Technology In Manufacturing Industry Research Articles

Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Manufacturing Industry Global Value Chain Position

Using transnational panel data from 61 nations and regions from 2000 to 2019, this article empirically examines both the influence of artificial intelligence on the Global Value Chain as it pertains to the manufacturing industry and its mechanism of action. According to the report, AI significantly improves the industrial sector’s GVC position; this finding still holds after multiple robustness and endogeneity tests of the model. The findings of the heterogeneity test at the national level demonstrate that, in developing nations as opposed to developed countries, AI has a stronger impact on advancing the GVC position of the manufacturing industry. Heterogeneity tests at the industry level show that AI has a significant role in promoting the GVC of high, medium and low technology manufacturing industries. The mechanism test demonstrates three primary ways by which AI contributes to improving the GVC position of the manufacturing industry: by improving both production efficiency and technological innovation capacity, and by reducing trade costs. This study provides policy implications for the promotion of AI with respect to China’s manufacturing industry GVC position.

An analysis of ICT hardware manufacturing in industrialized economies: Growth patterns, productivity performance, and driving Forces

We employ growth accounting and data from the 2019 release of the EUKLEMS database to systematically quantify the primary contributors to value-added and labor productivity growth within the Information and Communication Technology Manufacturing (ICTM) industry across 13 industrialized economies between 2000 and 2015.Our analysis reveals that total factor productivity, labor quality, investments in software, and research and development emerge as the primary drivers of growth. Additionally, when compared to the overall manufacturing sector, the ICTM industry has undergone more extensive restructuring in most economies under examination.Moreover, the study highlights a substantial and widespread adverse impact of the 2008–2009 global financial crisis (GFC) and its aftermath on the ICTM industry. In addition, the United States stands out as a leading player in ICTM's productivity performance, resulting in a considerable gap between the EU and the US in this regard, and the US exhibiting stronger resilience in ICTM labor productivity growth during the crisis-affected period, with total factor productivity playing an essential role.Drawing from its findings, the study offers several policy insights to advance the ICT manufacturing industry in industrialized economies. They encompass strategies to strengthen industry growth drivers and support for ongoing restructuring efforts in response to challenges arising from rapid technological change as well as more intense global competition.

How does digital technology affect total factor productivity in manufacturing industries? Empirical evidence from China

Extensive studies have discussed the relationship between digital technology and total factor productivity (T.F.P.) in manufacturing industries, but far less attention is paid to the nonlinear relationship. Based on the panel data of China’s manufacturing industries and matching data of National Intellectual Property Public Service Network from 2000 to 2019, this article aims to explore how digital technology affects T.F.P. in manufacturing industries. The result demonstrates that a significant inverted U-shaped relationship is between digital technology and T.F.P. The threshold in high technology manufacturing industries is larger than that in low and middle technology manufacturing industries. With the progress of digital technology, the expenditure of technology and equipment upgrading is increasing. However, the marginal return of technology and equipment is decreasing, besides technology innovation. The case of China perhaps provides new insights into manufacturing industries in developing country to gain sustainable development.

Networking of corporate universities in knowledge management: evidence from China

PurposeA corporate university is a knowledge management institution established within an enterprise. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the evolution of knowledge activities of corporate university and their relationship, particularly the role of networking in the knowledge management.Design/methodology/approachHaier, which had the earliest Chinese corporate university in the science and technology manufacturing industry, was employed as a case study. Data were collected by interviews and through consulting the documents of Haier’s corporate university. Grounded theory was used for data analysis.FindingsThe paper finds that corporate universities are engaged in three kinds of activities, namely, enterprise operational knowledge transfer, networking activities and scientific and technological activities. There is a dynamic circular relationship among these three kinds of activities, which form a “figure of eight” cycle model. Networking activities are the hub between enterprise operational knowledge transfer and scientific and technological activities. There is a two-way integration of enterprise operational knowledge transfer and science and technological activities via networking activities. Networking activities, thus, play a key role in the development of corporate universities into knowledge management centers. The scope of the key activities of corporate universities is dynamic and expanding. The double circulation effect among key activities in corporate universities has strengthened over time.Originality/valueBy investigating the dynamic nature of the activities of corporate universities, particularly the role of networking in knowledge management, this research enriches the study of the knowledge management of corporate universities.

