Aviation Technology Research Articles

Application Progress of Robot Precision Compensation Technology in Aviation Manufacturing

With the increasing demand for product quality and precision in aviation manufacturing industry, the application of robot technology in this field is more and more extensive. However, the accuracy of robot operation has always been a key factor restricting its application. This paper summarizes the research progress of robot precision compensation technology in the field of aviation manufacturing in recent years. This paper first introduces the application status of robot technology in aviation manufacturing, and then analyzes the principles of various precision compensation technologies and their application examples in aviation manufacturing. Through the analysis and summary of the research content, through reasonable precision compensation technology, the operation precision of the robot can be significantly improved, thus meeting the high precision requirements of aviation manufacturing. This paper also analyzes the challenges of robot precision compensation technology in aviation manufacturing field, and looks forward to the application prospect of precision compensation technology in aviation manufacturing field, which provides valuable reference for researchers and enterprises in related fields.

Exploring perceptions of pilot licensing and training standards: a survey of Canadian student and licensed pilots.

This study investigates the perspectives of Canadian student and licenced pilots on general aviation pilot training and licencing practices. Employing a mixed-methods approach, this research critiques the reliance on flight hours as the sole competence metric and examines the alignment of existing practices with modern aviation's complexities. Findings reveal a divergence in opinions between novice and experienced pilots on flight hours' importance, with a consensus towards a competency-based evaluation model. The study identifies critical shortcomings in existing training practices, such as the challenge of integrating technology, fostering advanced skills, and efficiently utilising instructional resources. It suggests recommendations for regulatory enhancements, aiming to ensure training practices evolve in line with the changing requirements of aviation safety and technology. The conclusion calls for urgent reform, underlining the imperative for training adaptations that can prepare pilots to proficiently manage the complexities of contemporary airspace, thus safeguarding their proficiency and safety.

A comparative evaluation of multi-criteria decision-making framework for armed unmanned aerial vehicle

PurposeThis study focuses on the selection of armed unmanned aerial vehicles (AUAV), which have recently taken an important place on the world agenda, are used effectively in the defense industry and change the war systems of countries. This study aims to select the most suitable armed AUAV by using and comparing multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods.Design/methodology/approachThere are various types of (unmanned aerial vehicles) UAVs, and some of them are Armed UAVs. This study used the criteria obtained from the market and previous UAV studies and ranked/selected various AUAVs produced in line with the determined criteria. The AHP method was used to prioritize the criteria, and the PROMETHEE method, a powerful ranking method, was used to rank/select the alternatives.FindingsBy the expert judgments, the payload capacity (28.2%) criteria took first rank by far as the most important criteria. The AUAV alternatives are listed as 1-6-5-2-7-3-4, respectively.Practical implicationsUAVs around the world have been showing significant and rapid developments recently, and those concerned closely follow developments in this field. Depending on the development of the aviation industry and technology, UAVs provide services to individuals or institutions in various ways for civil or military use.Originality/valueThe difference from similar studies is the research of Armed UAVs. Sensitivity analysis was performed and alternatives were analyzed by their weights. Comparisons were made using the MEREC, LOPCOW, and ELECTRE methods.

An autopilot-based method for unmanned aerial vehicles trajectories control and adjustment

In today's world, the rapid development of aviation technologies, particularly unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), presents new challenges and opportunities. UAVs are utilized across various industries, including scientific research, military, robotics, surveying, logistics, and postal delivery. However, to ensure efficient and safe operation, UAVs require a reliable autopilot system that delivers precise navigation control and flight stability. This paper introduces a method for controlling and adjusting UAV trajectories, which enhances accuracy in environments and tasks corresponding to the first or second level of autonomy. It outperforms the linear-quadratic method and the unmodified predictive control method by 43% and 74%, respectively. The findings of this study can be applied to the development and modernization of new UAV, as well as the advancement of new UAV motion control systems, thereby enhancing their quality and efficiency.

