Feed Technology Research Articles

Utilizing Noseband Sensor Technology to Evaluate Rumination Time as a Predictor of Feeding and Locomotion Behaviors in Dairy Cows

The objective of the study was to examine the relationship between rumination time and various parameters related to eating and locomotion, including other chews, eating chews, eating time, drinking gulps, bolus counts, chews per minute, activity, and activity change, utilizing RumiWatch technology. The RumiWatch noseband sensor (RWS; ITIN + HOCH GmbH, Feeding Technology, Liestal, Switzerland) was utilized to record time and frequency related to rumination, eating, and movement behaviors. The RumiWatch system (RWS) was put into operation from 1 June 2023 to 30 June 2023. The first two weeks, from 1 June to 14 June 2023 at 7 a.m., served as a period for the cows to acclimate to the RWS, acting as an adjustment phase. Monitoring activities with the RWS commenced on 7. a.m. and lasted until the end of the month, 30 June 2023, with data being recorded daily on an hourly basis. Our findings indicate a significant negative correlation between rumination time and other activity time (r = −0.50), which represents the duration cows allocate to behaviors outside of eating, chewing cud, or distinct movement activities. Additionally, a significant negative correlation was observed between rumination time and eating time (r = −0.54). Furthermore, we observed strong positive correlations with rumination chews (r = 0.84) and bolus (r = 0.75). A weaker positive correlation was found with chews per minute (r = 0.29), while no significant correlation was detected with drinking gulps (r = 0.10). Based on our findings, we recommend the implementation of the RumiWatch System for monitoring rumination and feeding behaviors in lactating dairy cattle. This technology provides valuable insights into cow health and welfare, enabling early detection of potential health issues and improving herd management practices.

Novel Nanozyme-Based Multicomponent in situ Hydrogels with Antibacterial, Hypoxia-Relieving and Proliferative Properties for Promoting Gastrostomy Tube Tract Maturation.

Gastrostomy is the commonly used enteral feeding technology. The clinical risks caused by tube dislodgement and peristomal site infection are the common complications before complete tract maturation after gastrostomy. However, there is currently no relevant research to promote gastrostomy wound treatment and tract maturation. Herein, a nanozyme loaded bioactive hydrogels (MO-HPA) was developed to accelerate tract maturation and inhibit bacteria. Nano-manganese dioxide (n-MO) and polylysine modified hyaluronic acid (HP) were synthesized and characterized. In situ hydrogels were prepared by mixing the HP/ alginate solution, and the n-MO solution containing Ca2+. The structure, physicochemical and mechanical properties of MO-HPA were evaluated. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity, and the In vitro and intracellular oxygen production efficacy were determined. The cell migration, wound healing and tube tract maturation promotion effect were assessed in cell experiments and in skin defect mouse model, as well as rabbit gastrostomy model. The n-MO has a uniform particle size with oxygen producing activities. The MO-HPA demonstrated a homogeneous and porous microstructure. Additionally, the gelation time, swelling ratio, rheological behavior, and mechanical properties of hydrogels could be tuned by adjusting the HP content. The antibacterial efficiency of the MO-HPA1.0 group on E. coli and S. aureus increased by about 40.1% and 55.6% respectively, compared to the MO-HPA0.5 group. Additionally, MO-HPA1.0 hydrogel demonstrated effective oxygen-producing and cell migration-promoting functions in both in vitro and cellular experiments. The MO-HPA1.0 group significantly accelerated wound healing in both of mouse skin defect model and rabbit gastrostomy model. The hydrogel group exhibited a significant promotion in collagen content and reduction in HIF-1α, which effectively hastened tract maturation. Therefore, our study provides new and critical insights into a strategy to design bioactive hydrogels with multiple functions, which can open up a new avenue for accelerated wound healing after gastrostomy.

