Photography Research Articles

Real-time identification and visualization of Egyptian blue using modified night vision goggles

The possibility to use light in the visible spectrum to induce near-infrared luminescence in some materials, particularly Egyptian blue and related pigments, offers a significant advantage in terms of their detection. Since 2008, this property has been exploited to reveal the presence of those pigments even in tiny amounts on ancient and decayed surfaces, using a technical-photography method. This paper presents a new type of imaging device that enables real-time, easy, and inexpensive identification and mapping of Egyptian blue and related materials. The potential of the new tool is demonstrated by its effectiveness in detecting Egyptian blue within some prestigious sites: (a) Egyptian findings at Museo Egizio, Turin; (b) underground Roman frescoes at Domus Aurea, Rome; and (c) Renaissance frescoes by Raphael, Triumph of Galatea and Loggia of Cupid and Psyche, at Villa Farnesina, Rome. The device is based on night vision technology and allows an unprecedented fast, versatile, and user-friendly approach. It is employable by professionals including archeologists, conservators, and conservation scientists, as well as by untrained individuals such as students or tourists at museums and sites. The overall aim is not to replace existing photographic techniques but to develop a tool that enables rapid preliminary recognition, useful for planning the work to be carried out with conventional methods. The ability to immediately track Egyptian blue and related pigments, through real-time vision, photos, and videos, also provides a new kind of immersive experience (Blue Vision) and can foster the modern use of these materials in innovative applications and future technologies.

Evaluation of the consistency of the MRI- based AI segmentation cartilage model using the natural tibial plateau cartilage.

The study aims to evaluate the accuracy of an MRI-based artificial intelligence (AI) segmentation cartilage model by comparing it to the natural tibial plateau cartilage. This study included 33 patients (41 knees) with severe knee osteoarthritis scheduled to undergo total knee arthroplasty (TKA). All patients had a thin-section MRI before TKA. Our study is mainly divided into two parts: (i) In order to evaluate the MRI-based AI segmentation cartilage model's 2D accuracy, the natural tibial plateau was used as gold standard. The MRI-based AI segmentation cartilage model and the natural tibial plateau were represented in binary visualization (black and white) simulated photographed images by the application of Simulation Photography Technology. Both simulated photographed images were compared to evaluate the 2D Dice similarity coefficients (DSC). (ii) In order to evaluate the MRI-based AI segmentation cartilage model's 3D accuracy. Hand-crafted cartilage model based on knee CT was established. We used these hand-crafted CT-based knee cartilage model as gold standard to evaluate 2D and 3D consistency of between the MRI-based AI segmentation cartilage model and hand-crafted CT-based cartilage model. 3D registration technology was used for both models. Correlations between the MRI-based AI knee cartilage model and CT-based knee cartilage model were also assessed with the Pearson correlation coefficient. The AI segmentation cartilage model produced reasonably high two-dimensional DSC. The average 2D DSC between MRI-based AI cartilage model and the tibial plateau cartilage is 0.83. The average 2D DSC between the AI segmentation cartilage model and the CT-based cartilage model is 0.82. As for 3D consistency, the average 3D DSC between MRI-based AI cartilage model and CT-based cartilage model is 0.52. However, the quantification of cartilage segmentation with the AI and CT-based models showed excellent correlation (r = 0.725; P values < 0.05). Our study demonstrated that our MRI-based AI cartilage model can reliably extract morphologic features such as cartilage shape and defect location of the tibial plateau cartilage. This approach could potentially benefit clinical practices such as diagnosing osteoarthritis. However, in terms of cartilage thickness and three-dimensional accuracy, MRI-based AI cartilage model underestimate the actual cartilage volume. The previous AI verification methods may not be completely accurate and should be verified with natural cartilage images. Combining multiple verification methods will improve the accuracy of the AI model.

