Design Technology Research Articles

Recent Advances in Designing Adeno-Associated Virus-Based Vaccines Against Viral Infections

Over 80% of the world’s deadliest pandemics are caused by viral infections, and vaccination remains the most effective way to prevent these infections from spreading. Since the discovery of the first vaccine over two centuries ago, several vaccine design technologies have been developed. Next-generation vaccines, based on mRNA and viral vector technologies, have recently emerged as alternatives to traditional vaccines. Adenoviral vector-based vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 have demonstrated a more sustained antibody response as compared to mRNA vaccines. However, this has not been without complications, with a few cases of severe adverse events identified in vaccinated individuals, and the underlying mechanism is the subject of intense investigation. Adeno-associated viral vectors induce a weaker cellular immune response compared to adenoviral vectors, and it is mainly for this reason that there has been a diminished interest in exploring them as a vaccine platform until recently. This review will discuss recent developments and the potential of adeno-associated viral vectors as anti-viral vaccines.

Design and implementation of anti-mapping security access technology based on illegal scanning

Abstract In the current field of information security, illegal network scanning activities are prevalent, and such behaviors are usually aimed at detecting security vulnerabilities in network systems and preparing for future attack activities. This study proposes a secure access system based on anti-mapping technology, which aims to effectively block illegal scanning behaviors while ensuring that the normal access of legitimate users is not affected. The system integrates advanced behavioral analysis algorithms that utilize machine learning techniques for deep learning and pattern recognition of network traffic, and is able to accurately distinguish between normal user activities and malicious scanning attempts. At the core of the system is a set of dynamic adaptive identification mechanisms that update the detection algorithms in real time to adapt to emerging scanning techniques and attack strategies by continuously learning from changes in network traffic. In addition, the system employs role-based access control (RBAC) policies to enhance the protection of sensitive resources. The Secure Access Gateway is deployed at the boundary of the network to monitor and filter all ingress traffic, effectively intercepting unauthorized scanning activities by comprehensively evaluating the source, behavior and frequency of traffic. Experimental results show that the proposed two-layer network structure performs well in detecting common threats such as port scanning, DDoS attacks, and SQL injections, with an accuracy rate of over 95%. Especially for complex and covert APT (advanced persistent threat) attacks, the system can significantly reduce the false alarm rate and effectively improve the detection speed. However, when dealing with some highly customized malware, the system's recognition ability still needs to be improved, which indicates that future research needs to focus more on enhancing the ability to learn and adapt to unknown threats.

Research on the green development path of prefabricated building industry based on intelligent technology

PurposeIn order to make the construction industry develop in the direction of greening, this paper analyzes whether the application of intelligent technology in prefabricated buildings can achieve carbon emission reduction, starting from the problems of weak technology and insufficient encouragement policies in the prefabricated building industry. It also designs dynamic and adjustable incentives for the smart transformation of prefabricated buildings and makes recommendations to facilitate the transformation of assembly manufacturers into “smart factories”.Design/methodology/approachThis paper takes the intelligent technology for carbon reduction, energy efficiency and policy design in the prefabricated buildings industry as the starting point. Based on in-depth expert interviews and questionnaire survey data, a linear multiple regression model is used to establish an association network of intelligent technology in the production and transportation, construction, operation and maintenance, demolition and scrapping stages. On this basis, an evolutionary game theory is used to construct a smart transformation and carbon reduction utility game model between the government and manufacturers, and relevant suggestions for smart empowerment of green construction development technology combinations and policy settings are proposed.FindingsAn assembly manufacturing plant with smart empowerment is an important way to achieve green and sustainable development in the construction industry. Among them, BIM and IoT have made a greater impact on carbon emission reduction of prefabricated buildings in all stages of the whole life cycle. The government’s proposed energy efficiency incentives and environmental tax amount will effectively increase companies' motivation for smart transformation of prefabricated buildings. However, when the environmental tax amount is low, the government should strengthen the regulation of the industry in order to increase the speed of smart transformation of assembly manufacturers. Therefore, a reasonable setting of the environmental tax rate and energy-saving incentives and flexible adjustment of the regulatory efforts can maximize the functional utility of the government in the process of smart transformation.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper focuses on the impact of intelligent technologies on the overall carbon emissions of the industry and provides an evolutionary analysis of the strategic game between the government and assembly manufacturers, the main players in the smart transformation process of prefabricated buildings. However, smart technologies for different categories of assembly manufacturing plants and strategic options for a wider range of stakeholders have not been examined in depth.Originality/valueDifferent from existing research, this study focuses on exploring the strategic game between the government and assembly manufacturers in the smart transformation of prefabricated buildings. It provides an innovative explanation of the connection between intelligent technology and carbon emissions. The study develops an evolutionary game model for both parties, addressing the research gap on the combined effects of policy incentives and intelligent technology on carbon reduction and efficiency improvement in the prefabricated buildings industry. This research not only offers practical reference for the government in designing incentive mechanisms and establishing regulatory systems but also provides feasible practical guidance for the smart transformation and carbon reduction efforts of assembly manufacturing plants.