The impact of bull breeding management on reproductive function (review)

Providing the population with quality food products is currently relevant. High-tech production of meat and dairy products requires breeding animals with high genetic potential. The main role is given to bull sires, since they are responsible for the constant reproduction of the breeding stock, which depends on the non-stop renovation of the herd with high breeding value’s calves. Management of growing and breeding of young bulls can directly affect the reproductive function of sires and the physiological health. The article provides analytical data based on literary sources containing research by various authors on this topic, and reviews methods and technologies for keeping breeding bulls on various farms in the Russia and abroad. Currently, there is a many problems of getting high-quality breeding young bulls to an artificial insemination center. Currently, there are problems with obtaining high-quality breeding bulls of the enterprise. There are animals with abnormal development of the musculoskeletal system, joints, hooves, with signs of osteomalacia, etc. Such animals require additional costs for veterinary and breeding services. The quality of the sperm products they produce often does not comply with state normative. The reason is related either to the choice of maintenance technology or feeding technology. It is necessary to competently organize management, breeding and veterinary work in farms that are purposefully engaged in breeding young animals.

KARAKTERISTIK STRUKTUR POPULASI TERNAK BABI DI DESA LATUHALAT KECAMATAN NUSANIWE KOTA AMBON

The aim of this research on the structural characteristics of the pig population in Latuhalat Village is to understand the composition, dynamics and structural characteristics of the pig population in Latuhalat Village. The parameters measured in this research are the characteristics of the respondents which consist of: age, gender, education, livelihood and population structure which includes the number of pigs per age group and the sex ratio. The research was carried out with 40 farmers as samples and this type of research was descriptive research. The research results show that the characteristics of respondents in the research location, Latuhalat village, Nusaniwe District, are dominated by men in productive age with secondary education and running mixed farming businesses. The population structure of pigs is dominated by female livestock, both at calf age (50.63%), young age (51.37%) and adult age (60.53%). This research also identified the main challenges by farmers, is the low knowledge and skills of farmers which resulted in low pig productivity. The recommendation from this research is that there needs to be an extension program that is carried out on the government and from academics and needs to be given a technology, especially in the field of feed and housing technology.

Qualitative indicators of milk and fermented milk products when activated zeolite and probiotics are included in the diet of cows

Relevance. The quality of milk depends on the season of the year, the breed of animals, the state of metabolism, and the characteristics of feeding and maintenance technology. The quality of milk determines its technological properties and the quality of its processed products.Methods. The content of somatic cells in milk, the acidity of milk, cottage cheese, yogurt, and syneresis of yogurt were determined. In milk processing products, the content of the mass fraction of nitrogen and crude protein, crude ash, calcium, and phosphorus was determined.Results. When feeding cows with the yeast probiotic activated zeolite and the phytoprobiotic “Provitol”, a significant decrease in the content of somatic cells in freshly milked milk of cows was established by 13.02% (p < 0.05). Significantly lower milk acidity values were established (by 6.00% (p < 0.001) and 12.79% (p < 0.001), respectively), significantly higher yogurt acidity values (by 6.00% (p < 0.001) and 12.79% (p < 0.001), respectively, significantly lower yogurt syneresis (by 4.70% (p < 0.001) and 3.10% (p < 0.01), respectively). The use of activated zeolite and yeast probiotic “Kluver Pro” in the diets leads to a significantly higher content (compared with the control) of the mass fraction of fat in cottage cheese and yogurt — by 10.47 abs. % (p < 0.001) and 4.58 abs. % (p < 0.001).

Meat productivity and meat quality of broiler chickens when input plant-based additive in compound feed

At present, the increase in poultry meat production is associated with the development of resource- saving technologies that ensure maximum productivity. However, the search for new methods to reduce the rearing period, increase live weight and reduce feed costs per 1 kg of gain continues. It should be noted that at the current stage of development, poultry farming has a high productivity potential, which is currently not fully utilized in some cases. The main reason is the inclusion of ingredients containing anti-nutritional substances in the compound feed. In compound feed for broiler chickens, the need to use biologically active additives has been proven. The inclusion of such additives in the composition of compound feed helps to increase the productive action, improve digestibility and effi ciency of using nutrients in diets. The purpose of the research was to study the meat productivity and meat quality of broiler chickens when input additive of plant-based additive in compound feed. On the base of research data, the eff ectiveness of including the plant-based feed additive Biostrong 510 in the compound feed for rearing of broiler chickens of the cross Cobb 500 in the amount of 0.010 %, 0.015 and 0.020 % of the compound feed weight was established. It made possible to increase the average daily live weight gain by 4.3–8.5 %, increase the gutted carcass weight by 4.3–4.6 %, reduce feed costs per 1 kg of broiler chicken gain by 0.07–0.13 kg, and increase the profi tability level by 0.78–1.44 abs.%. The safety of the tested additive was proven by a number of indicators. The obtained results of animal science, physiological and biochemical studies made it possible to identify the optimal dose of the plant feed additive Biostrong 510 for broiler chickens of the cross Cobb 500 in feeding technology 0.015 % of the mass of the compound feed.