Knowledge search, knowledge integration and enterprise breakthrough innovation under the characteristics of innovation ecosystem network: The empirical evidence from enterprises in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.

Enterprises acquire heterogeneous knowledge through external knowledge search and adapt to the change of external environment, which is of great significance to enterprise breakthrough innovation. This paper takes the innovation ecosystem as the boundary of the research paradigm. Based on innovation ecosystem theory, knowledge management theory and enterprise innovation theory, this paper constructs a moderated mediation model of the enterprise knowledge search, knowledge integration and breakthrough innovation under the characteristics of innovation ecosystem network. This model is tested on the survey data of 344 technology enterprise and manufacturing industries including R&D departments in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The research results show that: knowledge integration plays part of the intermediary role between knowledge search and enterprise breakthrough innovation; the larger the network scale, the stronger the network connection, the stronger the intermediary role of knowledge integration on the relationship between knowledge search and enterprise breakthrough innovation. The research results reveal the important role of the innovation ecosystem in enterprise breakthrough innovation. At the same time, the research on knowledge search and enterprise breakthrough innovation should consider the network characteristics of innovation ecosystem and the ability of enterprise knowledge integration.

Calculation and Decomposition Analysis of Embodied Energy and Embodied Carbon Emissions in China’s Foreign Trade Based on Value-Added Trade

Under the new mode of labor division for global production, the method of calculating a country’s energy consumption and carbon emissions is based on a “production side” principle that disregards the embodied energy and carbon emissions caused by international trade. This method is unfair to China and other large, exporting countries. From the perspective of value-added trade, the multiregional input–output model based on the world input–output table and environmental account from the World Input–Output Database are used to measure the scale of China’s value-added trade; subsequently, the import and export net values of China’s foreigntraderelated embodied energy and carbon emissions are calculated. The results show that: (1) China’s value-added exports in 2009 amounted to US $1,045.37 billion, which constitutes 21% of China’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in that year. Nearly half of the value-added exports are to fulfill the final demand from North America and European Union countries; manufacturing and service are the main value-added export industries of China. (2) China has a relatively high unit coefficient for value-added energy consumption and carbon emissions, both representing a net export of embodied energy and embodied carbon emissions in foreign trade. In this regard, energy and mid-level technology manufacturing industries, such as coke, refined oil, and nuclear fuel processing, are the main exporters of embodied energy and embodied carbon.

Risk Assessment of Horizontal Wet Etching Equipment System in Manufacturing Plant Industry

Maintenance is one of the important roles in the high technology manufacturing industry. It is related to the key performance factors of the company such as quality, productivity, and cost. To achieve these factors, a reliability plan should be implemented which helps to maximise production value by implementing successful asset maintenance. This research project aims to focus on the critical process equipment known as Horizontal Wet Etching Equipment (HWEE) used in the wet etching process. The components in the HWEE system were identified by referring to the process and instrumentation diagram (PID) of the equipment and were categorised in different modes. Data on mean time to repair (MTTR) and mean time between repairs (MTBF) were collected based on previous company records. The data were analysed using MAROS software. Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) was done to understand the risk of each of the components. The result shows that piping and gearbox have the highest RPN with 126 and 105, respectively. This study helps to identify critical components and is able to help the company to improve equipment reliability and reduce maintenance cost. Corrective action can be implemented to reduce the RPN for both components. Thus, it would help the industry to increase the key performance and become more competitive in the business environment.

