a rapidly growing and very perfectly cost optimized form of rapid prototyping. 3D printing technology is appreciable in future challenges for mass production. This type of printing is anticipated to influence the industries like Medical, Education, Equipment, Automation, consumer Products and various businesses. The process adopted by us is FDM technology, in which different materials like ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene), PLA (Polylactic Acid), HIPS (High Impact Polystyrene), etc. By heating any of the filament material to its melting point, it is deposited layer by layer. Combining many layers of such a type will give us a final 3D model. This project explains the layout, improvement and production of a 3D printing system which could produce a high give up fine product at a completely low price. This 3-D printing project can be used in various fields like Rapid Prototyping, instructional zone, residence-keep printing purposes, industrial 3D Printing offerings and retailers

Application Status of Sacrificial Biomaterials in 3D Bioprinting.

Additive manufacturing, also known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, relates to several rapid prototyping (RP) technologies, and has shown great potential in the manufacture of organoids and even complex bioartificial organs. A major challenge for 3D bioprinting complex org unit ans is the competitive requirements with respect to structural biomimeticability, material integrability, and functional manufacturability. Over the past several years, 3D bioprinting based on sacrificial templates has shown its unique advantages in building hierarchical vascular networks in complex organs. Sacrificial biomaterials as supporting structures have been used widely in the construction of tubular tissues. The advent of suspension printing has enabled the precise printing of some soft biomaterials (e.g., collagen and fibrinogen), which were previously considered unprintable singly with cells. In addition, the introduction of sacrificial biomaterials can improve the porosity of biomaterials, making the printed structures more favorable for cell proliferation, migration and connection. In this review, we mainly consider the latest developments and applications of 3D bioprinting based on the strategy of sacrificial biomaterials, discuss the basic principles of sacrificial templates, and look forward to the broad prospects of this approach for complex organ engineering or manufacturing.

Manufacturing challenges and technological solutions for microwave ablation (MWA) probe prototyping

In this paper, the manufacturing challenges and related technological solutions concerning the prototyping of microwave ablation (MWA) probes are addressed. In particular, the intertwined aspects pertaining probe design, fabrication and target performance are tackled. The development of a 14G MWA probe prototype, working at a frequency of 2.45 GHz, is proposed as a case study, describing design efforts and the use of rapid prototyping technologies combined with other manufacturing processes. A specific focus is dedicated to the insulating part of the probe radiating section, featuring high aspect ratio and complex shape, which was fabricated by means of Digital Light Processing (DLP) and by using a biocompatible material, the EnvisionTEC E-Shell® 300. Furthermore, the probe handling, properly designed to arrange cables and tubes routing, was fabricated by means of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology. Finally, ex vivo experiments conducted on bovine liver showed satisfactory treatment performance and structural reliability of the 14G MWA probe prototype. Besides being characterized by a good impedance matching ( S11 = −25 dB), prototype performance were also in good agreement with design simulations and even satisfying if compared to other results available in literature as, with an input radiation power of 40 W, the ablated zone after a 10 min treatment exhibited a ratio of the radial and longitudinal axis of 0.66.

Application and Prospects of Hydrogel Additive Manufacturing.

Hydrogel has become a commonly used material for 3D and 4D printing due to its favorable biocompatibility and low cost. Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, was originally referred to as rapid prototyping manufacturing. Variable-feature rapid prototyping technology, also known as 4D printing, is a combination of materials, mathematics, and additives. This study constitutes a literature review to address hydrogel-based additive manufacturing technologies, introducing the characteristics of commonly used 3D printing hydrogel methods, such as direct ink writing, fused deposition modeling, and stereolithography. With this review, we also investigated the stimulus types, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of various stimulus-responsive hydrogels in smart hydrogels; non-responsive hydrogels; and various applications of additive manufacturing hydrogels, such as neural catheter preparation and drug delivery. The opportunities, challenges, and future prospects of hydrogel additive manufacturing technologies are discussed.