Recently Recalled Children's Products Due to Lead Hazards.

We reviewed recent reports of recalled children's products contaminated with lead to learn more about what could be done to inform public health partners about the recalls in a timely manner to assist with broader consumer notification for proactive lead poisoning prevention efforts. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention staff reviewed lead-related recall notices for children's products issued during June 2022 through April 2024. Recall notices were extracted from the Consumer Product Safety Commission using Really Simple Syndication feed technology to identify and capture the most current recall information. Specific product details in the database were extracted and analyzed descriptively to identify response trends and best practices. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's automated tool identified 30 recalls from Consumer Product Safety Commission. Lead-contaminated toys were the most frequent type of product recalled (n = 11, 37%). Most products were manufactured in China (n = 24, 86%). Products were on the market for an average of 25 months before they were recalled. No injuries were reported. The 30 recalls resulted in a combined number of 914 598 recalled units sold. The current approach to protecting children from lead hazards in consumer products could be augmented by timely notifying the public health community about recalls so they can broadly disseminate information through their channels to reduce lead exposure in children. Additional steps to reduce lead contamination in children's products when sourcing raw materials and components may help to decrease the number of recalls.

206 Effects of breed type and days on trial on feeding behavior in growing goats fed a total mixed diets using GrowSafe feeding technology

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of breed and days on trial (DOT) on feeding behavior traits in two breeds of growing goats. Nineteen female goats [n = 10 Alpine; n = 9 Spanish, with average initial ages of 360 d and 352 d, and body weight (BW) of 38.8 ± 2.8 kg and 35.5 ± 3.1 kg, respectively], were randomly assigned within the breed to one of two non-adjacent pens (5 goats/pen), each equipped with GrowSafe feed bunks. A pelletized total mixed ration (TMR) was fed twice per day and goats had ad libitum access to feed, water, and mineral block throughout the 84-d trial. Feeding behavior traits, including feed intake, bunk visit frequency (BVF), head-down duration (HDD), and dry matter intake (DMI) were collected daily using the GrowSafe feeding system. A 14-d interval was used to derive feed behavior traits of individual goats at 42, 56, 70, and 84 DOT. Data were analyzed using a repeated-measures model with a fixed effect of breed, DOT as a repeated measure, and breed x DOT interaction with pen as a random effect. Alpine goats had greater (P < 0.05) initial and final BW (37.6 kg and 51.7 kg, respectively) than Spanish goats (34.7 kg and 46.5 kg, respectively) although DMI (P = 0.10; 1.73 ± 0.31 and 1.39 ± 0.18 kg/d) did not differ. There was not a significant difference (P > 0.05) between breeds for frequency of bunk visits (21.1 vs. 18.6) and bunk duration (P > 0.05). Similarly, the effect of breed on DMI (27.1g/min vs. 22.8 g/min) was non-significant (P > 0.05). Furthermore, breed did not significantly (P > 0.05) affect HDD (31.3 min/d vs 31.9 min/d). However, there was a significant interaction (P < 0.05) between breed and DOT for HDD. In addition, significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed due to the length of DOT for BVD, bunk visit duration, HDD, and eating rate (g/min). Our results suggest that Spanish goats tended to visit feed bunks more frequently per day and tended to consume less feed per visit than their counterpart Alpine goats, and the feeding behaviors of goats change with age. However, further research is warranted to determine changes in the feeding behavior of goats in different production cycles.

