Technological Development Zone Research Articles

Towards the road of eco-efficiency improvement: evidence from China's economic and technological development zone.

The economic and technological development zone (ETDZ) serves an essential role in driving green development and ecological civilization. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the impact of ETDZs on eco-efficiency for sustainable development. This paper investigates the impact of the establishment of ETDZs on eco-efficiency by constructing a differences-in-differences (DID) model on the basis of 253 cities in China from 2004 to 2017 as the dataset. This paper also explores the possible intrinsic impact mechanisms through the channels of industrial structure and technological innovation by constructing a mediating effect model, and the heterogeneous effects of ETDZs on eco-efficiency from the perspectives of regional imbalance and city class heterogeneity. Statistical results report that ETDZs significantly positively affect eco-efficiency and such effects are most significant in the first year after the establishment of ETDZs. Industrial structure upgrading and technological innovation are essential role mechanisms for ETDZs to enhance eco-efficiency. Besides, the enhancement effect of ETDZs on eco-efficiency is only observed in the eastern part of the city, with an insignificant inhibitory effect in central and western parts of the cities. However, the establishment of ETDZs in cities with higher city classes is more beneficial to improve eco-efficiency.

Systematic analysis of the essential characteristics of the concept “economic and technological development zone”

Based on the empirical data on the development of special economic zones in countries with developed and developing economies, this article illustrates the positive effect of the state regional development policy and confirms the effectiveness of the technology under study. The purpose of this article is to determine the essence of the Economic and Technological Development Zones and to identify their main characteristics. To achieve this goal, a systematic review was chosen as a research method using the meta-analysis method, in accordance with which a selective study of 76 publications included in the free search engine for scientific publications was carried out, within which, according to the selected criteria for the structure of the article, the age of the source, the presence in the keywords of the research object as well as the availability of the results of theoretical and empirical analysis, 26 publications were selected, the meta-analysis of which made it possible to identify the essential properties and characteristics of the category Economic and Technological Development Zone. The main condition for the successful implementation of the Development Zones project is the creation of industrial symbiosis, taking into account the environmental aspect and the adaptation of the Development Zone strategies to the institutional conditions of specific countries and regions.

Analysis of Economic Growth Effects and Influencing Factors of Guilin Economic and Technological Development Zone

Analysis of Economic Growth Effects and Influencing Factors of Guilin Economic and Technological Development Zone

RESEARCH ON THE INNOVATION MODE OF INDUSTRY-EDUCATION INTEGRATION：A CASE STUDY OF AN INDUSTRY-EDUCATION PARK IN NORTHWEST CHINA

The integration of industry and education has attracted wide attention from all walks of life since it was proposed. Under the background of the integration of industry and education, some higher vocational colleges aim at training graduates with high comprehensive quality and strong practical ability, serve the local economic development as the orientation, and continuously provide high-skilled talents for various industries. An economic and technological development zone in Northwest China combines industrial characteristics, takes industry-education integration science and technology innovation park as the carrier, vigorously develops industry-education integration, innovates operation mode, collaborates education, and creates a new ecology of industry-education integration.

“无废城市”建设中的政府行为及优化路径研究——以B市经济技术开发区为例

“无废城市”建设中的政府行为及优化路径研究——以B市经济技术开发区为例

Effect of Economic and Technological Development Zones on Green Innovation

Green innovation is an effective way of solving the dilemma of the economy–environment trade-off. As an important innovation policy in China, national economic and technological development zones (NETDZs) play a significant role in promoting innovation, but empirical studies on their impact on innovation, especially green innovation, are scarce. In this study, the authors used highly disaggregated micro-level data such as patent data, industrial firm data, and customs data to examine the impact of NETDZs on green innovation. The results showed that: (1) NETDZs significantly promote green innovation, as measured by both patent quantity and patent quality; (2) the binding environmental indicators in China's five-year plan enhance the promotional effect of NETDZs on green innovation; (3) learning by importing, including through foreign direct investment and importing capital goods, is an important mechanism for the nexus between NETDZs and green innovation; and (4) compared with non-state-owned enterprises (non-SOEs), SOEs are relatively passive in terms of engaging in learning by importing.