The Advent of Rapid Prototyping in Maxillofacial Prosthodontics – Exploring Into The Third Dimension

Rapid prototyping technology has opened new design and production possibilities in the realm of maxillofacial prosthodontics. Rapid prototyping is a technology that allows us to create physical objects from 3D computer data by sequential layering. Rapid prototyping has transformed dentistry with faster processing and increased precision of various prosthetic devices. This article attempts to enhance knowledge on history, materials used for rapid prototyping and an insight on applications of rapid prototyping in maxillofacial prosthodontics

Comparison and Selection of Suitable 3D Printing Technology to Replicate Plastic Material Properties for Rapid Prototyping

Abstract: In R&D there is need of rapid prototyping to validate new concepts. 3D printing is widely used now a days For rapid prototyping of new concepts. As there are numerous 3D printing technologies are available now in market so it is always difficult to select correct 3D printing technology to replicate plastic material as per requirement in prototyping. Engineers in industry initially struggle or spend time to select best suited 3D printing technology for rapid prototyping of their concept or part. In this study we will be reviewing different available 3D printing technologies and its capabilities in terms of adding properties in printed parts. We will be selecting most common plastic which are being used in industry. For selected materials best suited 3D printing technologies will be compared on the basis of required material properties Keywords: 3D printing, Plastics, RPT, Comparison, Product

Scheduling unrelated additive manufacturing machines with practical constraints

In the context of Industry 4.0 and COVID-19 pandemic, additive manufacturing (AM), the technology of rapid prototyping directly from digital models, has received rapid development and makes it possible to achieve the need of companies in terms of customized production and limited human resources. Consequently, the growing demands and potential applications necessitate the careful investigation on the associated AM machine scheduling problems to improve productivity. This paper is the first time to study a new AM scheduling problem, which considers unrelated parallel machines and two practical constraints, two-dimensional packing constraints and unequal part release times. Additionally, during the scheduling process, there exist multiple orientation candidates for each part, which potentially influences the processing time and increase the complexity of packing. To solve this problem, we first present a mixed integer linear programming model with the objective to minimize the makespan. Due to the NP-hard nature of the problem, we propose an adaptive large neighborhood search algorithm for large instances where the skyline packing pattern is adopted for the packing procedure. Several destroy and repair operators are designed based on the characteristics of the AM scheduling problem. Finally, three types of datasets with different ranges of release times are generated to verify the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. Some interesting insights on the effects of release times and orientation selection are also revealed and discussed.

Research progress in 3D-printed medicinal tablets

Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is a rapid-prototyping technology that uses a digital model file to construct an object through layer printing. This novel technology is widely used in aerospace, medicine, architecture and industrial applications. However, the pharmaceutical applications of 3DP technology remain in early stages, and the pharmaceutical industry is expected to experience a revolution in 3DP. Herein, recent research progress in 3D-printed medicinal tablets is reviewed, to provide a reference for future studies and applications of 3DP technology in pharmaceutics.

Optimisation of trabecular bone mimicking silicon-hydroxyapatite based composite scaffolds processed through selective laser melting

Additive manufacturing is a rapid prototyping technology to produce complex three-dimensional scaffolds suitable for personalized medicine. In the present study, the laser powder bed fusion through a selective laser melting (SLM) approach has been applied to optimized fabrication of bio-mimicking scaffolds by using hydroxyapatite (HAp, 50 and 70 wt%) and silicon powder mixture. In situ formation of pseudo-wollastonite (P–W, CaSiO3) has been detected along with silicon for 50 wt% of HAp powder mixture, while an increase in HAp content has resulted in P–W, silicon and larnite (Ca₂SiO₄) formation. The pore size of 400 μm, according to the CAD model, are observed at the scaffolds fabricated at the shortest exposure time (50 μs), lowest laser current (500 mA) and energy density (41.6 J/mm3), and simultaneously at the highest scanning speed. Compressive stress demonstrated by the fabricated scaffolds is shown to be acceptable for their use in metaphyseal region of long bones.

