Field Of Medical Technology Research Articles

Facile fabrication of Artemisia sphaerocephala krasch gum hydrogels by radiation induced cross-linking polymerization and enhanced ultrahigh adsorption for methylene blue

Although Artemisia sphaerocephala krasch gum (ASKG) has attracted growing attention in the field of medical engineering and food industries, however, there are few studies on the gelation of ASKG. In this paper, acrylic acid modified ASKG hydrogels were prepared by radiation induced grafting, cross-linking and polymerization technique for the first time. The semi-IPN structure was prepared by the cross-linked ASKG network and poly-AAc dispersed within the network. The effects of the adsorbed dose on the swelling ratio and gel fraction were investigated. The different acrylic acid content modified ASKG hydrogels (ASKGAAc1 and ASKGAAc2) for methyl blue (MB) adsorption were investigated, and the ASKG hydrogels was also studied for comparison. The influence of pH, contact time, initial concentration, temperature, ion strength on MB adsorption were tested. The results showed that acrylic acid can promote the formation of hydrogel and greatly enhanced the adsorption of ASKG. The adsorption isotherms were well obeyed the Langmuir model, and the maximum adsorption capacity for MB of ASKG, ASKGAAc1 and ASKGAAc2 were 571.43, 1517.8 and 1654.9 mg/g, respectively. Moreover, the MB adsorption by ASKG based hydrogels was exothermic, spontaneous, and more favorable at lower temperature. Furthermore, the adsorption-desorption experiments demonstrated a good reusability of these hydrogels.

Assessing the effect of manufacturing defects and non-Newtonian blood model on flow behaviors of additively manufactured Gyroid TPMS structures

In the field of medical engineering, Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces (TPMS) structures have been studied widely owing to their physical attributes similar to those of human bones. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is often used to reveal the interaction between structural architectures and flow fields. Nevertheless, a comprehensive study on the effect of manufacturing defects and non-Newtonian behavior on the fluid responses in TPMS scaffolds is still lacking. Therefore, the present study fabricated Gyroid TPMS with four relative densities from 0.1 to 0.4. Non-destructive techniques were used to examine surface roughness and geometric deviation. We found that the manufacturing defects had a minor effect on fluid responses. The pressure drop comparison between defect-containing and defect-free models could be differed up to 7%. The same comparison for the average shear stress showed a difference up to 23%, in which greater deviation between both models was observed at higher relative density. On the contrary, the viscosity model played a significant role in flow prediction. By comparing the Newtonian model with Carreau-Yasuda non-Newtonian model, the resulting pressure drop and average wall shear stress from non-Newtonian viscosity could be higher than those of the Newtonian model by more than a factor of two. In addition, we matched the fluid-induced shear stress from both viscosity models with desirable ranges of shear stresses for tissue growth obtained from the literature. Up to 70% from the Newtonian model fell within the desirable range while the matching stress reduced to lower than 8% for the non-Newtonian results. Furthermore, by correlating geometric features with physical outputs, the geometric deviation was seen associated with surface curvature while the local shear stress revealed a strong correlation with inclination angle. Overall, the present work emphasized the importance of the viscosity model for CFD analysis of the scaffolds, especially when resulting fluid-induced wall shear stress is of interest. In addition, the geometric correlation has introduced the alternative consideration of structural architectures from local perspectives, which could assist the further comparison and optimization among different porous scaffolds in the future.

Biophotonic sensor design for the detection of reproductive hormones in females by using a 1D defective annular photonic crystal