Use of scenario-based activities for learning and confidence in accelerated bachelor nursing students in acute settings

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a unique, case based, learning activity, Background: There is a great call and demand for nurse educators to prepare practice ready nurses who display critical thinking and clinical judgement. Improved critical thinking and clinical judgement have been demonstrated from case study-based learning. Along with case studies, gamification has been demonstrated to be an effective learning strategy not only in nurse education, but in other high-risk professions. In our study we combined case studies and gamification to create a new, scenario-based learning activity. Design: This qualitative study used forums to elicit the student’s experience with the learning activity. Methods: Choose your own Pathway (CYOP) allow students to make clinical decisions in a safe, structured environment and to experience the consequences of those clinical decisions. Accelerated Undergraduate students were given three mega CYOPs based in PowerPoint corresponding to three didactic theory units. CYOPs provide students with clinical data and allowed them to make decisions based on this information and to experience the consequences of those decisions. Upon completion of these activities, students were asked to participate in a forum to discuss their experience with the CYOPs. Results: After analysis, three main themes, with two subthemes, were identified: (1) the CYOP’s engaged students thinking and led to use of clinical judgement through realism and prioritization of nursing decisions, (2) the CYOP’s interactive engagement facilitated knowledge application through adaptive learning not memorization, and (3) the CYOPs technology design interfered with learning. Theme 1 subthemes included (1) interaction variety and (2) putting pieces together. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate the potential for the CYOP learning activity to promote critical thinking and clinical judgement by placing students in the role of the nurse in simulated real-world scenarios. CYOPs are an innovative approach to enhance students learning and positively impact their readiness for the clinical setting.

Environmental factors influencing choice of spelling and graphic symbols in communicative interactions of adolescents who use communication aids

This exploratory interpretative qualitative study aimed to investigate environmental factors influencing “in the moment” decisions about use of graphic symbols or spelling in face-to-face communicative interactions, by adolescents who use communication aids and are learning how to spell. The participants were six adolescents who used speech generating devices and their mothers. Data collection consisted of seven to eight communicative interactions between adolescents and their mothers and follow up interviews with the participants. Each dyad took part in three Zoom sessions. Researchers identified the communication mode shifts between graphic symbols and spelling during interactions and subsequently discussed with participants the reasons for these shifts. The interview data were analyzed using Charmaz’s constructivist grounded theory approach to coding. The analysis revealed three themes explaining environmental factors relevant to choosing spelling or graphic symbols in communicative interactions, which were: (a) features of the communication aid; (b) communication partner’s skills and their knowledge of the shared experience; and (c) opportunities to practice and use spelling. The findings provide insights into the importance of providing opportunities to practice and use spelling, communication partner’s skills and knowledge of shared experience and communication aid technology design which can help to facilitate spelling during communicative interactions.