Calculation of the coupling loss factors for the angle connected beams

The use of the statistical energy method for the analysis of dynamic systems assumes knowing coupling loss factors of the subsystems. Coupling loss factors show how much energy transfers from one subsystem to another. They are included in the system of power-balance equations and must first be determined analytically, experimentally or numerically. The most promising of the listed methods is numerical. In particular, this article uses the finite element method. The purpose of this study is to determine the coupling loss factors of two subsystems in two versions of their relative position. The basis is the model of an L-shaped connection of two beams, which is quite common in such studies. L-shaped connections of structural parts are prevalent in building structures, but in other areas, such as the development of space and aviation technology, structural elements with an angle other than 90° between them. Since energy methods can also be applied to the aerospace industry, when developing approaches to structural analysis using such methods, it will be useful to know how the energy system parameters, in particular the coupling loss factors, depend on the coupled angle. The paper considered two configurations of the system: in the first, the beams connected at a right angle, in the second, at an angle of 45°. We calculate the coupling loss factors of the beams for both system configurations. Conclusions of this paper draw about the possibility of extending the result to more complex structures, namely the spacecraft structures.

4D printed NiTi variable-geometry inlet for aero engines

ABSTRACT In modern aerospace engineering, the demand for innovative and adaptable solutions is paramount. This study focuses on enhancing aircraft engine components, specifically variable-geometry inlets, to meet evolving aviation technology requirements. We utilise custom Ni51Ti alloy powder to create 4D printed variable-geometry inlets. A comprehensive examination of thermal history and residual stress reveals differences in the behaviour of NiTi alloys at various points of the 4D printed inlet. After post-treatment, the printed inlet demonstrates stable two-way shape memory effects, undergoing adaptive deformation with temperature changes, mimicking the operational conditions of a commercial aircraft. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) tests confirm that the 4D printed NiTi alloys maintain very stable phase transformation temperatures and two-way shape memory performance. Fluid dynamics simulations further reveal that the variable-geometry inlet design is potentially more efficient in certain operational scenarios with a total pressure recovery factor of 0.9919.

Влияние современных симуляционных тренажеров на развитие навыков командной работы: согласованных действий и коммуникации

<p style="text-align: justify;">The article presents a review of a number of modern foreign studies of simulators and their role in the development of teamwork skills. The analysis of some trending learning theories and methodologies, which are used by both national and foreign researchers in the implementation of training programs on simulators of professional activity is carried out. The results of studies demonstrating the influence of computer simulators on the development of teamwork skills, including aspects of coordinated actions and effective communication are presented. Various methods and means used by foreign researchers to improve the effectiveness of simulation-based training are described. The importance of using simulation-based training in various professional fields, such as medicine, aviation, space programs and information technology, to ensure a high level of training of specialists is substantiated. It is shown that modern simulation-based simulators offer training methods that are maximally close to real professional activity, which contributes to the formation of highly qualified specialists in professional fields that require high development of teamwork skills.</p>

Research on Autopilot Technology in Aviation in the Era of Big Data

With the rapid progress and wide application of big data technology, its position in the autopilot technology in the aviation field is increasingly prominent, playing an irreplaceable role. This paper is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the current development, challenges and future development direction of autopilot technology in the aviation field. We will provide more solid and in-depth theoretical support and practical guidance for improving aviation safety performance and enhancing flight efficiency. Aviation autopilot technology can make full use of massive data resources, accurately grasp the flight state, optimize the flight path, and further improve flight efficiency and aviation safety. This paper expounds its specific application status in aviation field in detail, and looks forward to its possible development trend in the future.