Teknis Komunikasi Dalam Peluang Usaha Photography Di Prince Studio Photography Padang

This final assignment of scientific paper writing is conducted to understand the communication efforts that can be observed in a professional interaction. In this case, the author focuses observations with the title "Observation of Technical Communication in Photography Business Opportunities at Prince studio photography Padang". It is a final study of scientific work aimed at exploring and analyzing the communication interactions that occur within the photography business environment, specifically at Prince studio photography Padang. In this context, the AIDDA theory (Attention, Interest, Desire, Decision, Action) is used as a framework to understand the communication process that occurs between the photography studio and its potential customers. This scientific paper uses a structured participant observation method to collect data. The results of the scientific paper show that in efforts to build relationships with customers, the photography studio uses the AIDDA theory as a communication technique, starting from attracting attention, generating interest, creating desire, encouraging decision-making, to prompting purchase actions. Additionally, it was also found that aspects such as visual impression, personal interaction, and marketing strategies play a significant role in influencing the effectiveness of communication in the context of photography business.

Deformation Patterns and Failure Mechanisms of Soft-Hard-Interbedded Anti-Inclined Layered Rock Slope in Wolong Open-Pit Coal Mine

Since the beginning of spring 2022, successive landslides have occurred in the eastern pit slope of the Wolong Coal Mine in Qipanjing Town, Otog Banner, Inner Mongolia, which has adversely affected the mine’s production safety. This study aims to reveal the deformation patterns and failure mechanisms of landslides. Firstly, this study establishes the stratigraphic structure of the eastern pit slope of the Wolong Coal Mine using extensive field geological surveys combined with unmanned aerial vehicle photography, drilling, and comprehensive physical exploration techniques. Indoor geotechnical tests and microscopic experiments reveal that rock mass typically exhibits the characteristics of expansibility and water sensitivity. Moreover, the mechanical parameters of the rock mass were determined using a combination of the window sampling method, the Geological Strength Index, and the Hoek–Brown strength criterion estimation theory. Finally, this study consolidates the previously mentioned insights and employs FLAC3D (7.0) software to assess the stress–strain characteristics of the excavated slope. The results indicate that the deformation mode of the Wolong open pit coal mine is the toppling failure of soft-hard-interbedded anti-inclined layered rock slopes. The unloading effect and rock expansion-induced softening lead to stress concentration at the slope corners and more substantial deformation, thereby accelerating upper slope deformation. The deformation and destabilization process of landslides is categorized into four stages: the initial deformation stage, the development stage of lateral shear misalignment, the development stage of horizontal tensile-shear damage, and the slip surface development to the preslip stage. This research offers valuable references and engineering insights for future scientific investigations and the prevention of similar slope-related geological hazards.

PEWARISAN RUGAE PALATINA ORANGTUA PADA ANAK SEBAGAI SARANA IDENTIFIKASI ODONTOLOGI FORENSIK PADA ETNIS BANJAR

Background: Rugae palatine is a forensic organ that can survive and not be altered by any trauma such as from burns. Rugae palatina is one of the organs in the oral cavity that is unique in that there is no same pattern between individuals. This pattern also has peculiarities between individuals and gender. Palatine rugae can also be inherited from parents to children. Purpose: To analyze the inheritance of palatine rugae from parents to children in Banjar Ethnicity. Method: The method used in this research is analytic research with cross sectional method. This study was conducted on 32 families or 96 people whose number of students was divided into 16 men and 16 women. This study was conducted with photographic techniques using fullframe cameras and lenses, occlusal mirrors, LED lights. The results of photography are carried out in the editing stage in the photoshop application with the pentool feature. The data obtained and analyzed using the contingency coefficient correlation test. Results: The results showed a correlation in palatal rugae patterns. The father-offspring and mother-offspring contingency coefficient scores (0.708, 0.760) respectively which indicated a strong correlation in shape patterns between offspring and their parents. These correlations were statistically significant (p value ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: There is a strong and significant inheritance of palatine rugae between father and mother in children. Fathers and mothers have an equal chance of inheriting palatine rugae.Keywords : Banjar Tribe, Forensics, Inheritance, Palatine Rugae, Personal Identification.