Ideal Connected Home Configurations: Insights From Expert Users

Connected Homes incorporate various digital and communication technologies that allow for control and monitoring through a centralized system, ranging from basic to advanced automation. Nevertheless, users often face issues such as interoperability and complexity which hinder the full potential of these technologies and shows the existing state of Connected Homes falls short of the ideal configurations users envision. This research seeks to narrow this gap by delving into the desires and frustrations of current Connected Home users, thus shaping a roadmap for the future development and refinement of smart home technologies. Through a series of in-depth interviews with six early adopters, we explored specific desires and criteria for an ideal connected home. The findings offer insights into various types of connected homes and how technological innovations and design improvements should be approached, considering users’ living conditions and lifestyles.

Utilizing 3D Model and Comparison Software Tools in Improving Assessment Methods: A Pilot Study

Purpose/Objectives: This manuscript investigates the effectiveness of computer-assisted design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology in preclinical dental education. The COVID-19 pandemic created a need for remote teaching approaches. In preclinical fixed prosthodontics courses, traditional evaluation methods rely on faculty to visually grade laboratory projects utilizing rubrics and 2D images. Assessment and feedback vary amongst faculty, and faculty calibration has been inconsistent in reducing intra-and inter-rater variability. This study aimed to compare faculty assessment of student full coverage crown (FCC) preparations traditionally versus digitally through 3D model visual assessment and/or comparative analysis software reports. Methods: Eighteen UTHealth Houston School of Dentistry faculty participated, each randomly assigned into one of three assessment groups: traditional visual Group (TV), 3D Group (3D), and 3D visual assessment supplemented with comparative analysis software report (3D+) Group. Faculty graded the same eight lithium disilicate typodont preparations for all three assessment groups. Results: Survey results showed the ease of use and efficiency among the three assessment methods varied significantly. Grading scores revealed that axial wall reduction significantly differed among the three assessment methods. Conclusion: This study concludes that the combination of the two digital assessment methods can overcome the limitations of traditional evaluation methods and digital methods alone by providing objective feedback to students and enhancing their learning experience.

Research on the Application of Digital Technology in Environmental Art Design

In the context of rapid development within the global education system, the widespread application of digital technology is profoundly changing the educational environment, particularly in the field of environmental art design. The use of digital tools has significant impacts on teaching effectiveness and innovative practices. This paper analyzes the current application of digital tools, virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and other technologies in environmental art design, exploring how digital technology enhances students' design abilities and innovative thinking. Additionally, by integrating intelligent design tools and interdisciplinary innovation pathways, this paper examines the transformative effects of digital technology on teaching models and proposes strategies for teaching feedback and improvement based on data analysis. The research results indicate that effective application of digital technology not only improves teaching quality but also offers greater possibilities for future educational innovation. In the future, the application of digital technology in educational environments will further deepen, leading to ongoing impacts and transformations in environmental art design education.

Factors Affecting Project Owners' Commitment to Implement Green Building Principles in the South Kalimantan Province of Indonesia

The construction of green buildings faces various challenges, including high costs, extended implementation timelines, and numerous requirements that must be satisfied. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing the implementation of green buildings. The research focuses on the PUPR Office in South Kalimantan Province, as well as planning consultants, construction management personnel, and contractors involved in the construction projects of the South Kalimantan Sports Hall and the Sheikh Muhammad Arsyad Al-Banjari Mosque in South Kalimantan Province. Key factors affecting the implementation of green buildings include financial commitment, energy savings, and the utilization of environmentally friendly materials. These factors encompass several variables: additional fund allocation for green buildings, the skills and experience of designers, the integration of natural and artificial lighting, energy-saving planning, the application of prefabrication technology and flatpack design, the use of sustainable materials, the incorporation of local wisdom, and strategies for light efficiency and outsourcing that involve gain sharing. Keywords: Building Construction, Building Energy Performance, Energy, Green Building, Green Construction

Prioritizing sustainability indicators for Uganda's built environment: Expert perspectives using the Delphi technique

