Technologies In Energy Sector Research Articles

Carbon emissions cap or energy technology subsidies? Exploring the carbon reduction policy based on a multi-technology sectoral DSGE model

As global climate change becomes increasingly severe, energy technology innovation has become a key means of coping with the climate crisis and realizing green and low-carbon development. However, existing literature rarely examines the effects of carbon emission reduction policies based on the perspective of energy technology progress for both short-term economic fluctuations and long-term equilibrium. This paper introduces the fossil energy technology sector and the renewable energy technology sector into the dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model, and compares the effectiveness of the carbon emission cap policy, the fossil energy technology subsidy policy, and the renewable energy technology subsidy policy under the framework of China’s carbon trading market in promoting macroeconomic growth and controlling pollutant emissions. We found that in long-term, the emission reduction effect of the carbon emission cap policy falls short of the other two policies, and subsidizing fossil fuel technologies is more cost-efficient comparatively. The government expenditure shock can all stimulate macroeconomic growth with crowding out of private investment and household consumption, whereas the energy technology research productivity shock leads to a decline in total output and an increase in renewable energy technology demand. In addition, pollutant emissions are pro-cyclical under the impact of total carbon policies and counter-cyclical under the impact of energy technology subsidy policies. This article constructs a multi-technology sectoral dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model, expanding the research perspective and theoretical framework for evaluating carbon emission reduction policies. At the same time, it proves the importance of the government to implement the phased energy technology subsidy policy while implementing the carbon emission cap policy, which provides important enlightenment for the implementation and adjustment of carbon emission reduction policy.

Automated simulation modeling: ensuring resilience and flexibility in Industry 4.0 manufacturing systems

Industry 4.0 brings a revolution in the way to create and think of products. Consumer needs change rapidly and production systems must adapt quickly to market changes by changing processes, resources, and configurations. In this context, as real manufacturing systems are subject to constant change, simulations can easily become obsolete. This reduces the lifetime of the simulation model, causes repeated disruption in industrial planning support, and consequently continuous maintenance by experts. Within this framework, the novelty of the following research is the development of a flexible and resilient simulation model able to adapt according to its physical counterpart. Through advanced modeling, based on the object-oriented programming paradigm, an automated simulation model has been developed. This model adapts based on input data, ensuring accuracy and real-time planning support. The research is applied to a real case study of the production system of a world leader in the energy technology sector. The results show that the applied simulation tool can analyze different configurations and enhance production planning.

Application of Blockchain Technology in Energy Sector for Sustainable Future

In old energy control system, there was no freedom for users to sale or purchase energy with their own choice and rate because system was centralized and also there were many issues such as electricity theft cases and losses and burden of these losses directly inculdded in public bills. Now after the introduction of blockchain these issues has been resolved such as the blockchain technology give freedom to user to sale or purchase energy according to the own rate with secure transaction system. The conventional energy system with centralizedcontrol technique fails to resolve many issues such as freedom to user’s to sale or purchase energy in network in secure way and combination of blockchain and Microgrid has all feature to resolve all present isssues. In this paper, the blockchain technology features and application of blockchain with clean energy system will be investigate to provide cheap electricity to users by using Microgrid because Blockchain provide complete solutions for energy distribution and trading. In addition, somemajor present issues will be focus such as low efficiency, losses and ant algorithm model to distribute the energy in the network efficiently.

Mineral Resource Constraints for China’s Clean Energy Development under Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality Targets: Quantitative Evaluation and Scenario Analysis

With concerns about global warming and energy security, people are reducing fossil fuel use and turning to clean energy technologies. Mineral resources are used as materials for various energy technologies, and with the development of clean energy technologies, the demand for mineral resources will increase. China is a large country with various mineral resources, but its structural supply problem is severe. For China to reach the targets of carbon peaking before 2030 and carbon neutrality before 2060, they have set specific milestones for developing each clean energy industry; thus, the demand for mineral resources in clean energy will increase. We first summarise the mineral resources supply for China’s development of clean energy technologies. We analyse the demand for various mineral resources in specific clean energy technology sectors under the stated policies scenario and sustainable development scenario through scenario setting. Finally, we combine current domestic mineral resource reserves and overseas import channels to analyse China’s mineral resource supply and demand for developing the clean energy industry. Our results show that the surge in clean energy generation and electric vehicle ownership in China between 2020 and 2050 will lead to a significant increase in demand for mineral resources for these technologies and a shortage in the supply of some mineral resources. In particular, the supply of copper, nickel, cobalt, and lithium will be a severe constraint for clean energy development. We also find that secondary recycling of power battery materials in the electric vehicle sector could alleviate China’s resource constraints. The findings of our study provide a better understanding of the kinds of mineral elements that are in short supply on the path of clean energy development in China under carbon peaking and carbon neutrality targets and the future channels that can be used to increase the supply of minerals.