A Research on the Relationship of Social Intelligence and Cultural Intelligence with Leadership Styles

Technological and social changes have made the organizational nature more open and accessible than ever. In recent years, modern leadership styles are used to efficiently manage these radical changes, and social intelligence and cultural intelligence concepts are used to get an edge over these changes correctly. In this study, based on the interaction of different intelligence types with the leadership styles exhibited, the factors affecting the leadership style were examined. The concept of leadership was carefully considered by associating the sub-dimensions of social intelligence and cultural intelligence, and assessing them in terms of demographics. The research sample is selected as Technopark employees in Istanbul. The sample reflects one of the increasingly widespread Technology Development Zones in Turkey, and welcomes technological developments as well as foreign cultural companies within. By analyzing the obtained data from 354 participants with descriptive and explanatory statistical methods, the relationships between leadership styles in the Multi-Factor Leadership Questionnaire, a comprehensive leadership tendency measurement tool, and social intelligence and cultural intelligence have been revealed. In addition, the effects of social intelligence’s and cultural intelligence’s sub-dimensions on four different leadership styles, and demographic differentiations are detected. The research provides guiding outputs for future research and business reflections.

Variation in Road Dust Heavy Metal Concentration, Pollution, and Health Risk with Distance from the Factories in a City-Industry Integration Area, China.

Road dust samples around three typical factories, F1, F2, and F3, in the National Zhengzhou Economic and Technology Development Zone (ZETZ), China, were collected to study the variation in heavy metal concentration (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn), pollution, and health risk with distance from the factories. The results indicated that the concentrations of all the elements near F1 were higher than near both F2 and F3. Apart from Co, Mn, and Cu in some dust samples, all the element concentrations were higher than the corresponding background values (BCs), to varying degrees. The spatial distributions of the heavy metals surrounding the factories followed the normal distribution. The peak values of element concentrations occurred at 300~400 m away from the factories, except for Hg, which continued increasing more than 500 m away from the factories. The fluctuation curves of the pollution load index value calculated according to the BCs for F1, F2, and F3 all had two peaks, a "small peak" and a "large peak", appearing at about 30 m and 300 m, respectively. For the hazard index and the total carcinogenic risk, the peak values all appeared at 400 m, with the curves following the normal distribution. Exposure to road dust containing non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic elements around F1 was greater than around F2 or F3. In conclusion, our results provide a reference for pursuing effective prevention of dust heavy metal pollution around modern manufacturing factories.

Does China's National Demonstration Eco-Industrial Park Reduce Carbon Dioxide and Sulfur Dioxide-A Study Based on the Upgrading and Transformation Process.

With the increasingly serious environmental problems, coordinating the relationship between the environment and economic development has become a crucial task for developing countries, especially China. This paper studies the role of eco-industrial parks (EIPs) in the emissions of carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide in China with the difference-in-difference (DID) approach by focusing on the entire process of EIPs’ establishment—upgrading provincial development zones (DZs) to national DZs and then transforming national DZs into EIPs. Besides, we examined the heterogeneous effect of the different transformations from national economic and technological development zones (ETZs) or national high-tech zones (HTZs) to EIPs. In addition, we studied the spatial spillover effects of EIPs and their paths with the spatial difference-in-difference (SDID) method. The results show that neither provincial DZs nor national DZs can significantly reduce sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide emissions. Only when national DZs are transformed into EIPs can they be reduced significantly. However, the different transformations from the HTZs and ETZs to EIPs have different effects on emissions. Moreover, EIPs have technology spillovers and demonstration effects on surrounding areas. Therefore, EIPs can reduce emissions in the surrounding areas. The results indicate that, in order to achieve high-quality development and coordinate the relationship between environment and economic development, we should take positive steps to promote the transformation of DZs into EIPs.

Spatial governance for COVID-19 prevention and control in China's development zones

Mandatory policy networks are an important collaborative governance model for crisis response. To reveal the operation and effectiveness of public sector-led crisis governance at the development zone level, this study draws on collaborative governance theory to develop a theoretical framework that reveals the external constraints, collaborative dynamics, collaborative actions, and collaborative outcomes of crisis governance in development zones. Based on qualitative research methods, this study analyzes pandemic prevention policy documents issued during the pandemic by China's national economic and technological development zones and their localities to reflect the complete process of governance. The findings indicate that a mandatory policy network, guided by a local governance framework, facilitated the rapid achievement of collaboration in development zones in responding to the crisis. Top-down leadership developed over time in the public sector, and the responsiveness and innovation of enterprises and social organizations played an important role in collaborative governance. Wins at each stage of the governance process are necessary for the continuation of collaborative actions and can drive the adaptation of a collaborative approach in development zones.