The growing emphasis on energy efficiency within the built environment, driven by global concerns over climate change, has resulted in notable shifts in building energy consumption patterns. Achieving reductions in building energy use and CO₂ emissions through sustainable strategies necessitates the development of country-specific policies. While numerous energy assessment tools are available internationally, they often lack contextual relevance for Uganda and many Sub-Saharan African countries.Therefore, there is a pressing need for a tool tailored to Uganda's distinct climatic conditions. This study aimed to identify key building sustainability indicators to promote energy efficiency in Ugandan buildings. Utilizing the Delphi Technique, experts from academia, construction, energy consulting, and government agencies evaluated 35 building indicators over two assessment rounds. The consensus among experts was validated using the Interrater Agreement, with a significant Kendall's W value exceeding 0.6, rising from 0.655 in the first round to 0.704 in the second. Construction consultants showed the highest W value (0.77) in the second round, followed by energy consultants (0.74), while academicians had the lowest (0.7). The Chi-square test demonstrated strong agreement in ranking indicators across 34 degrees of freedom. The most significant indicators identified include "B20 - Optimization of energy use," "B8 - Advanced design and construction technology," and "B27 - Natural ventilation design," among others. The Delphi Technique was instrumental in achieving expert consensus, while interrater agreement was used to validate and ensure the reliability of the findings. The developed framework provides critical insights for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers seeking to advance energy efficiency and sustainability within Uganda's built environment.

Communication, Climate Mitigation, and Behavior Change Interventions: Understanding Message Design and Digital Media Technologies

Using the socio-ecological model of social and behavior change communication, our review highlights current trends in understanding message design factors and media technologies promoting proenvironment and climate mitigative behaviors. We explain that much of this research has focused on the individual level, and relatively few studies have been conducted at the interpersonal and community levels. With respect to changing communication ecology, we note the potential for research on the use of social media platforms to influence positive behavior changes and, conversely, the challenges of misinformation and its impact on behavior shifts. This area requires further investigation as these communication platforms transform and become increasingly relevant. Additionally, we need to explicate the long-term shifts and impacts of behavior change interventions as well as track behaviors over time. Overall, our review underscores the continued need for research across different geographical, sociopolitical, and technological contexts.

Patient Preferences Concerning Humanoid Features in Healthcare Robots

In this paper, I argue that patient preferences concerning human physical attributes associated with race, culture, and gender should be excluded from public healthcare robot design. On one hand, healthcare should be (objective, universal) needs oriented. On the other hand, patient well-being (the aim of healthcare) is, in concrete ways, tied to preferences, as is patient satisfaction (a core WHO value). The shift toward patient-centered healthcare places patient preferences into the spotlight. Accordingly, the design of healthcare technology cannot simply disregard patient preferences, even those which are potentially morally problematic. A method for handling these at the design level is thus imperative. By way of uncontroversial starting points, I argue that the priority of the public healthcare system is the fulfillment of patients’ therapeutic needs, among which certain potentially morally problematic preferences may be counted. There are further ethical considerations, however, which, taken together, suggest that the potential benefits of upholding these preferences are outweighed by the potential harms.

3D-Printed Shape Memory and Piezoelectric Bifunctional Thermoplastic Polyurethane/Polyvinylidene Fluoride Porous Composite Scaffold for Bone Regeneration.

Physical stimulations such as mechanical and electric stimulation can continuously work on bone defect locations to maintain and enhance cell activity, and it has become a hotspot for research in the field of bone repair. Herein, bifunctional porous composite scaffolds with shape memory and piezoelectric functions were fabricated using thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) through triply periodic minimal surfaces design and selective laser sintering technology. Thereinto, the shape fixity ratio and recovery ratio of the composite scaffold reached 98.6% and 81.2%, respectively, showing excellent shape memory functions. More importantly, its piezoelectric coefficient (d33 = 2.47 pC/N) is close to the piezoelectric constant of bone tissue (d33 = 0.7-2.3 pC/N), and the voltage released during the compression process can reach 0.5 V. Furthermore, cyclic compression experiments showed that the strength of composite scaffold was up to 8.3 times compared with the TPU scaffold. Besides, the composite scaffold showed excellent cytocompatibility. In conclusion, the composite scaffold is expected to continuously generate mechanical and electric stimulation due to shape memory and piezoelectric function, respectively, which provide an effective strategy for bone repair.

