Technology Development Strategy Research Articles

СОСТОЯНИЕ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ СТРАТЕГИИ НАУЧНО-ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ В ОБЛАСТИ ПРИОРИТЕТА "А"

The article presents the results of research on the current state and prospects for the development of the scientific and innovative complex of the Russian Federation in the field of new technologies corresponding to the priority direction of scientific and technological development «Priority A» of the Strategy for scientific and technological development. The results of a comparative analysis of the levels of scientific and technological development of Russia and the leading countries of the world are presented. The study is based on the results of the monitoring and semantic analysis of publication activity in the priority area of scientific and technological development within the selected segments of the global and Russian markets, as well as assessments of the level of readiness of key technologies, taking into account their contribution to the development of promising Russian markets.

ОСНОВНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ НАУЧНО-ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РЕГИОНОВ

The article highlights topical issues related to the scientific and technological development of the regions. The provisions of the basic law of the state on this issue, introduced recently, are analyzed. It is noted that the main document that defines the state policy in the analyzed area is the strategy of scientific and technological development of the country. The author focuses on the principles of state policy in the scientific and technological sphere. Taking into account the publicly available statistical data, an interregional comparison of subjects by the level of scientific and technological development was carried out. It was conducted by using an index that includes certain indicators. The data obtained make it possible to identify the regions included in the Central Federal District with polar indicators. Outsider territories are invited to use a new infrastructural mechanism for the development of the scientific and technological sphere of the region - the platform. The author believes that the presence of a developed innovation infrastructure in the region will increase the level of scientific and technological development of the subjects of the Russian Federation.

Strategic Individualization of Scientific and Technical Development of the Economy of Industrial Regions of Russia Taking into Account their Hereditary Determinants

Developing an effective strategy for the scientific and technological development of the national economy is a difficult task, especially for the Russian Federation that is known for its interregional distortions. Therefore, the innovation path of each industrial region should be individualized, the territorial predisposition to the development should be taken into account and technological solutions should be launched, which will make it possible to form effective mechanisms of institutional support for the innovation activity of specific territories. The scientific hypothesis of the study is that the hereditary determinants of the industrial region determine the individual features of the strategy of scientific and technological development. The purpose of the study is to develop a methodological approach to the individualization of regional strategies for the scientific and technological development of the industrial economy, taking into account hereditary determinants responsible for the innovative predisposition of the territories. To achieve the goal, the theoretical and methodological features of the individualization of strategies related to the target guideline were clarified, including targeted programs that take into account the historically established features of the territories; stages, and the strategy for the development of the national economy was added to the general scheme. The methodological basis of the author's strategic individualization is the Markov chain construction toolkit, which allows one to determine the innovative differentiation of regions on the basis of the identification of mutations in production, social and institutional determinants,. The testing of the tools made it possible to establish that industrial regions have a hereditary predisposition to scientific and technological development. The strategies of the regions of the North-Western Federal District, the Volga Federal District and the Ural Federal District should stimulate accelerated innovation, and the regions of the Southern Federal District, the Siberian Federal District and the Central Federal District to ensure smooth innovation of the industrial economy. The article also defines the place of the process of individualization of regional strategies in the general concept of achieving basic priorities for the scientific and technological development of the national economy, which ensures the formation of a new innovation policy of the country. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the development of an evolutionary-genetic approach to the development of strategies for the scientific and technological development of industrial regions, expanding the understanding of their individualization in the context of accounting for hereditary determinants responsible for the innovative predisposition of territories. The applied significance of the scientific results of the study consists in expanding the assessment mechanisms used by state and regional authorities in the development of strategic documents of scientific and technological development and their improvement.