Metaphors of University-Industry Relations: Interpretations on Technology Development Zones Unveiled

The purpose of the study is to examine metaphors that are used to explain university-industry relations. Metaphors are a lucrative qualitative tool in organizational analysis because extracting and interpreting metaphors that are used by participants in an organization can not only allow researchers to access hidden perceptions or feelings of the participants but also helps them gain insights about a key organization of university-industry relations: Technology Development Zones (TDZ). In this multiple-case study, 20 participants were involved from two universities and an institute of high technology, and their embedded TDZs in Turkey. Participants are high-rank manager-academics, faculty affiliated with university-industry relations, high-rank managers from TDZs and those of firms inside these TDZs. In order to collect data, semi-structured interviews were used in the study. Results from a content analysis of within-case and cross-case data from the three cases in the study showed that participants use superordinate themes of positive and negative metaphors to explain university industry relations. The positive metaphors superordinate theme involves the metaphors of interface, machine, bars district, showcase, and plants, while the negative metaphors superordinate theme includes zombie, babies, and real-estate metaphors. Based on the participants’ descriptions of these metaphors and their justification for their use, some conclusions were made on the participants’ evaluations of the university-industry relations phenomenon, which is the focus of the study.

Formal probabilistic risk analysis of accidental air pollution in a development zone using Bayesian networks

The potential risk caused by the leakage of toxic and hazardous substances during air pollution accidents poses a great threat to local environmental safety, human heath, and even property security. Uncertainties and causalities are important components that should not be ignored in risk assessment. Compared with traditional non-probabilistic methods, Bayesian networks (BNs) are well suited to solving problems with high complexity and uncertainties. To utilize these advantages, a BN-based approach, coupled with diffusion simulation of risk substances, was proposed to estimate the risk of air pollution accidents in a probabilistic way at the local scale. This method was applied to analyze the risk levels of 24 risk sources and 24 risk subregions in Daya Bay, a national economic and technological development zone with a large petrochemical industry in Huizhou, Guangdong province. The results indicated that the Daya Bay area suffered a relatively low risk of accidental air pollution. Only five risk sources (20.8%) and two risk subregions (8.3%) were found to have high danger or risk. Ammonia, styrene, and sulfur dioxide were the most threatening substances in order. Acute exposure was the most sensitive factor, and made the highest contribution to risk level. This research provides an effective approach that can be used to characterize the air pollution accident risk quantitatively, probabilistically, and graphically. Probabilistic risk assessment can provide substantial support to local risk prevention, control, and emergency response for accidental air pollution, as well as to future risk management and policy decisions.

An approach to stimulate the sustainability of an eco-industrial park using coupled emergy and system dynamics

Using an emergy and system dynamics model, this paper proposes a dynamic evaluation method for the sustainable development of eco-industrial parks and conducts an empirical analysis of the Shenyang Economic and Technological Development Zone (SETDZ). Four SETDZ’s development scenarios were designed, including inertia, economic, environmental protection, and science and technology scenarios, and the sustainable development status of each scenario was simulated and dynamically evaluated. In this paper, emergy analysis and SD method are used to simulate the changes of system functional elements and emergy evaluation indexes of SETDZ. The results show that under the coordinated development of the economy and environment, the science and technology scenario based on high-tech investment is the best development strategy for SETDZ. The sustainability of the SETDZ greatly improved on the implementation of the circular economic model, and the sustainable development indicator of the science and technology scenario increased from 3.59E-02 (2014) to 8.16E-02 (2024). Furthermore, SETDZ could achieve the coordinated development of the economy and environment owing to the reasonable layout of industrial enterprises, integration of public resources, effective utilization and disposal of waste, establishment of an enterprise symbiosis system, development of cleaner production, and other measures.

Construction of Landscape Ecological Security Pattern in the Zhundong Region, Xinjiang, NW China.