A Review on the Form and Complexity of Human–Robot Interaction in the Evolution of Autonomous Surgery

As robotics and intelligence increasingly integrate into surgery, the pivotal role of human–robot interaction (HRI) in surgical procedures and outcomes becomes evident. However, debate rages over whether increasing robot autonomy will result in less human involvement. Some scholars assert that autonomy will reduce human participation, whereas others contend it will result in more complex interactions. To reveal the role of HRI in the evolution of autonomous surgery, this review systematically explores the HRI of robotic surgery with various levels of autonomy. The HRI is examined from both robotic science and clinical practice perspectives, incorporating relevant case studies. Two key components, intention detection and situation awareness, are especially concerned with a brief description of the interfaces and control strategies they rely on. Additional insights are drawn from analogous technologies in aviation, industrial robotics, and autonomous vehicles. The analysis suggests that HRI complexity tends to increase as the robot transitions from no autonomy to conditional autonomy and is predicted to subsequently decrease with a substantial shift in the interaction form when moving toward full autonomy. It is concluded by highlighting challenges from technical and clinical perspectives and delineating research trends in this rapidly evolving field.

Exploring factors influencing aviation MRO services with blockchain technology in Taiwan

PurposeBlockchain is the fastest-growing technology currently being used in the aviation industry, especially in aviation maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) services. This study aims to create an analytic framework to assess the main factors and subfactors that have significantly influence the blockchain used in aviation MRO services. A mixed-methods approach is used to gain a comprehensive understanding of how blockchain is being adopted in aircraft maintenance facilities, Semi-structured interviews and questionnaires are used to gather data. The questionnaire is focused on the present state of the MRO industry.Design/methodology/approachBased on the literature review, a framework including four factors and 12 subfactors is developed, and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is then established. This study explores how these factors influence the implementation of blockchain in aviation MRO services. The five aviation MRO services providers in Taiwan, namely, “Evergreen Aviation Technologies Corporation,” “Taiwan Aircraft Maintenance and Engineering Co., Ltd.,” “Air Asia Company Ltd.,” “Aerospace Industrial Development Corp.” and “GE Evergreen Engine Services Corporation” are considered; furthermore, 55 experts working in these organizations were invited to evaluate the relative importance criteria in the AHP framework.FindingsThe results indicate that “inventory management” is the most important criterion, followed by “provisioning, procurement and sales” and “maintenance planning.” In addition, the three most important subfactors are “parts interchangeability,” “customer stock” and “SPEC2K interface for ATA SPEC 2000.”Originality/valueAsia is ranked as the second most important aviation MRO service market in the world. Taiwan has the shortest flight hours in the western Pacific region, the seven major foreign cities in this area. Aviation MRO service providers located in Taiwan are the best choices for aircraft MRO in the Asia-Pacific region, indicating that Taiwan serves as a promising market development evaluation model for blockchain aviation MRO services. The results offer a comprehensive overview of the relative importance of different criteria for MRO services that use blockchains. In addition, the findings present the market potential for key players in the aviation industry, including aircraft engineers, airline companies, aircraft component manufacturers and aviation MRO service providers.

DETERMINATION OF THE OPTIMAL INCLINATION ANGLE OF THE TRUSS FILLER IN A DOUBLE-WALLED TANK

The paper considers the application of the tank wall design, which is a three-layer panel consisting of two shells, between which there is a truss filler. Such a filler is a repeating spatial structure consisting of pyramids or tetrahedrons.The analysis of references concerning such a construction is carried out. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that the three-layer panel with a truss filler found its application in aviation and rocket engineering, and all studies were carried out for structures with thickness not exceeding 150 mm, and the applied load was evenly distributed over all surfaces.To research the stress-strain state of the tank structure, two numerical models were created in the SCAD Office software package. All active loads are collected. The calculation was carried out for tank structures, in the inter-wall space of which pyramids and tetrahedrons were located.The technology used relates to cross-cutting digital, namely digital design and modeling, which is currently included in the concept of technological development of our country.The search for the optimal inclination angle of the rods was carried out in the range from 40° to 60°. Five calculations were performed for each placeholder in the corresponding ranges.As a result of geometric parameters dependencies researches of the double-walled tank wall, the inclination optimal angles values of the pyramidal and tetradrael rods fillers for the wall of a tank of 50000 m3volume were obtained. There are obtained dependences to determine the optimal inclination angle of the rods of the truss filler for a tank of any volume, using relative values, as well as the values of forces arising in the rods of the filler depending on the hydrostatic column of the liquid.