Technology development strategies for electric vertical take-off and landing: focusing on the case of South Korea

Technology development strategies for electric vertical take-off and landing: focusing on the case of South Korea

Digital management as an element of improving project management efficiency

The article considers information technology models as an element of improving the efficiency of project management. We investigated current trends in next-generation information technology development strategies and digitalization in project management using business models, namely "S.M.A.R.T. Management" and "ATOMM". A conceptual model of the relationship between management, implementation, management in digital project management is presented. Also the program of introduction of the conceptual model as an element of digitalization and increase of efficiency of process of project management is offered. Keywords: digital management, project management, business models S.M.A.R.T., "ATOMM" model.

Analysis of tendencies in the functioning of innovative entrepreneurship in the context of technological progress

The object of research is innovative entrepreneurship and the main tendencies in its operation in the world.
 Investigated problem. The rapid development of innovative entrepreneurship necessitates are the identification and tracking of tendencies in this area.
 The main scientific results. The article identifies tendencies in the functioning of entrepreneurship in the context of technological progress. The main subsystems of an innovative enterprise are characterized. The dynamics of frontier technologies market indicators in the context of innovative entrepreneurship is analyzed. It is noted that the transformation of the structure of the global market of advanced technologies is accompanied by increasing disparities in technological and financial development between countries. The inconsistency of national goals with global ones in the field of frontier technologies is pointed out.
 The area of practical use of the research results. The results of the study can be used by representatives of the scientific community, authorities to understand global tendencies in innovative entrepreneurship.
 Innovative technological product Identified global tendencies in the functioning of innovative entrepreneurship can be part of technological development strategies.
 Scope of application of the innovative technological product: policy of regulation of innovation activity.

CSTP: lessons from the implemen-tation of the first stage and future prospects

The article presents the results of the analysis of the first stage of the implementation of the Strategy of scientific and technological development on the basis of complex scientific and technological programs/projects of the full innovation cycle, expert support for this process and current changes in the organization of the development of such programs and projects.

Mathematical modeling of mechanical properties of vibro-centrifuged fiber-reinforced concrete of variatropic structure

Today, one of the most relevant areas in the construction industry, linked to the requirements and provisions of the Strategy of Scientific and Technological Development, and in accordance with the priority areas of science and technology development, is the development and improvement of low-material, low-energy and low - resource-intensive technologies for the manufacture of concrete and reinforced concrete products and structures. In this regard, the technology of vibrocentrifugation, which allows to obtain concrete with an improved variatropic structure, is quite promising. In this work, the influence of the design parameters of the technological equipment and the parameters of the centrifugation modes on the integral strength characteristics of vibrocentrifugated fiber concrete was evaluated. In total, 13 samples of the annular section were manufactured and tested. Calculations of the integral strength characteristics of vibrocentrifugated fiber concrete depending on the height of the technological protrusions of the clamps and the angular rotation speed were performed by the method of orthogonal composite planning of the 2nd order using the MathCAD program. The mathematical method of planning the experiment is aimed at creating mathematical empirical models that determine the influence of the incoming variable factors on the strength characteristics. Thus, according to the results of experimental studies, the optimal height of the technological protrusions and the angular speed of rotation were determined. Thus, further regulation of technological factors in the manufacture of vibrocentrifugated products and structures will allow us to obtain the most effective ring-section structures with enhanced variatropy.

Implementation of the state policy in the field of innovation

In the Strategy of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation, the main goal is to ensure the competitiveness and independence of the state by forming an effective system of the most complete application and development of the intellectual potential of the state. The main directions in the work of the Government of the Russian Federation, for the period up to 2024, is the formation of conditions for the entry of the Russian Federation into the top five leading countries in the field of R D, represented by the priorities of scientific and technological development of the state, determined by this Strategy.These areas are represented by the Program, which is the main mechanism for implementing the Strategy. It is aimed at increasing the socio-economic effect of applying the results of scientific research and intellectual activity, significantly increasing the efficiency of using budget funds and extra-budgetary sources to finance R D, by switching to the qualified customer model. The Strategy also provides for measures to develop the level of capitalization of the educational potential of the population to fulfill the tasks of technical modernization of industrial production, development of entrepreneurial structures of all types, attracting talents, social mobility, ensuring the required rates of economic growth, as well as the quality of life of society

Key Engineering Technologies to Achieve Green, Intelligent, and Sustainable Development of Deep Metal Mines in China

Abstract The object of this article is to present the innovative technology system for the deep mining of metal mines in China. Based on the current situation and major problems of deep mining of metal mineral resources in China, the key engineering technology development strategies to solve the problems, such as the green intelligent mining modes, are proposed, which is conducive to ensuring the safety of mineral resources supply and the sustainable development of the national economy in China.