The Xinjiang Zhundong Economic and Technological Development Zone, which contains the largest coalfield in China, is a mega energy base for west–east gas transmission and outbound electricity transmission in China; however, resource exploitation and the region’s arid climate have led to the region’s ecological environment being increasingly vulnerable. The morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) method and landscape connectivity were used in this study to identify the ecological sources and extract the ecological corridors and ecological nodes based on the minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model, used to construct the landscape ecological security pattern in the Zhundong region from 2016 to 2021. The results show that (a) from 2016 to 2021, the area of ecological sources increased by 117.86 ha and the distribution density of which decreased from the southern-central region to the northern and northwestern regions. (b) From 2016 to 2021, the number of ecological corridors and ecological nodes decreased, and the ecological corridors with dense distributions in the south gradually moved to the north and west. The length of the ecological corridors in the south gradually became longer, and the number of ecological corridors connecting the east and west in the north increased. (c) The landscape ecological security pattern of the Zhundong region was constructed by “a network and multiple points” using the model of ecological sources–ecological corridors–ecological nodes. The findings of this study provide a scientific foundation for the construction of an ecological security development plan and the ecologically protective development of coal resources in Zhundong.

Development zones and urban economic performance in China: Direct impact and channel effects

AbstractDevelopment zones constitute a special type of place‐based policy that has been implemented worldwide. As an essential economic development engine, Chinese National Economic and Technological Development Zones (NETDZs) are perceived as a successful example. However, few studies have looked into the channel effects at work in development zones concerning industrialization and urbanization, despite the crucial nature of such effects with regard to sustainable development of development zones. Following a brief description of NETDZs and their theoretical mechanisms with urban economic performance, industrialization, and urbanization, this study used a simultaneous equation model to generate empirical evidence of the impact of the establishment of NETDZs on urban economic performance and its channel effects through industrialization and urbanization. The results confirm that NETDZs exerts a positive and significant impact on urban economic performance, and NETDZs also show indirect influence in urban growth through urbanization. Although significant and positive intermediation of industrialization remains invalid, foreign direct investment and investment in fixed assets are still crucial in Chinese industrialization. Both industrialization and urbanization play an important role in Chinese urban economic development. Meanwhile, compared with eastern regions more influenced by urbanization, industrialization still acts as a major impetus in inland China.

EVALUATION OF EFFICIENCY MEASUREMENT OF SELECTED TECHNOPARKS WITH DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS (DEA)

Technology Development Zone (Technopark) are units that focuses on working effectively and producing productive works due to their structures. It is known that each technopark differs in terms of its production method and the benefits it provides. This research respond to give information about the general conditions of the Technoparks whose data were shared publicly and they were valuated within the scope of expected and realized benefits. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), one of the Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) Methods is applied in the study. DEA is considered as one of the most frequently preferred analysis methods to measure efficiency, especially in structures with economic decision-making mechanisms. This paper includes 9 Technoparks, which share the data of the determined performance indicators up-to-date, according to the analysis of efficiency measurements performed with 3 inputs and 2 outputs. Collaboration and patent numbers among the variables used in the study are the output variables; infrastructure, offered advantages and proximity to the university refer to the input variables. The efficiency of the technoparks was measured with CCR Input and Output Oriented Models, the issues deemed to increase the benefits provided by the technoparks are evaluated, and suggestions are made within the scope of the findings.

Special Technology Development Economic Zones as a Form of Innovations Transfer

In the context of global competition, sustainable development of Russian economy is impossible without introduction of innovation technologies. Although the government has taken measures to support the sphere of innovations in recent years, the processes of transferring and commercializing the technologies have not been efficient enough. The purpose of this study is to find out the reasons why special technology development economic zones created as means of innovation transfer have not become an effective tool of attracting investments and technologies in presentday Russia. The following tasks have been accomplished in the study: to determine the participants of the technology transfer process; to prove the necessity of its government support, to analyze the basic forms of technology transfer in Russia. Using various research methods, namely, information resources study, data analysis and comparison, the authors have been able to analyze the practices of creating technology development zones in Russia and estimate their efficiency. The results of the study help to determine the key problems and perspectives of improving technology development zones and prove the necessity of government support of technology transfer. The results of the study may be used for transforming the existing special economic and technology development zones in Russia into an efficient tool of attracting private investments in the economy of innovations, which could enable the country to wean itself off the technology dependence and prevent the outflow of highly qualified specialists.