Do public subsidies trigger firms' overinvestment? Evidence from the Korean renewable energy technology industry.

We empirically investigate whether government subsidies result in firms’ overinvestment using unbalanced panel data from 61 renewable energy technology firms in Korea between 1991 and 2018. Considering the diagnostic test results, we build a panel vector autoregression model and test how overinvestment is influenced by research and development and non-research and development government subsidies and the interactions between subsidies, leverage, and free cash flow. We find that these subsidies do not significantly induce overinvestment by firms. In addition, non-research and development subsidies affect overinvestment positively through leverage and affect it negatively through free cash flow interactions. We also find that leverage and free cash flow do not affect overinvestment in Korea’s renewable energy technology sector directly; however, firms with positive free cash flow tend to overinvest. One factor that drives renewable energy technology firms in Korea to overinvest is external growth opportunities. We suggest various policy implications based on this study’s results.

Assessing Enabling Environment and Challenges for Deploying Climate Technologies in Energy Sector for India

Assessing Enabling Environment and Challenges for Deploying Climate Technologies in Energy Sector for India

The Impact of Environmental Regulation on the Innovation and Diffusion of Low-Carbon Technology in Energy Sector

The issue of climate change caused by GHG is increasingly serious. As the main emission source, the energy sector has promising potential for emission reduction. In the context of low-carbon technology transition in China’s energy sector, this paper uses panel data of 30 provinces from 2000 to 2017, totally 297,721 patent data, and empirically examines how environmental regulation affects regional energy low-carbon technology innovation and diffusion under the framework of the "Porter Hypothesis". In addition, regional heterogeneity is also considered and the sub-samples of eastern, central and western regions were studied separately. The conclusions show significant heterogeneity in regions. The eastern region, which is less dependent on industries with high emissions and energy consumption, environmental regulation does not affect the innovation and diffusion of low-carbon technology in the energy sector. With the increasing intensity of environmental regulation, only the diffusion of low-carbon technology in the central region has been significantly improved, indicating that this region mainly adopts the introduction and learning of existing low-carbon technologies to meet the demand of emission reduction. Under the circumstances of high risk, uncertainty, sunk cost and opportunity cost brought by low-carbon energy technology, covered companies in western region are more inclined to relocate limited resources to schemes rather than low-carbon innovation.

ДЕКАРБОНІЗАЦІЯ, ДЕЦЕНТРАЛІЗАЦІЯ ТА ДІДЖИТАЛІЗАЦІЯ – КЛЮЧОВІ ФАКТОРИ СУЧАСНОЇ ЕНЕРГЕТИКИ

The main trends of the development of energy sector on the current stage due to the concept of “3D”, namely decarbonization, decentralization and digitalization, are considered in the article. The purpose of this article is to determine the relevance of these processes for the development of modern energy sector. To achieve this goal the author uses such general scientific research methods, as analysis, synthesis, theoretical generalization, abstraction and analogy, graphic analysis, etc. The dynamics of CO2 emissions in the world is considered by the author. As carbon emission has a significant impact on the climate changes, it is necessary to regulate the level of CO2 emissions in order to prevent irreversible changes. It is found that since the production of energy from fossil fuel is associated with carbon emission, in order to reduce this emission and achieve the target level, it is necessary to use renewable energy sources. The use of renewables allows autonomous supplying energy to enterprises and makes it possible to create a decentralized energy systems, transforming the market, which can be organized using the market model of P2P-tradingn (“Peer-to-Peer”). The concept of information technologies is determined based on the analysis of scientific literature. It is revealed that the development of information technologies in energy sector, namely “blockchain”, “AI” (artificial intellect), “IoT” (Internet of Things), “big data” and its management, etc. is taking place in accordance with the global trend of digitalization. Digitalization may allow to create the competitive environment in the energy market and to form prices and tariffs on the energy services based on the market principles. Moreover, use of information technologies may enable energy security and promote renewables use. The author shows that the combination of processes of decarbonization, decentralization and digitalization in energy sector makes it possible to create a special platform for organizing such P2P-trading on the energy market, to ensure its transparency and realization of interests of all participants.