Kafka in Motion

Franz Kafka, intrigued by the possibility of representing movement in a still medium, made several drawings of galloping horses. This essay examines these drawings in the context of contemporaneous attempts to capture dynamic motion in visual media. Around 1900, artists and scientists experimented with various painting styles and photographic techniques to depict the movement of human and animal bodies in highbrow art, popular entertainment, and to advance the science of sport. Kafka’s short literary work “Wunsch, Indianer zu werden” represents a related attempt to depict the movement of a horse and rider. This essay draws a parallel between the destabilizing effects of Kafka’s visual and literary representations of a horse in motion, which reveal the productive tensions that arise from representing movement in each medium.

Materializing Magic: How the Witches of Instagram Make the Invisible Visible Through Digital Photography and Editing Techniques

Recently, contemporary witchcraft has become increasingly subject to commodification, with many practitioners criticized for their pursuit of the “witch aesthetic” on social media. With Instagram feeds featuring carefully staged photographs of tools, materials, and spaces related to the craft, these “Insta-witches” or “#witchesofinstagram” often use photo editing applications like Photoshop to digitally manipulate these images in order to enhance their magical or otherworldly dimensions. In this article, I argue that the excessive use of magical “stuff,” along with the staging and editing of images shared on social media does not have to be superficial or devoid of meaning. Rather, I explore how these Witches of Instagram participate in what anthropologist Jennifer Deger refers to as “thick photography”—a process of image creation and alteration that gives rise to multilayered stories capable of extending beyond the bounds of the ordinary. In this context, photography foregrounds the intuitive, imaginative, and embodied ways of knowing central to the practice of magic, making visible that which may otherwise remain invisible. These digital images thus become relationally constituted material surfaces where networks of bodies, objects and energies are visualized, revealing the porous boundaries between categories such as human and nonhuman, internal and external, material and immaterial, and mundane and magical.

High-speed photography and particle image velocimetry of cavitation in a Venturi tube

This article details the construction of an experimental visualization platform for observing cavitation. The platform uses high-speed photography and particle image velocimetry (PIV) techniques to conduct experimental research into the flow pattern and vortex field of cavitation in Venturi tubes. Dynamic mode decomposition is employed to extract the energy distribution characteristics of the cavitation flow field. Cavitation occurs at an exit-to-inlet pressure ratio of 0.595, and the length of the cavitation zone increases as this ratio decreases. When the pressure ratio reaches 0.280, the flow rate remains almost constant and the flow becomes chocked. The cavitation shape evolves periodically in the chocking flow, and the cavitation zone can be divided into three parts: an initiation and development area, a fusion area, and a collapse area. The fusion area exhibits periodic changes in the form of contraction, expansion, and re-contraction. Near the wall, the collapse area exhibits complex boundary conditions, with re-entrant jet causing bubble aggregation, rolling, and shedding. PIV and energy extraction reveal that vortices primarily appear near the wall, where they undergo a periodic process of fragmentation and fusion. The strength of the vortices exhibits a small–large–small pattern that is related to the cloud aggregation, rolling, and shedding caused by the re-entrant jet.

Men with No Story. On the Work and Exhibition Kronos by Martina Lukić

Martina Lukić (born Šimkovičová) has long been reflecting on the coherence between analog and digital photography in her practice. The exhibition Kronos at the Gallery of the City of Blansko brings a visual dialogue between the historical photographic technique of anthotype and artificial intelligence tools.

Experimental study of single droplet impingement on a thin liquid film under a non-uniform electric field

