Utilization Technology Research Articles

Overview of Offshore Wind Power Technologies

Optimizing offshore wind power technology and reducing the levelized cost of electricity throughout the lifecycle are key measures for the large-scale development of offshore wind power, contributing significantly to the transition toward sustainable energy systems. However, compared to onshore wind power, the internal flow dynamics of offshore wind farms are more complex, which poses challenges for operation and maintenance. Therefore, there is an urgent need for updated, smarter, more efficient, and economic offshore intelligent operation control technologies to facilitate the large-scale development and utilization of offshore wind power. This paper approaches the topic from two perspectives, offshore wind turbines and offshore wind farms, introducing popular research directions and technical bottlenecks in these two related fields. This includes offshore wind turbine capacity development and fundamental technologies, offshore wind power forecasting technology, and offshore wind power operation and control technology, offshore intelligent operation and maintenance technology, as well as offshore wind power and integrated marine area utilization technology. Firstly, the challenges faced by the intensive development of offshore wind resources and operational environments are analyzed. Secondly, the challenges encountered in the aforementioned technological areas and their potential solutions are summarized. Finally, a systematic reflection and outlook on the large-scale development of offshore wind power are provided, reinforcing its critical role in achieving global sustainability goals.

Environmental Management and Decarbonization Nexus: A Pathway to the Energy Sector’s Sustainable Futures

This paper examines the complex interplay between environmental management (EM) and decarbonization, highlighting how these domains can be seamlessly integrated to create a comprehensive framework for sustainable futures in the energy sector. The framework emphasizes the adoption of green technologies, energy efficiency measures, and innovative carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies and infrastructures. Central to this approach are circular economy principles, low-greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions production processes, and CCUS strategies. A conceptual model of the EM–decarbonization nexus, comprising six enablers, was developed and illustrated with practical examples from various countries and regions worldwide. The findings reveal significant progress in advancing EM and decarbonization efforts. However, additional support from governments and the private sector is imperative in areas such as research and development, equitable transfer of renewable energy technologies, infrastructure for energy transitions, energy storage systems, green financing mechanisms, public education and community outreach, public–private partnerships, international cooperation, active engagement in global organizations, and the deployment of digital solutions. By addressing these areas, a sustainable future for the energy sector can be realized.

Technical Assessment of CHP System Integrated with Carbon Capture and Utilisation Technology

Technical Assessment of CHP System Integrated with Carbon Capture and Utilisation Technology

Novel approach to achieving net-zero carbon emissions for development and utilization of coal: Principle, methods, and cost estimation.

China's energy mix is coal-dominated; therefore, it is unrealistic for the country to achieve carbon neutrality through complete decarbonization. As the world's largest carbon emitter, achieving global carbon reduction targets necessitates that China develops low-carbon, clean, safe, and efficient coal development and utilization technologies. This study proposes a new low-carbon coal development and utilization method that integrates in-situ conversion mining and mineral carbonation (ICMMC) to realize coal mining and separation, in-situ backfilling, in-situ conversion, energy storage, and carbon sequestration. This method addresses the technical bottleneck of slow mineral carbonation (MC) reaction rates that hinder the application of low-cost carbon sequestration engineering by utilizing in-situ backfilling strips to construct an in-situ carbonation repository, alongside a complementary in-situ layered carbonation process to enhance carbon sequestration efficiency. Life cycle assessment and levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) are employed to analyze the competitiveness and necessity of this new method compared to coal-fired power with carbon capture and sequestration (CPCCS) and onshore wind power with energy storage (OWPES) technologies. The results indicate that the carbon emissions of the ICMMC (0.091kg/kWh) are much lower than those of traditional coal-fired power, and its LCOE of 0.463 CNY/kWh has a cost advantage compared to both CPCCS and OWPES over the next seven years. The findings suggest that the ICMMC system can partially replace CPCCS and OWPES, helping to reduce global carbon reduction pressure; it can serve as a transition technology that supports the decarbonization of energy systems in countries where coal is the primary energy source.