Abstract In this research work, we have proposed a one-dimensional (1D) defective annular photonic crystal (DAPC) (AB)5 CDC(AB)5 to identify the presence of reproductive progesterone and estradiol hormones in women. The periodicity of the proposed biosensing design made up of 1D annular photonic crystal (APC) has been broken by introducing a cylindrical cavity D of porous gallium nitride (GaN) material. The inner and outer faces of cylindrical cavity D are surrounded by concentric cylindrical buffer layers of magnesium fluoride (MgF2) material. We have used a modified transfer matrix method with the help of MATLAB software to carry out investigations pertaining to the proposed theoretical work. The two distinct categories of blood samples containing reproductive hormones of different concentrations have been used in this work. The sensitivity of proposed 1D DAPC varies between 159.673 nm nmol−1 L−1 to 170.1525 nm nmol−1 L−1 when a cavity is infiltrated with a blood sample having progesterone hormone whose concentration varies between 0 and 200 nmol L−1. Moreover, the sensitivity of the structure varies between 158.7816 nm nmol−1 L−1 to 170 nm nmol−1 L−1 under the influence of blood samples having estradiol hormones of different concentrations. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed biosensor in the true sense we have also computed quality factor (Q) and figure of merit (FoM) values of the biosensor corresponding to both categories of blood samples of different concentrations. Our study shows that biosensors made up of 1D annular photonic structures are more efficient in comparison to the biosensors made up of planar 1D photonic crystals. Apart from detecting the reproductive hormones in females such kind of APC-based specialized biosensing devices may be very useful in the field of medical engineering and technology.

Designing Recolorization Algorithms to Help People with Color Vision Anomalies

The problem of perception of visual information by people with color vision anomalies remains quite relevant, as evidenced by the interest in studying this problem not only in medicine, but also in the field of medical technology. Researchers around are working on the task to create algorithms and software that can transform images and videos in accordance with their correct perception by people with color blindness. However, today there are no algorithms that allow people with any type, form, and degree of color vision anomaly to correctly perceive the visual information surrounding them. Based on the considered advantages and disadvantages of existing algorithms, conclusions were drawn about the requirements for the designed recoloring algorithms, which are planned to be implemented in software to help people with color perception issues. Such algorithms will not only allow correct video conversion for people with dichromacy and monochromacy but will also enable users with any degree of anomalous trichromacy to perceive the world around them most accurately. In addition, these algorithms will be distinguished by the high speed of the recolorization process, and the “naturalness” of the colors obtained in the process of transformations.

Cognitive impairment in temporal lobe epilepsy

Cognitive impairment (CI) is a common comorbid pathology in epilepsy patients that exerts profound negative impact on quality of life. The CI causes may be due to various factors related to etiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment of epilepsy. A typical disorder in temporal lobe epilepsy is memory impairment. However, neuropsychological impairments may be more extensive and involve other neuropsychological domains. The risk of CI in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy may increase in structural brain disorders such as hippocampal sclerosis as well as in frequent seizures, early onset and long course of the disease. Surgical treatment of epilepsy may positively or negatively impact the cognitive function. In recent years, due to development of neurosciences as well as advances in the field of medical technologies, particularly neuroimaging, genetics, immunology, and biochemistry, new data emerged regarding potential mechanisms for developing CI in patients with epilepsy. The aim of the review is to assess available ideas about neurophysiological mechanisms of CI development, cues influencing emergence of neuropsychological disorders in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.

Classification of phantoms for medical imaging

Phantoms are physical models that mimic biological tissue and its properties in medical imaging. They play an important role in medical quality assurance, research, education, and training, since they can offer an adequate test environment. As the use of medical imaging modalities is a growing field in medicine phantoms are likewise evolving very rapidly. The variety of these phantoms is as wide as the modalities and applications, thus ranging from simple to highly detailed in the representation of anatomy. The objective of this paper is to propose a categorization of the objects defined under the term “phantom” in the literature, to reduce the misuse of this term and maintain a common understanding of the topic as well as ensure that future research efforts are based on solid foundations. This field of expertise is driven by the connection between engineering design and the field of medical technology since engineers are essential in the development of phantoms and require a clear understanding of terminology and applications. Based on a literature analysis a novel classification into distinct categories for phantoms, consisting of possible purposes, applications, manufacturing techniques, and custom design features, is developed.