The effectiveness of research in animal husbandry through the prism of publication activity

Recently, the effectiveness of research is largely determined by the indicators of publication activity. According to these indicators it is customary to evaluate individual scientists, research teams, research centers, educational institutions and even states. Various international scientometric systems are used for the analysis, among which Web of Science and Scopus are the liders. The Strategy of scientific and technological development of our country, approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation (dated December 1, 2016 No. 642), the priorities of the scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation for the innovative development of the domestic market of products and services, the stable position of Russia in the foreign market are determined. The purpose of the work was to determine the effectiveness of research in animal husbandry through the prism of publication activity in the scientometric systems Web of Science and Scopus. As a result of the analysis the share of publications of Russian scientists in journals and publications included in the international scientometric systems Web of Science and Scopus including in animal husbandry has been determined. A significant lag in the publication activity of domestic scientists in the analyzed systems from colleagues of leading Western countries has been established. Among the total number of publications reflected on the Web of Science platform for 2010–2020, 857 468 pieces or three quarters of the total set of scientific articles, preprints and monographs in the world are devoted to the problems of animal husbandry, which indicates the importance of this branch of science for the world economy.

Scientific and scientific and technical expertise: problems of system formation

The legal grounds for expertise in the scientific sphere are laid in the Federal Law “About Science and State Scientific and Technical Policy”, which states that public authorities of the Russian Federation and public authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation organize the expertise of scientific and technical programs and projects financed by the corresponding budget. It is pointed out that there is a need for expert evaluation of the results of ongoing research and development in The Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation. The issues of organizing and conducting expert evaluations in certain areas of activity are sorted out on the basis of a number of “sectoral” federal laws, by-laws and methodological recommendations. Despitethe abundance of normative-legal documents, many fundamental issues related to scientific and scientific-technical expert activity remain unresolved yet. For example, the federal legislation does not define the procedure of organizing and conducting scientific and scientific-technical expertise, the relations between the participants, their rights and obligations. Meanwhile, much depends on quality and unbiased expertise in the scientific sphere, including the development of fair competition for resources. The authors seek to analyze from theoretical, legal and practical point of view the unresolved problems in the areas of scientific and scientific-technical expertise and its competitive component, and to make up appropriate recommendations, including those related to expert activity at the level of public authorities and in state funds supporting science. It is also proposed to come back to the issue of adopting a basic law on scientific and scientific-technical expertise, sipulating the leading role of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the independent expertise of scientific, scientific-technical and innovative projects.

«Большие вызовы» как фактор трансформации государственно-правовых отношений

Introduction: in recent years the “big challenges” category has rapidly come into language use. From the word combination of a prognostic-journalistic nature, the expression has penetrated normative legal acts, becoming a legal category that can potentially change social relations. However, in legal acts and a fairly small catalog of legal scientific publications, this construct is considered through the prism of socio-economic relations; its legal essence and possible state-legal transformations that may follow it are not highlighted. Purpose: to give an overview of the “big challenges” category through its genesis, transformation, and through the prism of legal realities. Methods: the methodological framework for the study was made up of general scientific methods – analysis and synthesis, as well as specific scientific methods – formal-legal and comparative-legal. Results: big challenges, initially referring to the category of scientific knowledge of the IT sphere, are subsequently used concerning a wide group of public relations, finding their consolidation in the program documents of an international and national nature. At the domestic level, acts are not only a declaration of intent but also a mandatory work plan for public authorities. In Russia, the final consolidation of the term “big challenges” in public-legal rhetoric took place in 2016, which led to the introduction of changes or the appearance of new legal acts of a planned nature. Conclusions: despite the legal definition of “big challenges” in the Strategy of Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation, there is still no legal description of the institution under consideration, although it carries huge legal potential, including in the field of public administration, laying the foundations for such a promising way of influencing social relations as smart regulation. An attempt is made to define “big challenges” in the legal discourse.