Optimizing economic feasibility of CO2 capture processes with rotating packed bed (RPB): Strategies for scale and modularization

Rotating Packed Bed (RPB) technology is increasingly recognized in the field of carbon capture for its potential to broaden application scopes and significantly reduce capital expenditures by minimizing packing volume. However, the commercialization of RPB-based CO2 capture presents several challenges at the process level, including enhancing energy efficiency, refining equipment design, and achieving scalability. Given the mechanical constraints, designing excessively large RPB units may be impractical. Thus, the economic scalability of RPB-based CO2 capture under practical constraints remains an unresolved issue. This study explores the cost-optimal CO2 capture scale through rigorous process simulation using 30-70 wt% monoethanolamine (MEA) solvents. It optimizes the process design and operating parameters to minimize the specific CO2 avoidance costs, within the bounds of practical RPB design limitations. The findings suggest that a capture scale of 100–200 Tons Per Day (TPD) is cost-optimal when using 50 wt% MEA for flue gases with CO2 concentrations above 14.5 mol%. However, cost-effective RPB design becomes challenging at CO2 concentrations as low as 4 mol%. The analysis suggests that the optimal scale might increase with future advancements in RPB design technologies. Current design constraints necessitate a modular approach as the most economically viable strategy for scaling up RPB-based CO2 capture. This modularization strategy supports the wider adoption of CO2 capture technologies at small- to medium-scales, facilitating industry-wide implementation and sustainable progress by reducing initial investment and allowing for phased scaling.

THE ART OF DESIGN, OPERATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF TECHNOLOGIES, RECIPES, SAFETY AND QUALITY OF FEEDS. IX -th session of the International School of Feeds

From July 1 to 6, 2024, with the support of the European Federation of Feed Manufacturers, the European Federation of Food Science and Technology, the Association "Union of Feed Manufacturers of Ukraine", Odesa National University of Technological (ONTU), ProAgro Group of Companies and the "Club of Young Scientists" ONUT held the IX -th session of the International School of Feeds "THE ART OF DESIGN, OPERATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF TECHNOLOGIES, RECIPES, SAFETY AND QUALITY OF FEEDS". Despite martial law, air alarms, blackouts and other obstacles, the session took place, and it was successful. The session was attended by scientists and specialists in the field of compound feed production, 3 scientific and project organizations: Interprojekt Gmbh, LLC "S-engineering", GK "Zernova stolitsia", 17 representatives from 8 compound feed enterprises: PrJSC MZVKK, Katerynopilsky elevator, AGROPROGRESS PLUS GRAIN COMPANY, VitagroNutryshyn, Kombifeed, MEGA KORM LLC, Kramar LLC, AGRICON Group, as well as Technik BG Gmbh, JSC ADM Illichivsk, LLC Sok-Trade. The session discussed trends in design, increasing the efficiency of operation and robotization of feed production, features of providing nutrients and biologically active substances, production of feed and regulation of their productive action, trainings in modern scientific laboratories of ONUT.

Research progress in repair and reconstruction of tumor-related bone defects in proximal femur

To review the repair and reconstruction methods for large segmental femoral proximal bone defects caused by tumors, and to explore their clinical application effects, advantages, and disadvantages, and future research directions. A comprehensive search of Chinese and foreign databases was conducted to select basic and clinical research literature related to the repair and reconstruction of femoral proximal bone defects caused by tumors. The studies were classified and analyzed based on two main strategies: hip-preserving reconstruction and non-hip-preserving reconstruction. In hip-preserving reconstruction, traditional methods such as allograft transplantation and vascularized autograft transplantation are common but have risks of poor bone integration and bone resorption. The clinical application of inactivated tumor segment reimplantation and distraction osteogenesis techniques is limited. In recent years, three-dimensional printing technology has become increasingly mature, with personalized prostheses and precise surgeries becoming development trends. Non-hip-preserving reconstruction primarily includes allograft prosthesis composite and total femoral replacement. The former focuses on improving the survival rate and bone integration efficiency of the allograft, while the latter requires the simultaneous reconstruction of hip and knee joint stability. Significant progress has been made in repairing and reconstructing proximal femoral bone defects caused by tumors, but many challenges remain. The integration of three-dimensional printing technology and digital design offers potential for precise bone defect repair. Future efforts should focus on new concepts, technologies, and materials through multidisciplinary approaches to provide personalized and precise solutions, thereby improving patient quality of life.