Pre-extension Demonstration and Evaluation of Top Feeder Honeybee Feeding Technology at Wolmera Woreda, Oromia Region

To maintain optimum honeybee colony population during dearth of floral resources, feeding of honeybee colonies with supplementary feeds is important. This research activity is conducted with the main objectives to evaluate and demonstrate top feeder technology under farmers’ management and create awareness on the importance of the technology. As to the method, selection of demonstration sites and farmers was purposive due to the reason that the evaluation of the technology requires modern box hive and experience on this hive. Two demonstration sites at two Village Administrations selected and Farmers research groups were used for technology evaluation. One FRG which contain 10-15 beekeepers strengthened at each demonstration site and group apiaries of FRG members used as centers of learning and technology evaluation. At each sites, farmers, development agents and experts trained and experimental colonies established. Honeybee colony follow up and technology evaluation activities undertaken in partnership with these FRG members, development agents and experts. As to the result, by using top feeder, the beekeeper can feed many colonies in short period of time. The average time taken to feed one honeybee colony using top feeder was only 55.85 seconds where as it was 107.26 seconds using plastic bucket under farmer’s management. Moreover, feeding using top feeder also reduced honeybee colonies disturbance during time of feeding. In conclusion, technologies like top feeder that saves beekeepers time and also reduce disturbances of honeybee colony are critical for our beekeepers. Therefore, it is suggested to further pre scale up the technology in other areas

Additive manufacturing of quartz glass using coaxial wire feeding technology

This study explores the process of coaxial wire feeding and melting for quartz additive manufacturing using Direct Energy Deposition (DED). Quartz glass, valued for its excellent mechanical, optical, and thermal properties, is widely used in semiconductor, aerospace, and optical communication industries. Additive manufacturing offers advantages such as cost-effective materials, rapid formation, and customization of structures. However, current methods for additive manufacturing of quartz glass often result in low quality or require complex post-processing, particularly for optical components. In optics, there is a demand for high-quality, straightforward processes, and custom-shaped quartz glass. This article presents a coaxial wire feeding mechanism wherein quartz wire is fed vertically downward along the optical axis into the melting zone created by a CO2 laser, facilitating smooth material deposition onto the molten zone’s surface. Laser power, wire feeding speed, substrate movement speed, and defocusing distance are key factors influencing the quality of single-layer quartz glass formation. Positive defocusing was found to have a beneficial impact on single-layer quartz glass additive manufacturing. Subsequently, optimized process parameters enabled the production of uniformly cross-sectional single-layer quartz glass. Microscopic morphology analysis and temperature field simulation were conducted on the experimental results before and after optimization. Finally, complex quartz glass structures were additively manufactured using the optimized experimental parameters. Results demonstrate that coaxial wire feeding technology has significant potential for achieving uniform dimensions and complex structures in quartz glass additive manufacturing.

Changes in the quality indicators of cows› milk depending on feeding the feed additive in different doses

Relevance. The quality of milk depends on the season, the breed of animals, the state of metabolism, the features of feeding technology and maintenance, and the feed additives fed. The doses of their feeding can affect the composition of milk. Methods. The content of mass fractions of fat, protein, lactose, its acidity, as well as the content of urea, acetone, and beta-hydroxybutyric acid in milk were determined.Results. The introduction of an experimental feed additive into the feeding rations of dairy cows had an impact on the change in the values of the indicators studied in milk. Moreover, not all the studied indicators changed under the influence of feeding this supplement. So, if we correlate the results obtained with changes in control, then, according to the authors, it is correct to talk about its significant effect on the change in the value of the mass fraction of protein in milk and the values of milk acidity: feeding in the diet of a feed additive at a dose of 1.0 kg and 1.5 kg leads to a significant increase in the mass fraction of protein in milk by 0.18% (p ˂ 0.01) and 0.15% (p ˂ 0.01), respectively, as well as a significant shift in the active acidity of milk to the alkaline side by 1.56% (p ˂ 0.001) and 0.78% (p ˂ 0.05), respectively.