Water Consumption Using Artificial Neural Network Modelling in Commercial Aircraft

Amidst the current period of increased environmental consciousness and the aviation industry's dedication to sustainability, the delicate balance between water-carrying and fuel usage in commercial aircraft has become a crucial issue due to the rapid development of aviation technology. The primarypurpose of this study is to evaluate thewater usage of commercial aeroplanes and to optimise the aeroplanes' usage of water. Moreover, the study focuses on analysing the comparison between water consumption estimated using the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) andhistorical data collected precisely. By referring to the actual operational data of water tank usage of the Boeing 787-9 fleet in a commercial airline, the flight hours, total passengers, and also actual portable water tank wereobtained. The data weregathered over twoyears,starting from January 2022 until December 2023,for day and night flight time. After all the collected data werecompleted, the optimisation of the water consumption was conducted and analysed using ANN. The optimised results were then compared using two conventional methods,IATA and Boeing. In conclusion, the ANNmethod has the least errorscompared to IATA and Boeing.The ANN method is suggested as a method to optimise thewater tank volume for commercial aircraft.

Adapting to the skies: evolution of qualified personnel in airline operations amid technological advancements

PurposeThis study investigates the evolution of skilled personnel in airline operations driven by technological advancements. It aims to elucidate the changing personnel demands necessitated by technological innovations in the ground and flight services.Design/methodology/approachThe impact of technological advancements on aviation services has been broadly outlined. Secondary sources were used to identify the relationship between technology and human resources in aviation and categorize the current situation. However, the main narrative was based on the author’s observations.FindingsThe progression of technology in air transportation has led to a reduction in the number of personnel involved and the time spent on human interactions. Technological advancements in aviation have predominantly affected three crucial domains: back offices, ground services, and flight services. A future trend foresees a substantial shift toward self-service in ground services, contributing to streamlined processes with minimal errors.Practical implicationsAirlines must consider candidates' ability to adapt to technological changes during the hiring process to enhance operational efficiency and customer satisfaction. The current staff should be supported by training programs to facilitate their adaptation to technology.Social implicationsThis study provides a theoretical framework regarding changes in personnel requirements due to technological applications in aviation, the integration of technology into the sector, and the adaptation of current personnel to these technologies.Originality/valueThis perspective resonates with scholars engaged in the realms of aviation and tourism. This study assesses technological progress from both managerial and customer perspectives.

Design and Simulation of Seats for Emergency Landing Conditions in Electrical VTOLs

Emerging electrification technologies in aviation and recent advances drive the increased usage of electrical vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) air vehicles. Weight considerations are predominant due to the weaker powertrain and lower payload capacity. Moreover, most systems are automated, and there is no distinction between pilot and passenger seats anymore. Conventional aircraft seating typically exhibits excessive weight, necessitating the development of lightweight troop seats with simple designs and textile seat pans and backrests. This research focuses primarily on the design aspects of these lightweight troop seats. There are already guiding military standards and civilian codes for physical tests for passenger or pilot seats. Nevertheless, there needs to be a comprehensive document combining all of these and explaining how simulation tools can be practically used for the same purpose. Consequently, a generic design was generated based on the troop seat of military helicopters, which was then tested and simulated virtually by finite element analysis according to MIL-S-85510, CS27, and CS29 standards. After finalizing the static tests for forward, rearward, lateral, downward, and upward g forces on a 10-degree floor deformation in the longitudinal axis, implicit dynamic tests were conducted with loading in longitudinal and vertical directions as specified by the MIL-S-85510 standards. Then, hotspot analysis is made for stress interpretation. As a result, a near-optimum design was achieved with stresses 10% lower than the yield stress of the materials, which can be used on board an electrical VTOL.