Logical Interpretation of China’s Science and Technology Development Strategy in the New Era

Logical Interpretation of China’s Science and Technology Development Strategy in the New Era

Agricultural science in the publication dimension

The purpose of the research was to determine the publication activity of agricultural science. The analysis uses data from the leading international scientometric systems Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus. The authors compared the number of publications and citations in the framework of priority G of the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation (SNTR), which includes key areas of development of the agro-food complex. Russia was compared with the leading countries of the world in terms of publication activity, mainly for 2010-2020, on the basis of which a world map was compiled and a ranking of states was conducted. It is established that the literature on agricultural sciences occupies an insignificant share among all scientific literature in Russia and in the world. The structure of publications in the areas of priority of G SNTR is defined. With the help of semantic analysis, priority directions of advanced scientific thought are identified, which allows us to predict the subsequent appearance of progressive technologies and innovations. The world and Russian research agendas were compared, which made it possible to identify coincidences and differences in scientific topics. The necessity of taking into account the specifics of the domestic agricultural sector when choosing research priorities is justified. The expediency of combining the use of advanced technologies with the preservation of effective traditional production methods is emphasized, which contributes to the realization of the competitive advantages of the Russian agri-food system. The number of Russian journals according to the priority of G SNTR in the WoS and Scopus systems with their distribution by quartile is shown. The data of comparative analysis of leading countries in terms of citation indicators, as well as comparison of patent activity, export and import of technologies to Russia are presented.

Developing and (not) implementing radical energy efficiency innovations: A case study of R&D projects in the Norwegian manufacturing industry

The prospect of enabling more sustainable industries through energy efficiency innovations has received increased attention in policy and research. In Norway, previous studies have identified a techno-economic potential of 12 TWh reduction in direct energy use and an additional 10 TWh utilization of surplus heat, in industries. However, the novelty and complexity of energy efficient technologies can make their adoption, and hence utilizing this potential, difficult. This paper explores the development and implementation of two high-temperature heat pumps and one heat recovery concept in three R&D projects in the Norwegian manufacturing industry. Our qualitative research finds and explores three implementation paradoxes: 1) While the novelty of innovations partly explains why they are difficult to implement, novelty is also a motivator for firms' technology development strategies. 2) Both innovations close to core production technologies, as well as seemingly incremental innovations, can have system-wide consequences in the organizations, making them difficult to implement. 3) While implementation windows (changes to organizations and technical systems) positively affect firms’ motivation, ability, and opportunity to develop and adopt innovations, these situations introduce time constraints, putting pressure on less mature technical solutions and R&D processes. Through unpacking these seemingly opposing dynamics, we find that the same factors can both promote and inhibit adoption of technologies during different stages of innovation processes. We discuss the managerial implications on how firms can align R&D collaborations with implementation opportunities, to enhance adoption of radical energy efficiency innovations. In conclusion, we discuss how these contributions can translate into future quantitative research.

Present status and development trend of Acoustic releaser

Acoustics releaser plays an important role in the recovery of marine surveying system. This paper analyses and introduces present situation of the acoustics releaser in our country. Finally, main technology development direction and strategy of localization are put forward in the paper. The paper mainly includes research status quo outside and in China as well as key technical problems in design of underwater acoustic releasers.