Identifying spatial technology clusters from patenting concentrations using heat map kernel density estimation

In this paper a methodology for identifying and delineating spatial technology clusters based on patenting concentration is developed. The methodology involves the automated geocoding of patent inventor addresses, the application of a home bias correction factor and a sensitivity analysis to determine the optimal parameters of the kernel density estimation interpolation distance and the minimum concentration threshold to identify clusters. The methodology’s performance is compared to a number of other cluster identification methods and it is validated across 18 individual sectors, including mature broad-based high-technology sectors and emerging niche sustainable energy technology sectors. The results suggest that the performance of the methodology exceed that of alternative cluster identification methods, although there is some variation in performance between different sectors. This demonstrates that the methodology provides researchers, practitioners and policy makers with a useful tool to gain insight into the spatial distribution of sectoral innovation activity at a global scale and sub-national regional level and to monitor changes over time, thereby supplementing more readily available global statistical data which is available at the national level.

Leverage of Mathematics and its Related Field in the Energy Technology Sector

This paper explicitly defines the need for mathematics graduates for the growth, expansion, and operation of technologies in the solar energy sector of the country. Using exploratory data analysis from the Philippine Statistics Association (PSA), this study explains the likeliness of regions in terms of qualified math graduates and HEIs competent programs amid the growing demand for solar energy. Resulting areas are pioneer, dynamic, and emerging adopters, which all direct to the creation of individuals saturated with math concepts and principles, which are critical skills for innovation in the energy sector. Furthermore, enhancement of curricula gearing towards technology-driven courses of all tertiary institutions may help in the creation of such graduates.

Digital Community Biomass Power Plant Competitiveness in Thailand

The participation of citizens and communities as partners in energy projects are transforming the energy system. Community enterprise initiatives are offering new opportunities for local residence to get actively involved in energy matters. Meanwhile, the worldwide deployment of digital technology in energy sector has become a trending subject of sorts among industry giants as well as the start-up investor community, with applications ranging from grid transactions, financing and transparency in supply chain. This paper reviewed the community biomass power plants sector to comply with the resolution of the National Energy Policy Council, rules and regulations based on a Porter's Diamond model. The results show that such collaborations between local residents and private sector or private sector with state organisation can lead to win-win situations, digitalizing the community biomass power plant by connect all relevant sectors through digital platform and sophisticated innovation in particular Fintech and IT have important potential implications for the implementation of a range of sustainable development and enhancing security and efficiency of the power plant. It is considered to be of great importance in order to enhances competitiveness and will continue to be supported by the government.

Portfolio matrix analysis for the improvement of R&D productivity in the energy technology sector

Portfolio matrix analysis for the improvement of R&D productivity in the energy technology sector

Industry and Environment Policies, and Export Performance: Evidence of Renewable Energy Technology Sector

Purpose - This study investigates the question of how industry and environment policies, and the interaction of the two policies on export performance of renewable energy technology and products. Design/methodology/approach - This study uses panel data for IEA 27 countries over the period 1995-2016. This study performs various tests to confirm the characteristics of the panel data. Considering the test results, this study establishes a dynamic panel vector error correction model to test the relationship between the variables in question. We use dynamic OLS (DOLS) to test long-run relationship, and squared dummy variable corrected (LSDVC) to test short-run relationship between the variables in question. Findings - The results of DOLS show that technology-push policy, environment policy, and the interaction of the two policies have positive effects on export performance in the long run, LSDVC’s results indicate that demand-pull policy, environment policy, and the interaction between the two policies positively affect export performance. This study shows that there is a dynamic path dependence between the previous and the present export performance. Research implications or Originality - This study explores the effects of policy-mix of renewable energy industry policy and environment policy on export performance, which is disregarded by the existing literature. Based on the results of the study, implications for efficient implementation of renewable energy industry policy and environment policy, and the policy-mixt that are able to promote export performance are proposed.

Ecosystem of outcome-based contracts: A complex of economic outcomes, availability and performance

The number of studies concerning outcome-based contracts (OBCs) has gradually increased over the past decade, with a focus on servitizing companies. The mutually beneficial baseline logic behind such contracting provides a fascinating area for research because, for instance, it facilitates overcoming the service paradox through network-driven value co-creation. In addition to contractual techniques, the digitization of services in product-service systems (PSS) has gained attention as the enabler of the given business models. We set out to research OBCs that are based on economic value (eOBCs) in the energy technology sector. We mapped the ecosystem surrounding IPP-provider contract relationships and found that the outcomes sold ultimately consist of value propositions made to serve economic outcomes that subsume availability guarantees, which subsequently subsume performance. The depiction of the value system serves as a basis on which to develop future findings concerning practices comprising the outcomes.