Droplet impingement on a thin liquid film has been extensively applied in the field of spray cooling due to its powerful heat and mass transfer properties. In this study, the impact dynamics of a single droplet impacting on a thin liquid film under a non-uniform electric field was experimentally investigated. Ethanol was employed as the working fluid, and the impact behaviors were captured by high-speed photography technology. The results showed that the impact process sequentially exhibits the phenomena of the liquid crown and liquid column. Five typical crown patterns were identified, and the unique “jet crown” mode was first reported. The crown dimension analysis indicated that the maximum crown height increased with the increase in electric Bond number (0 ≤ BoE ≤ 583.48), while the crown width was likely independent of BoE. Furthermore, this study provided the splashing threshold of the crown under a non-uniform electric field by coupling the BoE with an empirical formula determining the splashing threshold. In addition, a unique phenomenon of jetting liquid columns was obtained. During the ascent phase of the liquid column, the vertical downward acceleration of the liquid column was significantly greater than the gravitational acceleration. The presence of an electric field introduced fluctuations in the liquid column's acceleration, causing the direction of acceleration to alternate between upward and downward. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the physical mechanisms underlying the electric field modulation of droplet impingement behavior.

Reliability of non-polarized versus polarized digital photographs for evaluation of gingival redness

Introduction: The reported prevalence of gingivitis in various developed countries is considered high. This rate escalates with the increase in age, especially around puberty which affects their oral health related quality of life. The consequences of periodontal diseases observed in adults mostly had their inception earlier in life. Gingival conditions were found to be worse than caries among adolescents and were not taken seriously compared to caries. Aim: Comparison between the gingival redness in group of Egyptian children as evaluated using analyzed polarized versus non-polarized digital photographs. Subjects and methods: 47 Egyptian participants aged 11-14 years-old from Newgiza University outpatients’ clinic agreed to participate were recruited and agreed to participate in the study. Gingival redness was evaluated using analyzed digital photographs with and without cross polarizing filter then analyzed via Adobe Photoshop Creative Cloud (CC) 2021 software. Comparison between non-polarized and polarized photos was performed using independent t-test. Results: The study showed that non-polarized photos were significantly higher in number of red pixels than polarized photos as P &lt;0.05. Reliability between two different digital photographic techniques was performed using Cronbach alpha (α), which revealed strong agreement between polarized and non-polarized digital photographic evaluation. Conclusion: Digital photography can be used in evaluation of gingival redness with or without cross polarizing filter.

Grain boundary as an influential feature endues β-HMX powder with enhanced impact tolerance

The handling safety of high explosives, as routinely characterized by the drop-weight impact sensitivity (IS), has important repercussions on the development of explosives. Herein, the impressive low IS of β-HMX (1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane) spherulite and the corresponding desensitization mechanism are elaborated with the influential role of the grain boundary. The sensitivity was evaluated by a substantial number of IS tests using “X out of 25”, Bruceton “up and down” and high-speed photography technology. The collected data, comprising over 12 batches of samples for a total of about 400 impact tests, were analyzed as a function of the particle structure parameters. The IS was found to positively relate to the porosity calculated from Small-Angle X-ray Scattering data which semi-quantitatively reflected the grain boundary in spherulite. The investigation into the influence of shape suggests that while particle shape did contribute to desensitization, the primary factor affecting the reduction in HMX sensitivity was the presence of grain boundaries. The grain boundary strengthening and spherical envelope were found to be influential as they may be beneficial for energy de-localization, thereby mitigating localized heating. The polycrystalline spherulite with purity (>98.5%), sphericity (>80.0%) and porosity (>0.4%) carefully controlled exhibited the ignition probability of 0% and H50 of c.a. 99.0 cm, outperforming any other monocrystalline β-HMX particles. This work introduces the grain boundary as a new consideration for desensitization in energetic crystals, which has been previously underestimated but holds promise for the design of high explosives with improved handling safety.

Focus Stacking with High Fidelity and Superior Visual Effects

Focus stacking is a technique in computational photography, and it synthesizes a single all-in-focus image from different focal plane images. It is difficult for previous works to produce a high-quality all-in-focus image that meets two goals: high-fidelity to its source images and good visual effects without defects or abnormalities. This paper proposes a novel method based on optical imaging process analysis and modeling. Based on a foreground segmentation - diffusion elimination architecture, the foreground segmentation makes most of the areas in full-focus images heritage information from the source images to achieve high fidelity; diffusion elimination models the physical imaging process and is specially used to solve the transition region (TR) problem that is a long-term neglected issue and degrades visual effects of synthesized images. Based on extensive experiments on simulated dataset, existing realistic dataset and our proposed BetaFusion dataset, the results show that our proposed method can generate high-quality all-in-focus images by achieving two goals simultaneously, especially can successfully solve the TR problem and eliminate the visual effect degradation of synthesized images caused by the TR problem.