Tindakan Operasi Plastik Pada Hidung Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Etika Kristen

<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Plastic surgery to change the shape of the nose (rhynoplasty) is a controversy that is present today as knowledge increases in the field of medical technology, increasing aesthetic influence which presents new trends in influencing a person's shape and appearance. On the other hand, nose reconstruction (septoplasty) is also needed because of an accident, disease or certain conditions in the nose. This paper analyzes the issue of plastic surgery on the nose as an effort to provide an understanding of biblical ethics to place this phenomenon in accordance with Christian ethical principles. The goal is for God's people to consider biblical and ethical principles in making ethical decisions before undergoing plastic surgery. In this study, researchers used descriptive analysis methods and literature studies. The type of data used is in the form of various books and articles according to the theme of the discussion. Based on existing research, researchers found that nose specialist plastic surgery procedures must be carried out according to the conditions that occur and are supported by clear goals and motivation. Such as plastic surgery of the cetoplasty type which is mandatory for the method of healing the respiratory tract in the nose and plastic surgery of the rhinoplasty type which actually does not have to be done because it is contrary to God's will, and does not agree with the perspective of bioethics and Christian ethics. It is possible to do this surgical procedure, but it must be based on clear reasons and objectives, and supported by the unavailability of other options apart from how necessary this operation must be carried out.</p><p><strong>Key words</strong>: Plastic Surgery, Septoplasty, Rhinoplasty, Christian Ethics</p>

Polysaccharides for Medical Technology: Properties and Applications.

Over the past decade, the use of polysaccharides has gained tremendous attention in the field of medical technology. They have been applied in various sectors such as tissue engineering, drug delivery system, face mask, and bio-sensing. This review article provides an overview and background of polysaccharides for biomedical uses. Different types of polysaccharides, for example, cellulose and its derivatives, chitin and chitosan, hyaluronic acid, alginate, and pectin are presented. They are fabricated in various forms such as hydrogels, nanoparticles, membranes, and as porous mediums. Successful development and improvement of polysaccharide-based materials will effectively help users to enhance their quality of personal health, decrease cost, and eventually increase the quality of life with respect to sustainability.

Cancer Patient Treatment at Home and Apllyitng Scientific technology in Medical Field - A Case at Bai chay Hospital, Quang Ninh

Cancer Patient Treatment at Home and Apllyitng Scientific technology in Medical Field - A Case at Bai chay Hospital, Quang Ninh

Cultivating design thinking skills through the biodesign process in Japan

BackgroundThe biodesign process, which originated at Stanford University, has had a significant impact on medical device invention. Design thinking skills are core elements in the biodesign process, but there has...

Intelligent temperature modeling in robotic cortical bone milling process based on teaching-learning-based optimization algorithm.

Bone milling is one of the most important and sensitive biomechanical processes in the field of medical engineering. This process is used in orthopedic surgery, dentistry, treatment of fractures, and bone biopsy. The use of automatic numerical control surgical milling machines has revolutionized this procedure. The most important possible complication in bone surgery is the rise of temperature above permissible range and the formation of thermal necrosis or cell death in bone tissue. In the present article, a study on the design of experiment is first conducted by considering the rotational speed of the utilized tool, feed rate, depth of cut and tool diameter as the most important input factors of this process. Then, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is developed to model and estimate the temperature behavior in the process of robotic bone milling. The optimal parameters of the ANFIS system are obtained using teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO) algorithm. In order to model the process behavior, the results of experiments are used for the training (75% of the data) and testing (25% of the data) of the adaptive inference system. The accuracy of the obtained model is investigated via different plots, and statistical criteria, including root mean square error, correlation coefficient, and mean absolute percentage error. The findings show that the ANFIS network successfully predicts the temperature in the automatic bone milling process. In addition, the network error in estimating the temperature of the automatic bone milling process in the training and test section is equal to 1.74% and 3.17%, respectively.

Tools for evaluating the effectiveness of innovative projects in the field of medical technology

Tools for evaluating the effectiveness of innovative projects in the field of medical technology

Biofilm assessment on voice prosthesis used for vocal rehabilitation in laryngectomized patients