Technology for the production of extruded starter feed for juvenile fish

The latest advances in science, combined with the growing possibilities of modern technology, contributed to the improvement of fish feeding technology and fish farming in general. It is obvious that the expansion of the species composition of cultivated fish farming objects will continue, and the importance of feed and fish feeding technology will steadily increase. The developed recipes of starter feeds for juvenile fish and the technology of their production would make it possible to establish the production of these feeds for fish farms in Kazakhstan, as a result, the survival rate and growth rate of juvenile fish grown in industrial conditions would increase. The aim of the work was to develop recipes for starter feeds for pikeperch fry and technology for their production by extrusion, the development of these feeds to improve the efficiency of growing pikeperch in industrial conditions. According to the developed recipe, a starter feed for zander juveniles, balanced in terms of basic nutrients, was developed, a study was made of the effect of this feed on the efficiency and speed of growing zander juveniles. The dynamics of rearing juvenile pikeperch was studied when feeding the starter feed developed by the Kazakh Research Institute of Processing and Food Industry, with a feed coefficient of 1.28 and as a control foreign starter feed for trout “Aller Aqua” – 1.2. The materials of the article are of practical importance and the need for further research, they will help replenish the formulas of compound feed for the industrial cultivation of juvenile pike perch in fish farms of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Design and Development of Automated Nutrient Regulation System for Hydroponics Unit

Hydroponics is a method of growing plants without soil. Hydroponics, a subset of hydro culture, is a growing plant without soil, using mineral nutrient solutions in a water solvent. In soil less culture especially, hydroponics, the problem of regular maintenance of nutrient solution and required technical knowledge. The automation in hydroponics further helps to boom up the hydroponic cultivation. Automated nutrient regulation in hydroponics environment with automatic nutrient feed technology was developed and tested in the present study. The experiment was carried out an automated controlling and regulation of pH, TDS, temperature in polyhouse hydroponic system using Arduino-Uno controller, solenoid valves containing nutrients, water, pH-up, and pH-down and sensors. In this study, the sensors are connected to Arduino-Uno controller in which liquid crystal display (LCD) of Arduino-Uno circuit controls and regulates the system based on the coding which has been programmed previously. Calibration was done for all the parameters in the automated system. TDS and pH values of nutrient solution were recorded by using TDS and pH sensor probes respectively were fed to Arduino which adjusts the values, if required, through actuators. The prototype model was able to monitor and control the pH and TDS of hydroponic water in the required range with high accuracy.

ADOPTION OF IMPROVED FEEDING TECHNOLOGIES AMONG FARMERS IN IWO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF OSUN STATE, NIGERIA

The study was carried out to examine the adoption of improved feeding technologies among livestock farmers in Iwo Local Government Area of Osun state. A purposive sampling method was used to select 100 livestock farmers for the study. Primary data were collected from the livestock farmers with the aid of structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as means, frequency and percentages. Findings revealed that the mean age of the farmers was 48.44 years and most were married male with a mean family size of 6 persons. Most (83%) of the farmers were literate with majority (69.8%). The major source of awareness for the improved feeding technologies was agricultural extension agents. Soybean wastes had the highest level of awareness (85%) and adoption (55%) among the farmers. There was an increase in the cost feeding of the animals from N516.00 before the adoption of the innovation to N4146.00 after adoption. There was also an increase in the average income per production cycle from N54600.55 before adoption to N135500.50 after adoption. High cost of raw materials was ranked the first constraint to adoption of innovation. It was recommended that farmers should be encouraged to adopt innovation through the provision of financial assistance by relevant institutions while increasing awareness on benefits of adopting feeding technologies through extension.

ADOPTION OF IMRPOVED FEEDING TECHNOLOGIES AMONG FARMERS IN IWO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF OSUN STATE, NIGERIA

The study was carried out to examine the adoption of improved feeding technologies among livestock farmers in Iwo Local Government Area of Osun state. A purposive sampling method was used to select 100 livestock farmers for the study. Primary data were collected from the livestock farmers with the aid of structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as means, frequency and percentages. Findings revealed that the mean age of the farmers was 48.44 years and most were married male with a mean family size of 6 persons. Most (83%) of the farmers were literate with majority (69.8%). The major source of awareness for the improved feeding technologies was agricultural extension agents. Soybean wastes had the highest level of awareness (85%) and adoption (55%) among the farmers. There was an increase in the cost feeding of the animals from N516.00 before the adoption of the innovation to N4146.00 after adoption. There was also an increase in the average income per production cycle from N54600.55 before adoption to N135500.50 after adoption. High cost of raw materials was ranked the first constraint to adoption of innovation. It was recommended that farmers should be encouraged to adopt innovation through the provision of financial assistance by relevant institutions while increasing awareness on benefits of adopting feeding technologies through extension.