Toward understanding the damage behavior during orthogonal cutting of 2.5D C/SiC composite based on multi-scale modeling and high-speed photography

2.5D C/SiC composite has been a critical high temperature material for aerospace filed due to its excellent wear, high temperature and oxidation resistance. Understanding the cutting damage behavior is crucial for achieving the high reliability application. This paper presents an in-depth study on damage behavior and material removal mechanism during orthogonal cutting of 2.5D C/SiC composite based on multi-scale modeling and high-speed photography. A three-dimensional numerical micro-macro multi-scale model is established considering the characteristics of the brittle SiC matrix, the isotropic carbon fiber reinforcement, and the pyrolytic carbon (PyC) layer. The orthogonal cutting experiments of 2.5D C/SiC composite with high-speed photography technology is carried out. The results show that the proposed model can accurately predict the microscopic deformation and fracture of the fiber. Meanwhile, surface fiber spring-back phenomenon is found based on high-speed photography, and its mechanism is first explanation based on the stress evolution analysis of the multi-scale model. In addition, it indicates that the increase of the depth of cut has a significant impact on the chip shape evolution, transitioning from powdery, needle-like, to block-like or strip-like shape. The paper covers some new sights for low-damage cutting of 2.5D C/SiC composite materials.

Stable production of dissimilar steel joints in construction machinery by narrow gap oscillating laser welding

Narrow gap oscillating laser welding with filler wire is a promising technique for joining high-strength steels in construction machinery. In order to investigate the influence of beam oscillation on the surface morphology and microstructure of weld joints of two types of commonly-used high-strength steels, a comparative study between oscillation welding and non-oscillation welding was conducted. High-speed photography technique was employed to reveal the microstructure and mechanical properties of the dissimilar joints. The results showed that laser beam oscillation produces two effects: one was to enlarge the heated surface of molten pool, while the other was to stir the liquid metal in molten pool periodically. Under the first effect, the fusion between sidewall and weld bead layers was promoted, while under the latter, coarse columnar grains ceased to appear, but finer grains were formed. The weld joints between Q355 and 35 steels exhibited excellent tensile impact bending performance, which was attributed to the grain refinement effect. The results also demonstrated that the oscillation welding with a contact angle less than 50° could avoid lack of fusion in multi-pass wire-filling laser welding. The influence of the oscillation welding process on the quality of welding was further discussed.

Liquid-liquid flow pattern and mass transfer in a rotating millimeter channel reactor

Abstract Currently, microchannels are widely used in liquid-liquid heterogeneous mass transfer systems due to its excellent mass transfer performance. However, because of the passive mixing principle of traditional microchannels, the improvement of mass transfer performance has a bottleneck. This work proposes a novel rotating millimeter channel reactor (RMCR), capable of achieving liquid-liquid heterogeneous mass transfer enhance by centrifugal force. Three typical flow patterns of slug flow, parallel-droplet flow, and parallel flow in the RMCR were observed by high-speed photography technology. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient (K O a) of the RMCR increased with the increase of the total volumetric flow rate and rotational speed (N) increased. Compared with N = 0 r/min, the K O a of the RMCR increases by 61.5 % at 200 r/min, ranging from 0.013 to 0.021 s−1. The RMCR proposed in this work is expected to be applied to the liquid-liquid heterogeneous mass transfer system with high processing capacity and easy plugging.