FORMATION OF COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCIES OF FUTURE IT SPECIALISTS

The purpose of the study is aimed at performing a verification of the teaching conditions for effective communicative competence formation of the future IT professionals. Creating conditions of success, motivation enhancement, use of engaging group work, encouraging students’ participation in project work are the key factors and conditions for effective communicative competence formation. Scientific literature analysis, "communicative competence" concept clarification; analysis of pedagogical conditions of IT students’ communicative competence formation is discussed in details. Research methodology used is questionnaire, interview, quantitative and qualitative data analysis and processing of the results as well as analysis of class observation in AITU done within the IT students’ communicative competencies research. The national technological development strategy focuses both on the development of science-intensive technologies and technological cooperation and partnership. The need of society in IT specialists with a high personal and professional culture is determined by the need of a sufficient level of communicative competence to build professional relationships in workplace.

Development of Political Science in the Republic of Mordovia: 1991–2021

Introduction. The relevance of the analysis of the development of political science in the Republic of Mordovia is associated with the 90th anniversary of the National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, the 30th anniversary of the creation of the Department of Political Science in its structure and the 20th anniversary of political science education in the region. Methods. Historical, comparative retrospective and systems analysis were applied in the work. Results. Over the thirty-year period, political science in the Republic of Mordovia has come a long way in the field of educational and scientific activities. The article identifies three stages of its development: 1) 1991–2000; 2) 2001–2014; 3) since 2015. At present, the university, on the basis of the graduating department of general history, political science and regional studies, is training professional political scientists within the framework of bachelor’s, master’s and postgraduate studies. Fundamental and applied political science research is conducted in this department. Research in certain areas of political science is being conducted today in other educational and scientific institutions of the Republic of Mordovia. Discussion and Conclusion. Political science in the Republic of Mordovia from 1991 to 2021 has come a long way and achieved noticeable results in the field of science and education. An original political science school was formed in the region, which is based on the study of territorial aspects of politics. Currently, there is an expansion of thematic areas in accordance with the Strategy of Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation.

Choosing the best solutions for multimodal oil transportation

Background: to organize multimodal transportation and choose the best route option for fuel delivery, it is necessary to develop an algorithm for choosing the best solution from the considered ones. This is indicated in the Strategy of scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Railways Holding Company for the period up to 2025 and for the future of 2030 ("White Paper", where on pages 25-26 it is said about the need to develop new transport and logistics products and services in global transport chains in the development of multimodal transport and the need to develop and organize new multimodal freight transport). Federal Railway Administrations of the United States, page 127 of the White Paper, points to the need to improve the methodology of integrated multimodal transport planning at the global, national and regional levels, increase the demand for transport and logistics services, and transition to supply chain management. Aim: to develop a method for multi-criteria rationalization of the choice of multimodal transport routes with the possibility of considering hypothetical options. Materials and Methods: the fundamental works of leading scientists in the field of improving the efficiency of production in accordance with the needs of the economy in transportation A.V. Annenkov, P.B. Romanova were used. In the field of justification of decisions on cargo terminals, determining the volume of tank farms with the possibility of their expansion O.B. Malikov, V.N. Sapronov. The application of multi-criteria rationalization by comparing the criteria under consideration is given in the work of A.T. Osminin, which developed a scientifically based method aimed at creating analytical and control systems. In the field of risk analysis and assessment of the work of A.G. Kotenko. The works of A.Y. Akhriev, A.B. Egorov, A.A. Kalushin, V.N. Mirushkin, E.V. Pasyunin, and A.V. Savelyev were studied in the field of improving the optimization of the oil transshipment complex, and the works of M.A. Nazarov and O.M. Sergeeva in the segment of logistics of river and sea oil transportation. Results: it consists in improving the quality of solutions to problems in the transportation of liquid fuel by means of transport in multimodal communication based on the use of the developed method. The set of criteria considered in the method allows you to set and solve transport problems with almost no restrictions on complexity, which in each case allows you to get better results. Conclusion: Using the method in practice allows not only to objectively find the best solution from the considered ones, but also to study hypothetical transportation schemes with the possible construction of new tracks and their elements, and compare existing and new schemes by a set of criteria, including construction costs and payback time of new tracks, and as a result find the best solution to the task.