There is an acute necessity to develop a systematic methodology to conserve avian genetic resources, since 1,313 species out of 10,064 known avian species are listed as endangered (IUCN2013). However, limited information is available on the application of germline chimera and semen cryopreservation technologies to secure endangered wild birds. In the presentation, our recent progress and future prospectus on the conservation of avian genetic resources will be discussed focusing on following three topics: 1. Semen cryopreservation : Glycerol, DMSO and ethylene glycol have been widely used for cryopreserving chicken semen. A new method of cryopreserving chicken semen by using N-Methylacetamide (MA) as a cryoprotective agent (Sasaki et al. 2010). It is now possible to cryopreserve chicken semen that can retains high fertilizing fertility and duration of fertility by using MA as cryoprotective agent. 2. New method of isolating gonadal germ cells (GGCs): PBS(-) method has been developed to recover GGCs from early chick embryos (Nakajima et al. 2011). Factors involved in spontaneous GGC discharge from developing chick gonad into PBS(-) has been examined. It has been shown that PBS(-) methods can be applied to collect viable GGCs from some endangered wild birds. 3. Production of germline chimera in chicken using GGCs: It is possible to produce germline chimeras by transferring GGCs recovered from 5, 7 and 9 day old chick transferred into male embryos. However, no female germline chimera has been produced so far by transferring GGCs recovered from 9 day-old chick embryos. References (2~5 references) 1. Sasaki K, Tatsumi T, Tsutsui M, Niinomi T, Naito M, Tajima A, and Nishi Y. A method of cryopreserving semen from Yakido roosters using N-Methylacetamide as a cryoprotective agent. Journal of Poultry Science 47:297-301, 2010. 2. Nakajima Y, Minematsu T, Naito M and Tajima A. A New Method for Isolating Viable Gonadal Germ Cells from 7-day-old Chick Embryos. Journal of Poultry Science 48:106-111, 2011. 3. Tajima A, Conservation of avian genetic resources (Review) Journal of Poultry Science 50:1-8, 2013.