Про фундаментальну підготовку фахівців авіаційної та аерокосмічної галузей

The subject of the study is the state of the fundamental training of specialists in aviation, rocket, and space technology. Recently, the processes of expanding and deepening the fundamental training of specialists in the specialized areas of specific higher education institutions have been intensified. Unfortunately, experience of recent years has shown, the priorities rightfully belong to the aviation and aerospace industries, both in the scientific/creative and design/production spheres. Training of the specialists in the field of aerohydrodynamics of aircraft and their components; gas dynamics of the modern aircraft engines of various types, is currently the priority. In addition, both – the problems in aeroelasticity and research in the field of aerodynamic acoustics related to the environmental safety of the operation of aviation equipment are important for the design of the modern aircraft. Moreover, the design of aircraft that overcomes trans- and supersonic flight speed, requires in-depth study of the processes of heat and mass exchange determining physico-chemical transformations, which are also present in the internal gas-dynamic processes of gas-turbodynamic and rocket engines of aircraft. Structure and comparative analysis study of programs and courses for fundamental training of specialists in the aerospace industry at the universities of USA, Canada, Germany, China, as well as in KhAI, Ukraine, are presented. This study provides comparative information about scientific and experimental bases of aerodynamic complexes available in Ukraine and in leading organizations of North America and Western Europe. This study demonstrates the real unification of deep fundamental theoretical knowledge and practical skills with experimental research based on existing modern research laboratories. Conclusion. Analysis and comparative indicators presented in paper allow us to state that based on today’s needs, the National Aerospace University "Kharkiv Aviation Institute" is capable of significant increase of the quality of training for specialists of all levels for the developed aviation and rocket-space industries of Ukraine.

Improved Design of Sanitary System at the Nigerian College of Aviation Technology (NCAT), Zaria

Improved Design of Sanitary System at the Nigerian College of Aviation Technology (NCAT), Zaria

METHOD OF ASSESSING THE CHANGE IN DESIGN PARAMETERS OF PRECISION ROTARY SYSTEMS BY THE PHASE SHIFT OF THE VIBRATION STATE

The article examines the issue of precision rotary systems (PRS) and the relationship between their dissipative characteristics and changes in design parameters, which is applicable for assessing the quality of their assembly and diagnosing objects in general. We identified a dynamic model, the dissipative parameters of which sufficiently accurately reflect the local properties of the structure. The question of assessing the quality of assembly by dissipative parameters comes down to the choice of the diagnostic sign that is most suitable for this case and the method of its measurement. Such a sign is a phase shift between the disturbance force and the vibration velocity. From this point of view, phase-frequency measurement methods are generally more accurate, which allows using the advantages of precise hardware methods to obtain information to the fullest extent. The proposed variation ratio, which connects the changes in a real object’s phase vector of the mechanical impedance (PVMI) and the deviation of the dissipative parameters of its mathematical model, makes it possible to diagnose the dissipative parameters with a sufficient accuracy degree. The considered numerical example of a partial assembly of precision rotary systems confirms the accuracy of the calculation. Thus, the proposed variation ratio, which connects the changes in the PVMI of a real object and the deviation of the dissipative parameters of its mathematical model, allows for the diagnosis of the dissipative parameters with a sufficient accuracy degree. The considered numerical example of a partial assembly of the PRS confirms the accuracy of the calculation. This fact is of particular importance in manufacturing aviation and space technology products. We should also note that the existing analysis methods do not provide an opportunity to form an idea about the nature of the total measured signal and its structure. Therefore, the work solves the task of developing a method for diagnosing the controlled technical condition of a rotary electromechanical system based on the selection of the most informative ranges of the output signal to increase the reliability of diagnosis. Keywords: oscillatory system, dissipative properties, mathematical model, phase angle, impedance, sensitivity matrix.