Development and Design of a Machine Using Standard Aluminium Profiles

The goal of this research is development, design and manufacturing of CNC milling machine prototype using standard aluminium profiles. Machine is a three axis’s machine and it is developed primarily for education in the field of wood machining. It can be used also for machining of light metal parts. Main initial goal of the machine development was the low cost for its manufacturing. To achieve this goal, rapid prototyping technology was used to manufacture most of the machine parts. In addition, a lot of standard parts are used. The detail methodology for machine development, design and manufacturing are shown in this paper. Design process includes development of CAD models, calculation of all necessary critical parts, selections of materials and development of machine subassemblies and assemblies.

Development of a process for the operational design of individual mandibular implants in patients with cancer

Introduction. The evolution of rapid prototyping technologies, novel high-precision metalworking equipment, and prompt implementation of additive technologies into practice have significantly expanded the possibilities of producing new biomechanical structures. Therefore, the development of novel methods and approaches ensuring rapid and highly effective designing and manufacturing of individual implants is highly relevant. Objective – to develop a technology that allows rapid design and manufacturing of implants for maxillofacial surgery. Results. In this study, we analyzed the technology of rapid design and production of individual jaw implants based on computed tomography data, which reduced the duration of surgery by ~50 % (from 3–4 h to 2–2.5 h) and allowed one-stage surgery. We achieved high toughness of implants and excluded the risk of fatigue destruction of a biome chanical structure due to increased cyclic loads. Conclusion. Rapid production of individual jaw implants described in this article ensured high productivity of the pro cess of producing individual biomechanical structures and helped to restore the original contour of the patient’s face with significant lesions to the mandibular bone.

Advanced Design and Fabrication of Islamic Tile Ceramic Wall Tiles With Indonesian Batik Patterns Using Artistic CAD/CAM and 3D Printing Technology

The ceramic tile wall is a decorative element used inside restaurants, museums, hotels, aristocratic residences, and places of worship. It plays a critical role in the development of a structure with strong personality and unique qualities by providing relief patterns specific to history or era. The demand for distinctive ornamental wall ceramics that can be mass produced with precision and accuracy has been a challenge for numerous ceramic enterprises in Indonesia, which have historically relied on the skills of artistic professionals in a handmaking process. The purpose of this research was therefore to develop and apply a ceramic tile design process that integrates computer design and fabrication methods with traditional ceramic production techniques. Using the ArtCAM 2015R2 software, photos of batik and Islamic themes were effectively converted into a 2.5D computer-aided design model. Additive manufacturing technology was then used in conjunction with Objet30 Pro 3D printer to precisely produce master molds with Islamic nuances such as puzzle and floral patterns, then conventional ceramic fabrication technology was employed to produce ceramic tiles using these molds. By combining computer-aided design and rapid prototyping technologies, a variety of exact and detailed Islamic decorative ceramic wall tiles were produced with dimensional accuracies within 2.00 mm. Furthermore, the proposed approach demonstrated a 90% reduction in design-to-production time from to 10–12 months to roughly 1–1.5 months.

Half-Mode Waveguide Based on Gap Waveguide Technology for Rapid Prototyping

In this letter, a half-mode waveguide based on gap waveguide (GW) technology for rapid prototyping is explored. Two devices have been designed and measured for demonstration purposes: a power divider and a curved waveguide. Both devices are constructed from two noncontacting metal pieces. Both devices also follow the same design process. In the bottom piece, a horizontally polarized groove GW (GGW) is housed. The height of the groove is about half, which is required to propagate the fundamental mode. The top cover is a uniform pinned surface that acts as a high impedance surface (HIS) over the groove below. Both the power divider and the curved waveguide show measured reflection coefficient values of less than −15 dB in the bandwidth of interest (28–31 GHz) and are in excellent agreement with simulated results. These devices stand out for their ease of fabrication and open a horizon for cheaper and more robust GW designs for mass production.