Use of feed additive Actigen in the production of compound feed for pregnant sows

The introduction of various innovative technologies in diff erent branches of animal husbandry involves the use of various non-traditional feed additives in animal diets, which contribute not only to the disclosure of genetic potential, but also to the removal of heavy metals from the body of animals, bees and poultry. The purpose of the research was to use the Actigen feed additive in the production of compound feed for pregnant sows. Scientifi c and economic experiment in improving the production technology of compound feed for pregnant sows was carried outunder the conditions of a compound feed plant at Agrofi rm Ariant LLC. The object of the study was compound feed, as well as pregnant sows. For the research, 2 groups of pregnant sows (control and experimental) were formed per 10 heads in each according to the principle of pairs-analogues. The sows of control group compound feed without the Actigen feed additive was given, and the sows of experimental group it was with Actigen additive. The Actigen feed additive was used at a dose of 0.5 kg per 1 ton of compound feed. The results of the experiment showed that the experimental group produced by 9 live piglets more than the control group, and the average weight of one piglet in the experimental group was0.15 kg more than in the control group. There were 4 stillborn piglets in the control group, which was 1 head or 33.3 % more than in the experimental group. The average live weight of one piglet at weaning in the experimental group was 6.00 kg, which was 0.80 kg more than in the control group. The weight of the litter at weaning in the control group was 54.08 kg, and in the experimental groupit was 69.60 kg, which was 15.52 kg more than in the control group. Thus, the Actigen feed additive at the dose of 0.5 kg per 1 ton of compound feed had a positive infl uence on the reproductive traits of sows.

Awareness and use of improved livestock feed technologies among agro-pastoral households in the West African Sahel.

Seasonal scarcity of quality feed continues to be a bottleneck for agro-pastoralists and is the most important limitation to livestock production in agro-pastoral systems in the West African Sahel. In this regard, diverse promising technologies to increase the production and availability of quality feed have been introduced. Despite the introduction of various feed technologies in the region, the adoption rate by smallholder farmers is very low. The objective of this study was to identify factors affecting the likelihood of using improved livestock feed technologies among agro-pastoral households in two regions of Niger. A logit model was employed using data collected from randomly selected 218 agro-pastoral households between February and April 2023. The study revealed low awareness and use of improved livestock feed technologies among agro-pastoral households. The findings suggested the positive impact of education level, membership of farmer groups and ownership of small ruminant on enhancing the probability of using improved livestock feed technologies. Households' geographical area was one of the determinant factors in using improved livestock feed technologies. The use of improved livestock feed technologies was also influenced by family size. The study provides guidance to inform strategies by the decision-makers to enhance the utilization of improved livestock feed technologies among agro-pastoral households in the West African Sahel. Suggested strategies may in turn alleviate the current problem of low productivity of livestock, contribute to improving household food security and nutrition among agro-pastoral communities.

Comparison of Paladai Cup Against Nifty Cup Feeding in Preterm Low-Birth-Weight Infants: An Open-Labeled Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Neonatal Intuitive Feeding Technology (NIFTY) cup feeding has been found to be feasible in preterm low-birth-weight babies. However, literature on direct comparison of the same with paladai feeding is lacking. Methods: In this open-labeled, randomized controlled trial, preterm infants (<34 weeks/<1800 g) on full oral gastric tube feeding for at least 3 consecutive days, eligible to be given a trial of suck and swallow cup feeding, prior to initiation of direct breastfeeding, were randomized to the two feeding intervention groups: paladai cup and Nifty cup. The primary outcome was the time taken from initiation of oral cup feeds to reaching complete gavage-free cup feeds for at least 24 hours. Secondary outcomes were the ease of use of both instruments, the adverse effects during and within 10 minutes after feeding, and anthropometric parameters (head circumference and weight gain). Results: The median (IQR) time taken from initiation to complete transition to full cup feeding for at least 24 hours was not significantly different [4(3,7) days in Nifty cup group versus 3(2,6) days in paladai cup group, p = 0.25]. Mean ± SD weight gain from intervention to discharge was also similar in both the groups (16 ± 6 g/kg/day in Nifty cup group versus 17 ± 5 g/kg/day in paladai cup group, p = 0.18). Adverse events did not differ (32.9% in group A versus 27.1% in group B, p = 0.580). Nurses did not find any difference in ease of teaching caregivers [median (IQR) Nifty cup group 4(4,5) versus paladai cup group 4(4,5), p = 0.13]. Conclusion: The efficacy and adverse event rates were similar between Nifty cup feeding and paladai cup feeding in preterm infants. Both feeding modalities can be used prior to transition to direct breastfeeding in preterm low-birth-weight infants.