Dampak Spillover Penanaman Modal Asing terhadap Produktivitas Industri Manufaktur Medium-High Technology di Indonesia

This study examines the impact of foreign presence in the Medium-High and High technology manufacturing industry in Indonesia. Using a balanced panel data that consists of 2,397 firms and in the year of 2010-2014, the data was estimated using the multiple regression method. The results show that there is positive spillover when local and foreign firms are in the same industry. Conversely, in different industries, negative spillover occurs in forward linkage when local firms buy the output of foreign firms and no spillover occurs in backward linkage when local firms become the suppliers of foreign firms. The Indonesian government must assure that foreign investment policies must benefit the domestic companies, considering there are some potential losses for domestic enterprises by the presence of foreign direct investment in the domestic market.

QFD Approach in Determining the Best Practices for Green Supply Chain Management in Composite Technology Manufacturing Industries

QFD Approach in Determining the Best Practices for Green Supply Chain Management in Composite Technology Manufacturing Industries

Entrepreneurial teams' acquisition of talent: Evidence from technology manufacturing industries using a two‐sided approach

AbstractResearch summaryOne of the established findings in the spinout literature is that founders with prior industry experience assemble larger entrepreneurial teams and create better‐performing startups. We examine the role of prior industry experience in the startups' next stage—its hiring of new employees. We tackle two empirical challenges—the mutual aspect of hiring and the effect of unobserved variables on employees' earnings using a two‐sided matching model. Our results reveal that even firms founded by entrepreneurs without industry experience can attract new employees with such experience if the founders start with a large entrepreneurial team. Further, startups provide new hires with an earnings premium for their industry experience. Our approach illustrates the benefits of matching models over traditional regressions.Managerial summaryGrowing startups face the question of who to hire and how much to compensate the new hires. Simultaneously, prospective new hires ask which startup to join and how much their salary will be. We explore these questions using a novel method that tackles the mutual selection process. In the context of five technological manufacturing industries, we find that having industry experience within founding teams may not be necessary to attract new hires with high quality if the startup can signal its own quality through other means such as having a larger founding team. Our results indicate that startups prefer employees with industry experience for which startups offer a wage premium. Thus, employees seeking startup employment benefit from gaining industry experience prior to joining a startup.A video abstract is available at https://youtu.be/w00YzYi5VqA.

The role of entrepreneurial orientation and family control of the firm in the economic recovery of underperforming firms

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse how entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and the family control of the company influence the performance of underachieving firms and how they contribute to economic recovery.Design/methodology/approachThe authors test the authors’ predictions on a unique and representative sample of 1,500 Spanish small firms in high and medium technology manufacturing and service industries. Given the nature of the dependent variable, the authors estimate a series of regression models to test the hypotheses. In addition, the authors consider two interaction terms where the underperforming firms’ variable is interacted with family firms and EO.FindingsThe results of analyses show that both EO and family ownership separately increase subsequent performance for underachieving firms.Originality/valueThe study contributes to expand the literature on underperforming firms analysing how strategic and structural factors affect the performance of firms that face an economic downturn. It also provides some guidance for practitioners on the decision and contexts that better serve the economic recovery of underperforming firms.

IT2-based multidimensional evaluation approach to the signaling: investors’ priorities for the emerging industries

Grounded in the signaling theory, the study aims to develop a model for evaluation of emerging industries. The integrated method is proposed to evaluate the emerging industries with DANP (DEMATEL-based Analytic Network Process) and MOORA (Multi-Objective Optimization on the basis of Ratio Analysis) methodologies based on interval type 2 fuzzy sets, respectively. The application is illustrated by considering cleantech, new generation of information technology, biology/biotechnology and high-end equipment manufacturing industries, three dimensions and 12 criteria. The novelties of the study lie in a set of criteria and alternatives for the signaling in emerging industries supported by the literature and suggest a hybrid decision-making model based on the type 2 fuzzy sets. The signaling determinants for emerging industries could be evaluated by the proposed interval type 2 hybrid decision-making approach more accurately. The results demonstrate that the firms, operating in emerging industries at the early stage of their development, have to put emphasis on the third-party endorsements and human capital criteria, aiming to attract external investors. The suggested method lets the external investors narrow their options in selecting emerging industries and select the most attractive industries or spread investments among the most attractive industries.

The Long-Run Interregional Distribution of Human Capital in Austria: What Role for Knowledge Intensity of Production?