METHOD OF ASSESSING THE CHANGE IN DESIGN PARAMETERS OF PRECISION ROTARY SYSTEMS BY THE PHASE SHIFT OF THE VIBRATION STATE

The article examines the issue of precision rotary systems (PRS) and the relationship between their dissipative characteristics and changes in design parameters, which is applicable for assessing the quality of their assembly and diagnosing objects in general. We identified a dynamic model, the dissipative parameters of which sufficiently accurately reflect the local properties of the structure. The question of assessing the quality of assembly by dissipative parameters comes down to the choice of the diagnostic sign that is most suitable for this case and the method of its measurement. Such a sign is a phase shift between the disturbance force and the vibration velocity. From this point of view, phase-frequency measurement methods are generally more accurate, which allows using the advantages of precise hardware methods to obtain information to the fullest extent. The proposed variation ratio, which connects the changes in a real object’s phase vector of the mechanical impedance (PVMI) and the deviation of the dissipative parameters of its mathematical model, makes it possible to diagnose the dissipative parameters with a sufficient accuracy degree. The considered numerical example of a partial assembly of precision rotary systems confirms the accuracy of the calculation. Thus, the proposed variation ratio, which connects the changes in the PVMI of a real object and the deviation of the dissipative parameters of its mathematical model, allows for the diagnosis of the dissipative parameters with a sufficient accuracy degree. The considered numerical example of a partial assembly of the PRS confirms the accuracy of the calculation. This fact is of particular importance in manufacturing aviation and space technology products. We should also note that the existing analysis methods do not provide an opportunity to form an idea about the nature of the total measured signal and its structure. Therefore, the work solves the task of developing a method for diagnosing the controlled technical condition of a rotary electromechanical system based on the selection of the most informative ranges of the output signal to increase the reliability of diagnosis. Keywords: oscillatory system, dissipative properties, mathematical model, phase angle, impedance, sensitivity matrix.

CERTIFICATION OF MAJOR CHANGES IN AVIATION TECHNOLOGY

Major change certification allows organizations to implement and control changes to designs, systems and equipment. This is a complex and responsible step that requires compliance with standards and safety requirements. The application for approval of a major change must contain all necessary documentation and information to demonstrate that the changes comply with safety and quality requirements. This approach guarantees the reliability of the changes being implemented. This article describes in detail the procedure for certification of major changes in aviation technology.

Experimental investigation of multi-step airfoils in low Reynolds numbers applications

This study provides a detailed analysis of the aerodynamic performance of various airfoil configurations, focusing on lift coefficient, stall characteristics, and maximum lift-to-drag ratio. The investigation includes the NACA23012C profile and configurations with different step geometries, ranging from one-step to five-step designs. Experimental measurements were conducted using a well-equipped aerodynamic laboratory, Institute of Aviation Engineering and Technology (IAET), Giza, Egypt. The lab features a wind tunnel, propeller test rig, and data acquisition system. The experiments were conducted meticulously to ensure accuracy and reproducibility, with a standardized method employed for uncertainty analysis. The results reveal distinct aerodynamic behaviors among the different configurations, highlighting the significant impact of design variations on aerodynamic performance. Notably, the three-step configuration consistently exhibited high performance, with a competitive or superior lift coefficient across a range of Reynolds numbers, showing an improvement of up to 35.1 %. Similarly, the four-step configuration demonstrated substantial increases in lift-to-drag ratios, reaching up to 53.2 %, while the five-step configuration exhibited varying trends with a minimum drag coefficient. The study also investigated stall characteristics and sensitivity to Reynolds numbers, revealing the complex trade-offs inherent in airfoil design. The findings provide valuable insights into optimizing airfoil performance under different operational conditions. Additionally, the adoption of two and three stepped airfoils resulted in significant reductions in blade material and associated costs for turbine blades.