Background. Voice rehabilitation in patients undergoing total laryngectomy is fundamental for the social reinsertion of the patient. The gold standard to fulfill this objective is the implantation of a voice prosthesis (VP). The main limitation of VP use is the blockage with fluids and deterioration due to biofilm colonization, which leads to frequent replacements. Objectives. The purpose of the study is to identify the microorganisms that develop within the biofilm colonizing the collected VPs surfaces and the implantation situ and to determine whether that biofilm formation is the main reason for deterioration of VP proper function, leading to frequent replacements of VP. Material and methods. In our retrospective observational study we assessed the biofilm composition of 41 dysfunctional VP from 10 laryngectomized patients by collecting samples for microbiologic tests. The morphology of the biofilm was also observed using scanning electron microscopy, a precious tool for providing an extensive understanding of the microbial colonizing the behavior of the medical device. Outcomes. The microbiologic evaluation revealed a complex, mixed bacterial-fungal multispecies composition and the average time of exploitation for each VP was established. Deterioration of the silicone properties contributes to a large extent to the malfunction of VP. Conclusions. Further research in the medical engineering field and innovative approaches are expected to improve the device lifespan, by proving anti-biofilm properties and thus enhancing the quality of life for laryngectomized patients.

AWARENESS AND KNOWLEDGE AMONGST MEDICINE AND ALLIED STUDENTS REGARDING CORONAVIRUS IN A UNIVERSITY IN KARACHI FOLLOWING AN OUTBREAK

Background: Awareness motivates one to adopt protective measures and enables them to spread the knowledge amongst their peers. The study was conducted to assess and compare the knowledge and awareness among Medical and Allied Students regarding COVID-19 at a University in Karachi, Sindh. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey consisting of 23 close-ended items conducted online, amongst undergraduate Medical and Allied Students. Results: The 520 study participants filled out the web-based survey 232 (44.6%) from Medicine and 288 (55.4%) from Allied Sciences. The mean age of the study Participants were 21.18±1.784 years. The majority students were from medical 176 (33.8%) and medical technology field 108 (20.8%), followed by nursing, dental, physiotherapy and other allied health sciences departments. Awareness and knowledge regarding corona virus were found more in allied sciences students than in medical students (p=0.0001). Conclusion: Awareness and knowledge regarding COVID-19 were better allied sciences students than in medical students. Pak J Physiol 2022;18(1):58–62

Application and Challenge of Blockchain Technology in Medical Field

Due to its unique security, blockchain technology is widely used in the financial field. Under the background of the rapid development of information technology and the rapid improvement of medical level, it is also a general trend to integrate blockchain technology into the medical field. According to the characteristics of blockchain and the research contents of many scholars on the application of blockchain in the medical field, this paper analyzes and summarizes the problems existing in the current development of blockchain, puts forward corresponding solutions, and looks forward to the further application of blockchain technology in the medical field.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ УКЛАДЕННЯ ДОГОВОРУ СУРОГАТНОГО МАТЕРИНСТВА

Technological progress in the field of medical technology, the institution of surrogacy, in which an important role is played by the agreement between the participants of legal relations, no doubt has legal implications. The legal consequences of having a child under a surrogacy contract significantly affect not only the rights of the parties to this contract, but also affect the rights and interests of the child. Our research examines the meaning and essence of the surrogacy contract and identifies its legal characteristics. As a result of the study of the legal structure of the legal relations, it was found that the legal relations of surrogate motherhood are characterized by the traditional structure of relations, namely: the subject, the subject and the content. It is defined that the object is the set of services, the subjects are the participants of these services, and the content is the rights and obligations. The objects in the legal relations of surrogacy will be the services rendered during the whole process. The author defines the following as the subjects: biological parents, surrogate mothers and medical institutions. It is noted that the male surrogate mother is not a party to the legal relationship of surrogacy and cannot be a party to the relevant contract. Analyzed the scientific approaches of scientists to identify the legal nature of the investigated type of contract. It was concluded that the surrogacy contract can be characterized as a contract with a fiduciary clause, since the legal relationship is based on certain elements of trust, which is based on the specifics of the parties to fulfill their obligations.