The objective of this paper is to identify the determinants of regional human capital endowments within Austria for the observation period 1971–2011. The two key questions are (i) whether, as observed in other countries, the spatial concentration of human capital increases over time and (ii) to what extent the knowledge intensity of current production affects current and future human capital endowments. The present paper combines an explorative with an explanatory study, where the latter consists of cross-sectional and panel regressions. The dependent variable equals average schooling years of the employed persons in a region, the observation area consists of Austria’s 99 districts. The estimations show that human capital endowments have converged across regions until 1991 and diverged again since then. Furthermore, the regression results display a negative impact of low and medium-low, but almost no impact of high and medium-high technology manufacturing industries on human capital growth. In contrast, the impact of knowledge-intensive services is positive.

How collaborative innovation networks affect new product performance: Product innovation capability, process innovation capability, and absorptive capacity

The current literature has investigated the direct relationship between collaborative innovation networks and new product performance, but the results are inconsistent. This research aims to explore the role of product and process innovation capabilities as two distinct mechanisms through which collaborative innovation networks improve new product performance. The study also examines the contingent effects of absorptive capacity on the relationship between collaborative innovation networks and the two innovation capability dimensions (i.e. product and process innovation). Survey data from 258 respondents from the Iranian high and medium technology manufacturing industries indicates the need for caution when developing collaborative innovation networks. We found that the effects of collaborative innovation networks on either product or process innovation capability are significant only in the presence of absorptive capacity. This finding suggests that the level of collaboration with different partners can enhance firms' innovation capabilities only if the focal firm's managers have developed the capacity to scan and acquire external knowledge. Our analyses further indicate that in the presence of absorptive capacity, only collaboration with research organizations and competitors have a positive effect on product innovation capability. In the case of process innovation capability, collaboration with research organizations and suppliers are the most important factors.

Research on the interactive relationship between information communication technology and manufacturing industry

The rapid development and cross-border integration of information communication technology is the key to the transformation of Chinese manufacturing industry from traditional factor-driven to innovation-driven. This paper explores the interactive relationship between information communication technology and Chinese manufacturing industry by constructing the simultaneous equations. The empirical results show that (1) the pulling effect of manufacturing industry on ICT as a whole is relatively weak at the present stage, and the interaction between ICT and manufacturing industry is mainly reflected in the infiltration effect of ICT on manufacturing industry; (2) the strong infiltration effect and the pulling effect between the modular products and the ICT industry show that the technological level of the Chinese manufacturing industry and the ICT industry is matched with each other at this stage, which is found in the analysis of the manufacturing sector; (3) the weak infiltration effect of ICT industry on equipment manufacturing industry indicates that the technical level of the ICT product is difficult to enhance the competitiveness of high-end manufacturing industry.

Technological structure of trade and BOP-constrained growth in Turkey

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the empirical validity of the Multisectoral Thirwall's Law for Turkey over the last half century. Multisectoral Thirwall's Law facilitates the discussion of the effects of the sectoral composition of trade on the extent of the balance of payments (BOP) constraint and consequently on the long run growth prospects of an economy. In particular, structural change favoring sectors with Schumpeterian and Keynesian efficiencies is expected to improve these prospects. Lall's commodity classification on a technology basis is adequate for delineating such sectors. In this study, distinct export and import functions are estimated for primary production, low technology manufacturing, medium technology manufacturing and high technology manufacturing industries using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test and Johansen approaches to cointegration. Resulting income elasticities are used to discuss the structural change in the technological content of Turkish trade and the validity of the Multisectoral Thirwall's Law. Results suggest that Turkey has come a long way in terms of improvements in Schumpeterian and Keynesian efficiency over the last 50 years and that the Multisectoral Thirwall's Law is empirically valid in the case of Turkey.