Rekonstruksi bentuk lambung kapal dalam format tiga dimensi (3D) dengan teknik fotogrametri

Fishing boat has unique characteristics, such as seaworthiness, maneuvering, boat’s velocity, displacement, fishing gear layout, and catch storage facilities. With increasing development of photographic technology, photography is not merely an art but it has become a field of mathematics, making it a technique that can be integrated with software technology designed to produce digital data objects in the form of 3D images called Photogrammetric technique. This study is to obtain the reconstruction of the boat's hull based on the Photogrammetric software, to determine the effect of photography to obtain a 3D image, and to know the weakness and strength of 3D reconstruction of the boat’s hull. The images in this study were obtained using a POCO F3 smartphone camera integrated with the PIX4Dcatch application and analyzed with Agisoft Metashape Professional (Trial Version). From this research, we concluded that 1) the reconstruction of the boat hull can be obtained by using Photogrammetric techniques in the PIX4Dcatch application followed by the Agisoft Metashape Professional (Trial Ver.) software analysis; 2). With photographic equipment and several data processing software, the boat’s shape could be produced in 3D images, and 3). There are several advantages in reconstructing the ship's hull with the Photogrammetric technique, namely producing the ship's reconstruction of 3D images, obtaining the principal dimensions of the boat, such as the area and volume of the boat, that could be as the basic data for boat resistance and ship stability calculation, and the work could be done by one person only.

“Come to life” realism: View‐Master reels and the legacy of stereoscopic imperialism

AbstractI argue that View‐Master reels upheld the colonial legacy of previous stereoscopic depictions of Indigenous subjects while inaugurating new methods of asserting power in exhibition via its ease of use and “black‐box” structure. Further, focusing on the instrumentalization of stereoscopy allows us to think through how these images intervene in the history of the representation of Indigenous subjects across image media and histories of photographic technology and consumption. In sum, although stereoscopy functions as a marketable tool for narrativizing colonial power, its affective qualities and historical contexts complicate fantasies of unilateral viewing and domination and bring forth histories of resistance.

Os documentos do palimpsesto de Santa Sofia di Benevento (século XI) estudados através da técnica de “imagem multiespectral”

Although the palimpsests codes are not longer a rarity, the rescripti documents are still very rare. It was the practice of reusing parchments already written, then erased and subjected to a particular treatment, for the purpose of recycling for the preparation of a new document. The study in question examines the parchments of Santa Sofia di Benevento and the conspicuous dossier consisting of documents concerning the monastery of Sant’Angelo di Ariano. The membranes examined for this study are twenty-two (twenty-one have double palimpsests, while one is triple), for a total of forty-five documents, all relating to the eleventh century. The new multispectral imaging technique has allowed the identification of new occurrences relating to the sofiano parchment background, through the experimentation of multispectral digital photography and the digital manipulation of dissected images, able to bring out, in their clarity, the traces of the writings no longer visible either to the naked eye, or through the classic use of the Wood Lamp; this new photographic technique allows the isolation and separation of one or more levels of writing.

As seis pinturas de Massimo Campigli do MAC USP discutidas sob o olhar das artes plásticas e dos resultados de análises com técnicas de imagens e espectroscópicas

This article focuses on the discussion of the results obtained with non-invasive image and spectroscopic analyzes (to determine chemical elements and compounds) on the six paintings by the German artist, naturalized Italian, Massimo Campigli, that belong to the collection of the Museum of Contemporary Art of the University of São Paulo (MAC USP). Aspects of the artist’s trajectory, the plastic solutions of the artworks, along with the analyzes made with the spectroscopic techniques of energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF), Raman, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and the imaging techniques of visible photography (VIS), raking light (RAK), transmitted light (TRANS), visible ultraviolet fluorescence (UVF), infrared reflectography (IRR), and radiography (RAD) offer important information on the artist and on his work. These non-invasive analyzes were carried out in the museum itself with portable equipment from the Laboratory of Archaeometry and Applied Sciences to Cultural Heritage (LACAPC) of the Physics Institute (IF) of USP. Overall, the results obtained corroborate with Campigli’s testimonies about his artistic practice, as well as those of people who saw him working in his studio. His palette choice, composed by natural and synthetic pigments, mostly whites and paints with earthy tones, and his creative steps of creating and recreating the paintings, reusing canvases many times, were proven to be true with the analytical investigations.