Experimentally validated vibro-acoustic modeling of 3D bio-printed grafts for potential use in human tympanic membrane regeneration

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a pioneering field of tissue engineering obtaining a special role in most medical engineering fields. Otology is a medicine branch that needs bioprinting technology to receive aids for the reconstruction of aesthetic necessities of the ear and treating hearing loss diseases due to several pathological reasons such as tympanic membrane (TM) perforation. In this work, computational dynamic simulations of 3D printed TM grafts are presented. The main purpose of numerical modeling of these experimentally validated composite scaffolds is to demonstrate the worth of simulation in shortening the design time and decreasing testing costs of biomedical engineering projects. The simulated 3D printed TM grafts were fabricated in two main architectural categories using three different polymeric materials of polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS), flex polylactic acid (PLA), and polycaprolactone (PCL) with uniform infilling of fibrincollagen composite hydrogels. As a numerical and dynamic validation study, firstly, a finite element (FE) simulation of the artificial TM grafts is carried out for a vibro-acoustic analysis by the COMSOL Multiphysics software package. Then a comparative study of results obtained from the dynamic modeling is performed with a set of existing data taken from experimental validation test results from digital optoelectronic holography (DOEH) and laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV). Observations show a good correlation between the acoustic behaviors of in vitro tested 3D printed TM grafts and computational models in both frequency domain motion and normalized velocity patterns. Satisfying correlation between acoustic properties of simulated TM grafts and experimental test results shows potential applications of printed TM grafts in tympanoplasty.

Cardiac Abnormality Prediction using Tansig Based Multilayer Perceptron

An artificial neural network (ANN) is a network designed with adaptation to a computer system. The developed computer system will perform functions oriented to the way the brain works (neuron concept). This study is an extension to the study of the suitability of ANN to be applied in numbers of applications, especially in the field of medical engineering. ANN has been widely being used in medicine, ANN is widely applied in education, research, and even decision making. In this study, ANN will be trained for pre-testing to predict the cardiac abnormalities symptom based on selected reference parameters. This reference parameter is better known as the input parameter to the ANN to detect cardiac abnormalities, among which are the of the height of peak/wave (amplitude) and time occurrence of peak/wave (duration of time) extracted from the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. A complete ECG complex contains a P peak, a QRS wave, and a T peak. For each P peak, QRS wave, and T peak, amplitude height and duration will be measured to serve as input parameters. This makes six parameters defined as inputs to the ANN. This study has used a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) network as ANN structure by being trained using three different training algorithms namely Backpropagation (BP), Lavenberg Marquardt (LM) and Bayesian Regularization (BR). At the end of the study, it showed the MLP network which by BR training algorithm gave the highest accuracy prediction (94.04%), followed by LM (92.95%) and BP (88.77%). In this study all MLP networks were activated using the Tansig activation function.

Current developments in nanotechnology for cancer treatment

The emerging field of nanotechnology find applications in almost every field comprising physics, biology, chemistry, medicine and engineering. One of the foremost promising use of nanotechnology is in the field of medical technology. The well-known cancer treatments like chemotherapy, radiotherapy have several limitations like lack of early disease detection, non-local drug distribution. In these treatments the specific drug concentration reaches not only the tumour site but is distributed all over and hence have very less ability to cure and monitor the effect of the drug in human body. Nanotechnology has made it possible to overcome these limitations to some extent. This paper is an overview of advancements in Nano-biotechnology which helps in delivering the anticancer drug including nanocarriers like dendrimers, nanoshells, polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, nucleic acid based nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles etc. Nanocarriers have the ability to improve the currently available drug’s therapeutic index by lowering the toxicity level of drug, increasing the drug efficacy, achieving steady state therapeutic level of drugs over an extended period of time.

Functional Safety Concept EGAS for Medical Devices

Abstract For patient safety, it is important that a medical device can safely and reliably perform its intended purpose. The challenge in medical technology is that medical devices are heterogeneous systems and thus no widely applicable standard concepts for functional safety exist in medical technology. This is also reflected in the regulatory landscape, with its rather generally applicable standards. Patient safety is currently achieved by performing continuous risk management with an acceptable level of residual risk. Functional safety and its design concepts, as applied in other industries, have so far found little application in the field of medical technology. In this paper, the automotive safety concept "EGAS" is analyzed with regard to its applicability for medical devices. Based on the investigated example of a medical ventilator, important parallels were found between the automotive and the medical device sector, indicating the possibility of successfully applying the EGAS safety concept to medical devices.