Solar Energy Technologies for Desalination and Utilization of Hypersaline Brines

Solar energy presents a vast resource for addressing the global freshwater crisis, particularly through the desalination of hypersaline brines. This review examines the potential of solar energy technologies for both...

Effect of pig breeding scale on manure resource utilization-The moderating effect based on technology cognition.

The utilization of manure resources is an important measure to promote the development of agricultural green low-carbon cycle and solve the challenges associated with the current large-scale development of the livestock and poultry breeding industry. Based on the survey data of pig farmers in Qingdao, Shandong Province, China, this paper constructs a theoretical analysis framework of pig breeding scale and technical cognition on the utilization behavior of livestock and poultry manure resources of pig farmers. The binary Logit model and the moderating effect model are used to deeply explore the scale effect of breeding scale on the utilization behavior of pig farmers' manure resources, and the moderating effect of technical cognition on the influence of breeding scale on the utilization behavior of manure resources. First, at the present stage, pig farmers show certain differences in the resource utilization of manure. Due to the differences in the personal characteristics, family characteristics, and breeding characteristics of pig farmers, the influencing factors of resource utilization of pig farmers of different scales are different; Second, the scale of pig breeding has a significant positive promoting effect on the resource utilization of manure, increasing the probability of pig farmers to treat manure, guiding retail and small-scale farmers to moderately expand the scale of breeding, gradually moving to large-scale breeding, realizing centralized management and resource utilization of manure, and reducing the unit cost of manure treatment. Third, technical ease of use has a positive regulatory effect on pig breeding scale and manure resource utilization behavior. When pig farmers perceive that the technology of manure resource utilization is easy to use, they will increase the probability of participating in the resource utilization of manure, reduce the environmental pollution caused by improper disposal of manure, and promote the low-carbon and circular development of livestock and poultry industry. Based on the above findings, this paper aims to provide practical enlightenment for policy makers and researchers to strengthen the environmental governance and sustainable development of livestock industry.

Desulfurizer-free and eco-friendly technology for comprehensive utilization of lead sulfate by direct solid-phase electrochemical reduction with bagged cathode

Desulfurizer-free and eco-friendly technology for comprehensive utilization of lead sulfate by direct solid-phase electrochemical reduction with bagged cathode

REVOLUTIONIZING ENERGY: CONVERTING CO2 INTO METHANOL USING FLUE GASES FROM NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANTS

Carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technologies are crucial for reducing CO2 emissions from power plants and promoting environmental sustainability. This study focuses on the Besmaya Natural Gas Combined Cycle (NGCC)...

Hydrogen production for the synergistic catalytic of modified-titanium dioxide supported nickel catalyst with potassium carbonate catalyst by supercritical water gasification of coal

Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) is a novel energy utilization technology for converting coal into hydrogen (H2)-rich gas products. Constructing a synergistic catalytic system is crucial for the enhanced production of H2 in the SCWG of coal. This work constructed a novel synergistic catalytic system, Mo, Co, and Cu were employed to modify titanium dioxide-supported nickel (Ni/TiO2) catalysts which were added to separate reaction zones independent with potassium carbonate (K2CO3) to exhibit synergistic effects, thereby enhancing H2 yield. The modification of Ni/TiO2 can improve the stability of the catalyst by causing lattice shrinkage of TiO2, the synergistic catalytic system exerted much higher carbon gasification efficiency (CGE) and H2 yield than the non-catalytic condition in this way. Among all the Ni/TiO2 catalysts, synergistic Ni-Cu/TiO2 with K2CO3, which has the smallest Ni particle size, maximized the CGE and H2 yield from 30.82% and 15.48 mol·kg-1 to 95.43% and 81.42mol·kg-1, respectively. The synergistic catalytic mechanism was further revealed, providing theoretical support for the regulation of hydrogen production from SCWG of coal.