Sustainable Logistics: Synergizing Passive Design and PV–Battery Systems for Carbon Footprint Reduction

As more companies strive for net-zero emissions, mitigating indirect greenhouse gas emissions embedded in value chains—especially in logistics activities—has become a critical priority. In the European logistics sector, sustainability and energy efficiency are receiving growing attention, given the sector’s intersectional role in both transportation and construction. This transition toward low-carbon logistics design not only reduces carbon emissions but also yields financial benefits, including operational cost savings and new market opportunities. This study examines the impact of passive design strategies and low-carbon technologies in a Swedish logistics center, assessed using the low-carbon design criteria from the BREEAM International standard, version 6. The findings show that passive energy-efficient measures, such as the installation of 47 skylights for natural daylighting, reduced light power density in accordance with AHSHARE 90.1-2019 and the integration of free night flushing, contribute to a 23% reduction in total energy consumption. In addition, the integration of 600 PV panels and 480 batteries with a capacity of 268 ampere-hours and 13.5 kWh storage, operating at 50 volts, delivers a further 56% reduction in carbon emissions. By optimizing the interaction between passive design and active low-carbon technologies, this research presents a comprehensive feasibility analysis that promotes sustainable logistics practices while ensuring a future-proof, low-carbon operational model.

Retraction Note: Design and application of optical communication technology based on machine learning algorithms in physical education teaching information management system

Retraction Note: Design and application of optical communication technology based on machine learning algorithms in physical education teaching information management system

Global landscape of nicotine and tobacco products additives policies

IntroductionProduct design is a key tobacco industry strategy to recruit consumers and hinder cessation. An important technology in tobacco product design is the use of additives including those that create...

Reviving Tradition Through Design: Exploring Telepuk Craft Woodblock Design

The traditional textile craft in Malaysia has yielded a plethora of remarkable fabrics. Among the most exquisite Malay textiles is Telepuk Textile. However, the Telepuk craft has dwindled in popularity and demand over time. The laborious production process reliant on Telepuk woodblocks has impeded the development and revival of this craft. No woodcarvers currently produce Telepuk woodblocks as part of their repertoire. Artisans also grapple with the challenge of producing Telepuk cloth in substantial quantities and introducing innovative designs without new Telepuk woodblocks. This study delves into the design strategy to rejuvenate the declining Telepuk craft. Employing a mixed-method research approach, we collected primary data through semi-structured interviews with experts. We conducted a quantitative survey to evaluate proposed designs and analyse pertinent secondary data. In summary, this research yields three critical findings for revitalising the Telepuk craft: (i) Harnessing the intrinsic value of traditional crafts like Telepuk can heighten awareness among the younger generation. (ii) Collaboration between designers and artisans emerges as the linchpin of the craft's revitalisation strategy. (iii) Transforming the production process and introducing innovative designs for Telepuk woodblocks can expedite the development of Telepuk craft production using current technology. The forces of globalisation and escalating demand for mass-produced, homogeneous items have fuelled a yearning for more meaningful products, particularly those imbued with cultural significance. The revival of lost crafts, such as Telepuk textiles, aligns with sustainable design principles. This study contends that the resurrection of traditional crafts like Telepuk necessitates incorporating appropriate technology and pragmatic design to uphold cultural heritage, enhance production processes, and cater to contemporary demands. The new Telepuk woodblock designs have been rigorously tested and developed based on survey results. The resulting designs must strike a practical balance between contemporary technology and artisanal craftsmanship. The suggested revitalisation strategies can be adapted incrementally and selectively, contingent upon the capabilities of the artisans.