Performance of Ultrafine Particle Collection of a Two-Stage ESP Using a Novel Mixing Type Carbon Brush Charger and Parallel Collection Plates

A novel two-stage electrostatic precipitator (ESP) for information technology manufacturing industries was developed. It uses a mixing type carbon brush charger located outside of the main gas flow duct to completely prevent contact of the polluted gases with the chargers, and applies an additional electric field between the upper and bottom plates of the charging stage to enhance collisions between ions and particles, thereby increasing the particle charges. The performance of the ESP was evaluated experimentally for ultrafine particles with a mean diameter of 100 nm based on number, and of 200 nm based on surface area by varying the voltages of the chargers and for generating the additional electric field, and by varying the number of the chargers. Finally, the collection efficiencies of the ESP were compared to those obtained from Deutch's collection theory using the average experimental particle charges. The total air flow rate used in the tests was approximately 110 L/min with a 10:1 ratio of the main and mixing flows in the ESP, and the applied voltages of the charger and additional electric field were –10 to –22 kV, and –5 to –10 kV, respectively. Collection efficiencies in the ESP were linearly proportional to the increase in the number of chargers and the increase in the applied voltage to the chargers, which in turn were inversely proportional to the increase in the applied voltage used to generate the additional electric field. A collection efficiency of the ESP of > 90% was obtained at a flow rate of 110 L/min, corresponding to flow speeds of approximately 0.19 m/s through the charging stage and 0.23 m/s through the collection cell based on the total particle number at an applied voltage to the triple chargers of –15 kV and an additional electric field between the upper and bottom plates in the charging stage of –6 kV/100 mm.

How knowledge flow affects Korean ICT manufacturing firm performance: a focus on open innovation strategy

ABSTRACTThe paper presents an integrated viewpoint of technological innovation strategy by considering both the firm and industry levels. Further, we provide a new open innovation framework by adopting a knowledge flow perspective using patent citation information. Finally, we consider a firm’s outbound open innovation performance using cites per patent information together with financial performance to look at both the practical and the potential effects of technological innovation strategy. Through these analyses, this study examines determinants of open technology innovation activity in the information and communication technology manufacturing industry in Korea and draws managerial and policy implications for effective industry promotion and improvement of technology innovation capability.

Skill Gaps and Employability: Higher Education in India

As India grows into a knowledge economy increasing the use of technology in manufacturing and service industries, the emerging gaps at the level of tertiary education are seen as a major constraint. In this article we address the growing mismatch between skills/education and jobs/occupations. We define types of skill mismatch in the labour market, nature of tertiary education, and occupation and industry, and classify high technology and knowledge-intensive industry (KII). To understand skill gaps we analyse where persons with tertiary education are employed and whether recent years have seen a significant change in the absorption of workers with higher education (HE) in different industry and occupation groups. An analysis of skill gaps in graduate intensity of occupations and high technology manufacturing and knowledge-intensive service (KIS) industry provides a policy perspective and inputs to explore ways to address skill mismatch relating to HE. We conclude that policy that encourages non-graduate technical and non-technical diploma/certificate holders into the lower graduate-intensity occupations would help to close the skill gap and reduce the pressure on graduate HE.

Shifts in Lithuania’s agri-food industry export competitiveness: a comparative analysis versus high- and medium-high technology manufacturing industries

Given the rising importance of global value chain, this paper analyses long-run shifts in export competitiveness of Lithuania’s agri-food industry compared to high and medium-high-technology industries in the context of Lithuania’s export vertical specialization. The combination of two complementary parameters of competitiveness i.e. Balassa (1965) index of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Total Effect (TE) index proposed by Nyssens and Poullet (cited in Amador and Cabral, 2008, p. 202) were used. The matrix of both indexes builds on the scheme of analytical tool “products mapping” suggested by Widoto (2009). Our analytical tool is applied for the empirical analysis of export flows of goods by three end-use categories within aggregate agri-food industry the same as four manufacturing industries classified by R&D intensities, i.e. high-, medium-high-, medium-low- and low-technology industries. The OECD’s STAN Bilateral Trade Database by Industry and End-use category at the same time was applied to empirical analysis. The findings based on detailed analysis indicated significant differences in export competitiveness and its gains or losses in a long-term period among different reporting Lithuania’s industries and different goods by end-use category.