Towards superior efficiency of the CO2-derived Fischer–Tropsch synthesis process over iron-based metal–organic framework-derived multifunctional catalytic materials

The strategic implementation of carbon utilization technologies is crucial for combatting climate change.

Removal, conversion and utilization technologies of alkali components in bayer red mud.

Bayer red mud is a highly alkaline industrial solid waste generated during alumina production, and its massive discharge and stockpiling poses significant environmental risks. The strong alkalinity of red mud is a primary challenge limiting its effective utilization. This study systematically analyzes the composition and characteristics of alkaline components in red mud, emphasizing the roles of soluble free alkali and chemically bound alkali in regulating its alkalinity. A comprehensive review of current dealkalization technologies, including acid neutralization, CO2 neutralization, and salt precipitation/replacement methods is presented, focusing on their chemical mechanisms, applicability, advantages, and limitations. Specially, this study present the concept of in-situ conversion and utilization of alkali and highlight the beneficial role of alkali components in red mud recycling. The latest technologies for the conversion and utilization of alkali components, including the special roles and principles of alkali in the reaction processes of cement clinker calcination, cement hydration, geopolymers were systematically summarized. Additionally, the environmental potential of red mud in acid wastewater neutralization and flue gas desulfurization is discussed. This study identifies the technical barriers that need to be solved urgently in the current research and proposes a key direction for future study on the regulation of alkali components in red mud.

Evolution of Dynamic Spectrum Sharing: Technological Advancements and Future

Abstract-Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS) has emerged as a critical technology for efficient utilization of the radio frequency spectrum, particularly in the face of growing demand for wireless communication services. Over the past decade and a half, DSS has evolved significantly, driven by advances in cognitive radio, software- defined networking, and regulatory initiatives aimed at addressing spectrum scarcity. This paper reviews the evolution of DSS focusing on key developments, technological advancements, and the challenges faced by operators and regulators. We explore the various mechanisms of DSS, its applications in 4G and 5G networks, and how its integration has shaped spectrum management policies. Additionally, the paper discusses the role of DSS in enabling more efficient use of spectrum resources and its potential to support the next generation of wireless technologies. Keywords: Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS), Spectrum Management, Cognitive Radio, 5G, Spectrum Scarcity, Radio Frequency Spectrum

Designing and screening single‐atom alloy catalysts for CO2 reduction to CH3OH via DFT and machine learning

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) utilization technology is of great significance for achieving carbon neutrality, in which the catalytic materials play crucial roles, and among them, single‐atom alloys (SAAs) are of particular interests. In this study, density functional theory (DFT) calculations and machine learning are employed to assess the effectiveness of Cu‐, Ag‐, and Ni‐host SAAs as catalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction to CH3OH. The Gibbs free energies of 477 elementary reactions across 35 SAAs involved in CO2 reduction are calculated, and by utilizing this dataset, a trained gradient boosting regression model is established with an excellent accuracy. Subsequently, the properties of 46 unknown SAAs are predicted, including their pathways, products, potential‐determining steps (PDS), and corresponding Gibbs free energies of the PDS (GPDS). Three promising candidates, ZnCu, AuAg and MoNi, stand out due to their lowest GPDS among Cu‐, Ag‐ and Ni‐ hosted SAAs, respectively.