Microstructure and properties of SiC ceramic-modified aluminium alloy fabricated using wire arc additive manufacturing

A method for improving the properties of the deposited metal in wire arc additive manufacturing of Al–Si alloy is proposed here, which introduces SiC ceramic particles into the side-axis wire feed. The effects of SiC ceramic particles on the macroscopic morphology, microstructure and mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance of deposited metals were studied. The results show that the introduction of SiC particles will not affect the surface-forming quality of the deposited metal; this is likely due to the stable droplet transfer and no splashing. The transverse and longitudinal tensile strengths are increased by 10.1 % and 11.3 %, respectively, while the corresponding elongations are increased by 33.1 % and 47.2 %, respectively. Further, the corrosion resistance and wear resistance of Al–Si alloy deposited metals containing SiC are improved. The (100) base surface has strong texture characteristics along the deposition direction X0, and the maximum polar density decreases to 13.63, which indicates that SiC promotes the transformation of columnar crystals to equiaxial crystals. The interface between SiC and Al is non-coherent, and the performance improvement lies in the enhanced dispersion distribution and load transfer of SiC. A ring structure was prepared using double-wire arc additive manufacturing technology, and the feasibility of side-axis wire feeding technology was verified.

Effect of the complex supplement «Gepasorbex» on the amino acid composition of muscle tissue of pigs

The modern pig breeding is focused on the constant improvement of pig housing conditions, ensuring high quality and safety of products, using effective feeding and breeding technologies, as well as the balanced consideration of ecological and economic aspects. New methods of rearing andfattening pigs affect not only the quantity, but also the quality of the slaughter raw materials obtained. Objective. To study the effect of the complex supplement "Hepasorbex" on the amino acid composition of the studied groups of pigs in the conditions of a commercial enterprise in accordance with the industrial technology. Methods. On the basis of the above, for the assessment of slaughter qualities, young animals were selected for slaughter from groups offattening young animals when piglets reached a live weight of 100 and 120 kg in the amount of 10 heads of each weight condition under the conditions of the limited liability company "Tavriiski Swyni". Next, it has been studied the effect of the complex supplement "Hepasorbex" on the amino acid composition of the muscle tissue ofpigs of experimental groups with a pre-slaughter live weight of 100 and 120 kg in the amount of 5 samples of each group. Results. It was revealed the deep changes in the animal body: in particular, in the amino acid composition of muscle tissue (replaceable, essential amino acids and their ratio) by detailed researches. Thus, 100 g of muscle tissue protein obtainedfrom the carcasses of pigs of the III research group: for pre-slaughter live weight of 100 kg, contains 9.11 g of essential amino acids and 11.43 g of replaceable amino acids, the amino acid index is 79.7 %; for pre-slaughter live weight of 120 kg - essential amino acids - 10.41 g, replaceable - 13.83 g, amino acid index - 75.27 %. The animals of the III research group are characterized by the maximum value of the protein-quality index at slaughter both at 100 kg and at 120 kg - 12.22 and 7.39, respectively, that is, "Hepasorbex" contributed to the biosynthesis of meat of better quality. Conclusions. According to the general zootechnical requirements, the protein-quality index (oxyproline, tryptophan and their ratio) of the III research group corresponds to high-quality pork (7.39 - 12.22), while the II research group (7.02 - 11.58) and the I control group (6.7 - 12.21) meet the requirements ofpork of normal quality. Keywords: technology, pigs, feed additive, amino acid rate, replaceable amino acids, essential amino acids, protein-quality index.