How Government Supports Affect Firms’ Sustainable Growth: Evidence from Renewable Energy Technology Sector

How Government Supports Affect Firms’ Sustainable Growth: Evidence from Renewable Energy Technology Sector

The Nexus between Dynamic Efficiency of Government Policy and Export Performance in Renewable Energy Technology Sector: A Dynamic Panel Approach

This paper tests the relationship between dynamic (innovative and green-innovative) efficiencyof government policy and export of renewable energy technologies using the dynamic panelapproach. Panel data for 20 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)countries for the period covering 1994-2012 were used. Taking into account the results ofpanel framework analyses, the panel vector autoregression (VAR) model in the first differencewas used to test the relationship among the variables in question. Panel generalized method ofmoments (GMM) estimation was conducted, then on the basis of the difference in GMMestimation results, causality was determined by running Walt tests on the coefficients ofvariables. The results from the study show that there is no long-run linear causal relationshipbetween dynamic innovative or green-innovative efficiency of policy and export. Moreover,there is a short-run linear causal relationship running from dynamic innovative efficiency ofpolicy to export, and between dynamic green-innovative efficiency of policy and export

Efficiency Analysis of R&D Productivity within the Korean Renewable Energy Technology Sector

In Korea, the bulk of investment in research and development within the renewable energy sector is channeled towards technologies which are close to commercialization. In addition, the majority of financial support from government agencies reflects an investment in firms, rather than universities or small firms. However, the performance, in terms of market share and price competitiveness, of Korean renewable energy technology is still very low in the overseas market. There remains a greater amount of R&D investment is received by large firms rather than smaller firms. However, it has not been shown that the R&D efficiency of larger firms is greater than that of smaller firms. The paper estimates that a productivity of 1340 R&D projects from 2008 to 2012 in renewable energy technology by performers and by technical progress phase using output-oriented BCC modelling in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The results reveal that the efficiency of basic R&D research is higher in universities and institutes, while the efficiency achieved in applied research is higher within larger firms. However, the efficiencies achieved in development research is low in general, regardless of whether the R&D is carried out in a large firm, smaller form or university.

Globalizing Solar: Industry Specialization and Firm Demands for Trade Protection

Governments are investing billions of dollars in low-carbon energy technologies in order to address climate change. Recently governments have also adopted protectionist measures in low-carbon energy technology sectors. In the solar photovoltaic industry, governments in both Europe and the United States responded to a rise in Chinese module exports through the imposition of tariffs, voluntary export restraints and other measures. The government in Japan, however - another major solar market - has not done so. We hypothesize that the position of firms in global value chains shape their preferences vis-a-vis trade protection. Our findings show the policy positions of the majority of firms align with expectations. In doing so we provide evidence that industry specialization shapes firm demand for trade protection in a major green industry. More generally, our research suggests the globalization and fragmentation of supply chains creates important trade-offs for governments by pitting industrial interests against upstream and downstream firms and environmental interests seeking to maximize market penetration of renewable technologies.

Economic Effects of Renewable Energy Expansion: A Model-Based Analysis for Germany

Increasing utilization of renewable energy sources (RES) is a priority worldwide. Germany has been a forerunner in the deployment of RES and has ambitious goals for the future. The support and use of renewables affects the economy: It creates business opportunities in sectors producing renewable energy facilities, but also comes along with costs for supporting the deployment of renewables. This paper analyses and quantifies the net balance of economic effects associated with renewable energy deployment in Germany until 2030. To this end, we use a novel model, the 'Sectoral Energy-Economic Econometric Model' (SEEEM). SEEEM is an econometric multi-country model which, for Germany, contains a detailed representation of industries, including 14 renewable energy technology sectors. Our results show that renewable energy expansion can be achieved without compromising growth or employment. The analysis reveals a positive net effect on economic growth in Germany. Net employment effects are positive. Their size depends strongly on labour market conditions and policies. Results at the industry level indicate the size and direction of the need for restructuring across the sectors of the Germany economy.

Drivers, barriers, and strategies for implementation of renewable energy technologies in rural areas in Bangladesh—An innovation system analysis

Bangladesh has good potential for harnessing renewable energy sources such as solar, biomass, wind, and mini-hydropower. The country has been experiencing a gradual shift towards exploring renewable energy resources as a driving force for rural development. A few public sector and non-government organizations have started to develop renewable energy technology (RET) projects in rural areas. The lessons learnt from different demonstrations of RET projects reveal that with careful forward planning renewable energy can provide far-reaching economic, environmental, and social benefits to people living in remote rural areas in Bangladesh. This paper identifies some of the barriers that need to be overcome for the successful development of renewable energy technology sector and betterment of rural livelihoods. It does so through a critical review of policy and institutional settings, as well as present status and lessons learnt from pilot demonstration of a number of RET projects undertaken by different organizations. The study highlights policy implications of the review with the aim of supporting decision makers in formulating renewable energy policies and future plans for Bangladesh.