Using agent-based modelling to simulate the emission reduction potential of CCUS technologies in China under alternative policy packages

Abstract Carbon capture, utilisation, and storage (CCUS) technologies are essential for achieving the 1.5 °C target. Predicting the emission reduction potential of CCUS technology is particularly important for countries to pursue carbon neutrality. However, the existing literature assessing the potential lacks consideration of the structural changes in industrial product demand and the trade-offs companies face between CCUS and traditional emission reduction technologies. This study used agent-based modelling (ABM) to simulate the emission reduction potential of CCUS in China's thermal power, steel, cement, and chemical industries from 2022 to 2060 under scenarios of different carbon prices, subsidies, and technology progress rates. The possible biases of the traditional prediction model were corrected incorporating the structural changes in industrial product demand and the marginal abatement cost curves of traditional emission reduction technologies for the four major industries into the ABM model. The simulation results indicate that under each of the 10 possible scenarios, China's CCUS technologies will reach 100% penetration in the four mentioned industries by 2060, with the emission reduction potential fluctuating between 2,222 and 1,568 Mt of CO2 (corresponding to 40% and 10% share of thermal power, respectively). The difference comes in the scaled-up threshold time point and the growth trend. Sensitivity analyses show that the carbon price affects changes in the emission reduction potential of CCUS technologies the most, while the impact of subsidies, rates of technological progress and oil prices were not significant. The stepped carbon price policy can effectively regulate and promote the expansion of CCUS emission reduction potential, which is worth considering for policymakers.

Drivers and Challenges in Achieving Corporate Carbon Neutrality—Qualitative Investigation of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage Technologies

ABSTRACTThe importance of attaining carbon neutrality (CN) has progressively increased in addressing climate change, and consequently, carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) has emerged as a promising tool in this pursuit. Nevertheless, a dearth of scholarly discourse exists about the factors that drive the implementation of CCUS in the context of corporate CN and the challenges that inhibit the adoption of CCUS for CN. This study aims to bridge this knowledge gap by analyzing open‐ended essays to gain cardinal insights into the experiences and perspectives of companies successfully implementing CCUS for CN. The collected (qualitative) data underwent rigorous analysis to synthesize three distinct dimensions encompassing various aspects of CCUS to achieve CN. The study identifies multiple CCUS components employed to manage carbon emissions effectively. It underscores the five drivers accelerating the adoption of CCUS and classifies them as intrinsic or extrinsic drivers. Various challenges impeding the successful adoption of CCUS have been pinpointed as emanating from financial, human resource, operational, technological, and strategic challenges; technology development and infrastructural challenges, environmental impacts; and social and regulatory challenges. Our research renders valuable theoretical and practical insights based on the prevalent discourse regarding the implementation of CCUS in the field of CN with a comprehensive and inclusive approach.

Research Review on the Improvement and Utilization Technologies of Saline-Alkali Soils

Saline-alkali soil refers to land where excessive soluble salts in the soil lead to increased soil osmotic pressure, affecting the normal growth of plants and crop yields. Saline-alkali soils are widely distributed in arid and semi-arid regions globally, posing severe challenges to agricultural production, ecological environment, and regional economic development. Therefore, the improvement and utilization of saline-alkali soils have become a hot issue of global concern. In recent years, scholars both domestically and internationally have made significant progress in saline-alkali soil improvement technologies, cultivation of salt-tolerant crops, and ecological restoration of saline-alkali soils. This paper reviews relevant literature, analyzing the current research status, existing problems, and future development directions of saline-alkali soil improvement and utilization technologies.

Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) Technologies: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Advanced CCUS Solutions for Reducing CO2 Emissions

Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) Technologies: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Advanced CCUS Solutions for Reducing CO2 Emissions

Policy stagnation or reevaluation? Exploring the regulatory dimensions of carbon capture, utilisation and storage in Finland and the Baltic countries

Carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) technologies are increasingly viewed as essential tools in the global effort to mitigate climate change by rapidly reducing carbon emissions. Within the European Union (EU) regulatory framework, these technologies are positioned as critical components in the transition to an industrial climate-neutral future, as they hold significant potential to reduce carbon emissions and help meet long-term climate goals. Yet, despite this potential, the large-scale deployment of CCUS technologies continues to face challenges. This study explores the specific regulatory and policy challenges hindering the implementation of CCUS in Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The policy cycle approach used in the analysis highlights the importance of continuous evaluation and adaptation to ensure policies remain effective and responsive to both technological advancements and societal needs. Through interviews with high-level decision-makers and industry representatives and a comparative analysis of national policies and their alignment with EU-level regulations, the research identifies a significant disconnect between EU ambitions and national execution. Scepticism from decision-makers towards CCUS technologies, coupled with a lack of trust in regulatory bodies from the industry, has further intensified these challenges and made it difficult for CCUS technologies to gain momentum. To address these issues, we recommend clearer, more harmonised regulations and increased collaboration between decision-makers, industries and researchers. The successful implementation of CCUS technologies could significantly contribute to achieving shared climate goals.

