ДЕКАРБОНІЗАЦІЯ, ДЕЦЕНТРАЛІЗАЦІЯ ТА ДІДЖИТАЛІЗАЦІЯ – КЛЮЧОВІ ФАКТОРИ СУЧАСНОЇ ЕНЕРГЕТИКИ

Abstract

The main trends of the development of energy sector on the current stage due to the concept of “3D”, namely decarbonization, decentralization and digitalization, are considered in the article. The purpose of this article is to determine the relevance of these processes for the development of modern energy sector. To achieve this goal the author uses such general scientific research methods, as analysis, synthesis, theoretical generalization, abstraction and analogy, graphic analysis, etc. The dynamics of CO2 emissions in the world is considered by the author. As carbon emission has a significant impact on the climate changes, it is necessary to regulate the level of CO2 emissions in order to prevent irreversible changes. It is found that since the production of energy from fossil fuel is associated with carbon emission, in order to reduce this emission and achieve the target level, it is necessary to use renewable energy sources. The use of renewables allows autonomous supplying energy to enterprises and makes it possible to create a decentralized energy systems, transforming the market, which can be organized using the market model of P2P-tradingn (“Peer-to-Peer”). The concept of information technologies is determined based on the analysis of scientific literature. It is revealed that the development of information technologies in energy sector, namely “blockchain”, “AI” (artificial intellect), “IoT” (Internet of Things), “big data” and its management, etc. is taking place in accordance with the global trend of digitalization. Digitalization may allow to create the competitive environment in the energy market and to form prices and tariffs on the energy services based on the market principles. Moreover, use of information technologies may enable energy security and promote renewables use. The author shows that the combination of processes of decarbonization, decentralization and digitalization in energy sector makes it possible to create a special platform for organizing such P2P-trading on the energy market, to ensure its transparency and realization of interests of all participants.