Dynamic Evolution of the Operating Efficiency of Development Zones in China

The efficient development of Economic and Technological Development Zones (ETDZs) across China has been key to the country’s economic transformation. Despite this, few studies have addressed the dynamic characteristics of the efficiency of ETDZs. Taking China’s 115 national ETDZs established before 2010 as the research sample, this study measures the comprehensive operating efficiency of ETDZs and identifies dynamic characteristics of that efficiency throughout the period 2011–2017, using a three-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) model and the Markov method. This research also explores the relationship between the operation efficiency of ETDZs and urban economic development. The results indicate that the operating efficiency of national ETDZs was generally low, and subject to a downward trend over the study period; the efficiency of ETDZs in the western region was found to be higher than that in the central and eastern areas. It was found that operating efficiency was stable in terms of the types of transfer witnessed, and the results emphasize the difficulty of achieving leapfrog development in a relatively short time. In addition, medium-high coupling coordination was detected in the relationship between urban social and economic development and the operating efficiency of ETDZs. When the operating efficiency of the ETDZ was high, this coupling coordination improved significantly. Finally, most of China’s ETDZs remain in a factor-driven stage in their development, with their expansion occurring at the expense of efficiency. Based on these results, this paper suggests that the government should pay greater attention to the overall efficiency and growth quality in the sustainable development of the country’s ETDZs.

Opportunities, challenges and countermeasures of the development of big data industry in the state-level Nanchang Economic and Technological Development Zone

The global information technology revolution is promoting the development of new economy at the core of big data, and the big data industry has become the strategic commanding point in competition among countries. Development of the large data industry in the state-level Nanchang Economic and Technological Development Zone has a brilliant future. The state-level Nanchang Economic and Technological Development Zone should focus on the development of big data services, which are related to the ‘3 + X’ industry system and big data products manufacturing. At the same time, the state-level Nanchang Economic and Technological Development Zone should plan the implementation path, focusing on the implementation of infrastructure construction, industrial training, strengthening the ranks of personnel, investment and six other projects. Finally, state-level Nanchang Economic and Technological Development Zone should put forward and carry out measures from the following five perspectives: perfecting organisation mechanism, reinforcing policy assurance, improving the supporting industries and optimising the investment environment. Keywords: State level, big data, industry, opportunity, countermeasures.

Distance or Intimacy：The Moderating Role of Alliance Routines in the Relationship between Partnership and Innovation Performance

With the rapid development of global economy, it is a universal phenomenon that the improvement of enterprise innovation ability increasingly depends on R&D investment. Innovation activities are the result of the interaction of a variety of heterogeneous resources, so it is an important path for enterprises to obtain innovation resources through alliances and other cooperative relationships. The study of both theory and practice has shown that the cooperative relationship, no matter loose or close, is an important path for enterprises to obtain external innovation resources. However, scholars have different views on the effect of the two types of relationship on enterprise innovation. Therefore, this study will explore how to choose the right partners by identifying the roles of different types of relationship in the process of enterprise innovation, thereby guiding enterprise innovation activities.We randomly select a sample of 295 high-tech enterprises from the manufacturing industry in Hefei High-tech Zone, Hefei Economic and Technological Development Zone and Hefei Xinzhan District. The results show that neither strong nor weak alliance partnership in the dense network is conducive to improving enterprise innovation ability, while maintaining the appropriate strength of partnership is the most conducive to enterprise innovation performance. However, alliance routines can reduce the above mentioned effects. In the sparse network, the stronger the partnership, the more obvious the innovation performance of enterprises, and alliance routines also strengthen the relationship between them.The theoretical contributions are as follows: Firstly, we expand the previous literature on relationship strength and innovation performance, and study the effect of external relationships on innovation performance by bringing individual network and collective network into the same framework, which supplements the perspective of existing studies in explaining the relationship strength paradox. It is found that the effect of relationship strength on innovation performance is not the same under different network density conditions. Secondly, we reveal the moderating effect of alliance routines on relationship strength and innovation performance under different network density conditions by introducing alliance routines into this research framework. Thirdly, we deep the study on alliance routines, and provide important insight regarding the follow-up research in this field and how to improve innovation performance through properly levering alliance routines.The current research points out several directions for future research: Firstly, the variable of partnership can be measured from the perspective of relationship quality, relationship symmetry and relationship persistence, etc. Secondly, alliance routines may have different effects on radical innovation and incremental innovation. This study mainly investigates the moderating effect of alliance routines, and future research can explore the effect on radical innovation and incremental innovation. Thirdly, future research can be combined with different knowledge attributes to study the effect of relationship strength between enterprises and customers, suppliers, distributors and intermediaries on innovation performance under different network density conditions.