Advanced technological approaches and market status analysis of xylose bioconversion and utilization: Xylooligosacharides and xylonic acid as emerging products.

The efficient conversion of xylose is a short board of cask effect to lignocellulosic biorefining, by markedly affecting the total economic and environmental benefits. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the current commercial status of traditional xylose utilization and industrial technology development, this review outlines new technological avenues for the efficient utilization of xylose from lignocellulosic biomass, focusing on super prebiotic xylo-oligosaccharides and multifunctional platform compound xylonic acid. Firstly, the traditional products that can be derived from lignocellulosic xylose, including xylitol (447.88 billion USD in 2022), furfural (662 million USD in 2023), and bioethanol (46.18 billion USD in 2022), are introduced along with the current market status and latest production technologies. Then, the discussion covers the industrial development and production methods of xylo-oligosaccharides, and highlights the potential of xylonic acid, focusing on innovative whole-cell catalysis in a sealed oxygen supply-bioreactor system. Finally, other directions for efficient and high-value utilization of lignocellulosic xylose are summarized, including lactic acid, succinic acid, and 2,3-butanediol. This review aims to provide new perspectives on the utilization and valorization of xylose by summarizing main traditional industrial products and emerging products, thereby promoting the development of the entire lignocellulosic biomass field.

Construction and development prospect of evaluation indicator system for sustainable utilization of traditional Chinese medicine resources based on DPSIR model

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) resources refer to the total reserves of plants, animals, and minerals that can be used as raw materials of TCM(including Chinese medicial materials, TCM decoction pieces, TCM dispensing granules, traditional Chinese patent medicine, and TCM hospital preparation) and folk herbal medicine, which served as the material basis of inheritance, innovation, and development of TCM. In recent years, the sustainable utilization of TCM resources has received high attention and acquired a series of significant achievements in resource survey, quality evaluation, resource protection, innovative technology, and development and utilization, which effectively promoted the sustainable utilization of TCM resources and high-quality development of the TCM industry. The most urgent issue currently is to shift the focus of the research on the sustainable utilization of TCM resources from a sustainable utilization technology system to a sustainable utilization evaluation indicator system. Therefore, in order to objectively evaluate the ability, level, and trend of the sustainable utilization of TCM resources, an evaluation indicator system for sustainable utilization of TCM resources(EIS-TCMRSU) and methods for measuring and determining various standards and indicators were innovatively constructed. With the support of economic policies and scientific regulation of TCM policies, emerging technologies and new tools and methods could be applied to achieve the strategic goals of sustainable utilization and sustainable development of TCM resources. Based on the driving force-pressure-state-impact-response(DPSIR) model, key indicators including resource driving force, environmental pressure, resource state, socio-economic impact, and management response were determined by analyzing the industry chain bottleneck problems and development factors related to the sustainable utilization of TCM resources. According to the scientific, systematic, comparable, dynamic, and operable principles, the EIS-TCMRSU theoretical system was constructed to accurately reflect the ability and development trend of the sustainable utilization of TCM resources and promote the EIS-TCMRSU research from theoretical exploration to practical application. It ensured objective evaluation of the level and ability of sustainable utilization of TCM resources and provided a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the sustainable utilization and sustainable development of TCM resources. In addition, it is of great significance for promoting high-level safety supervision of TCM and high-quality development of the TCM industry.