Development Of Technology In China Research Articles

CCS technology development in China: Status, problems and countermeasures—Based on SWOT analysis

Abstract Currently, the energy structure with coal is given priority to in China. This situation would not change in a short time which results in massive CO2 emissions and increased pressure to natural environment. Carbon capture and storage technology (known as CCS) is a carbon abatement technology that separates CO2 from industrial production or energy conversion, transports to the storage site after compression, and injects to the deep underground to make long-term isolation from the atmosphere. This technology achieves zero emission during fossil energy extraction and conversion, so the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) regarded it as one of the effective methods reducing greenhouse gas emissions in 2005. First, based on the development status of CCS in China, in terms of policies, technology research and CCS projects are described. SWOT is an analysis method that analyses objects all-around from four main aspects of strength, weakness, opportunity and threat. By SWOT, this paper focuses on analyzing the development environment currently in order to find the main stimulatives and obstacles and confirm the feasibility of CCS development in China. Finally, recommendations are proposed addressing the problems and obstacles. The results show that CCS is an effective way to reduce future emissions in China, as with the huge market, and the general support by Chinese government and green groups. However, relevant departments should strengthen economic and policy support at the same time.

Tax Revenue Loss under Electronic Commerce in China

Based on the analysis of the loss of e-commerce taxation, this paper analyzes the issue of how to deal with China's current e-commerce revenue drain. By comparing the domestic and foreign commerce collection models and experience, combined with the current status of tax collection, this paper analyzes the main problems of e-commerce in China. And it proposed the principles on managing the network infrastructure to establish a mature network system, and on strengthening tax electronic services. This paper brings forward the models for tax collection and network technology development in China.

The Research of the Photovoltaic DC Grid-Connected Converter Applied in Flexible DC Grid

With the rapid development of flexible HVDC technology in China, the demand for the DC grid of new energy generation projects growth. This paper studies the topology of the DC grid photovoltaic converter, a topological scheme is proposed and detailed analysis of the topology of the work mode is presented. For the device extension problem of equipment used in high-voltage direct current power level, a connecting scheme based on modular IPOS program and a control strategy of uniform duty cycle are given. In this paper, the equivalent controlled source method for small-signal dynamic modeling is established, and the stability of the control scheme is analyzed using Bode diagram. Finally, a 10kW prototype platform topology programs is built and control strategies experimentally is verified. This paper has important reference value for the HVDC grid-connected research of new energy power generation and the research of small power scale AC-DC hybrid microgrid network.

Research on the Wall Crack Grouting Technology of Brick-Concrete Structure

Wenchuan earthquake caused a large number of masonry structure cracks, crack grouting become a very important link in the process of engineering structure reinforcement repair. This paper makes the statistical analysis on the structural seismic damage crack characteristics first, then determine the mechanism and characteristics of the cracks. Analysis of the reinforcement and repair mortar bond strength and practical range, put forward some requirements for crack repair and grouting material. Combined with grouting equipment, formed an earthquake damage of structure crack grouting construction technology in practical engineering , set up a complete system of grouting technology. Have a positive effect for the long-term development of repair reinforcement technology in China.

TRIZ Evolution Theory Applied to Man-Made Boards

Man-made boards often made use of waste wood materials. China is one of the worlds largest manufacturers and consumers of man-made board applications. Application of the law of evolution with a S-shaped curve could contribute essentially to the accuracy of the long-term forecast. This research seeks to determine the current stage and the position on the S-curve of man-made board technology in China on the TRIZ evolution theory and introduce a methodology which combines patent analysis and technology life cycle forecasting to find a niche space of man-made technology development in China.

The Internet in China’s state–society relations: Will Goliath prevail in the chiaroscuro?

This article explores how state and society relations have been affected by the development of information technology in China over the past 20 years. It argues that despite all the transformative changes that such technology has helped bring about, ‘benefits’ have to be weighed in terms of both empowerment of society and strengthening of state capacity. Ultimately, the digital challenge has not translated into a weakening of the authoritarian state, and this can be explained by the very nature of the party-state in China and how it has managed to make use of communication tools that prove to be both constructive and divisive.

Barriers to Commercialization Development of Crop Straw Gasification Technology in China and Promoting Policy Design

The technology of crop straw gasification is a kind of promising biomass gasification technology. It not only solves air pollution but also improves the life quality of local households. However, there are some commercialization development barriers in China. They include the low price of the fuel gas, few gas consumers, high initial investment for the gasification station, non-market support from the government, imperfect crop straw gasification technology, and a deficiency of instructions for the standard checking system of crop straw gasification equipment and construction. In order to further develop crop straw gasification technology, it is necessary to rely on increasing economic benefit rather than lessen the dependence on the support of government by degrees. The prompting policies consist of enhancing support to gasification technology, enlarging the straw gas consumption scale through amending government subsidy, building a fair competing market environment, promoting investment in crop straw gasification technology, and promoting effective use of crop straw through restrictive policies and measures.

Evaluation method of urban land population carrying capacity based on GIS—A case of Shanghai, China

Although research on population carrying capacity has made significant progress, research on urban carrying capacity still has a weak theoretical basis and uses, imperfect regulation mechanisms and estimation methods. This study proposes a new method for evaluating urban population carrying capacity based on spatial analysis with GIS, which utilizes spatial classification and spatial grading of land use. The results demonstrate that urban construction and industrial development subspaces have most of the population, accounting for about 86.4% of the total population carrying capacity, across 40.7% of the total land area. Therefore, urban construction and industrial development subspaces are the centers of the population concentration, industrial agglomeration and wealth concentration in the Shanghai metropolis. The agricultural production and ecological protection subspaces, as noncommercial and ecological conservation areas of the metropolis, should not carry too much industrial development or added-value activities. In addition, under the current conditions of socio-economic and technological development in China, the gross population carrying capacity of Shanghai is estimated to be about 27.1732–30.3308million persons, based on 2009 data. The actual population of Shanghai was 22.1028million persons in 2009; thus, the population can continue to grow before reaching the population carrying capacity. The estimation in this paper takes into account both the internal disparities in carrying capacity of heterogeneous land spaces and composite factors such as natural resources, the environment, economic resources and social resources. Consequently, this method not only addresses defects in the existing research and estimation methods but also improves the credibility of the estimate.

猫眼逆向调制自由空间激光通信技术的研究进展

The free space optical communication technology based on a cat-eye modulating retro-reflector has great advantages as compared to the classical free space optical communication technology. In this paper,the principle of free space optical communication technology based on modulating retro-reflector is described and its main construction is introduced. Then,the research status of the technology in modulator characteristics,cat-eye optical systems and technology used in foreign countries is reviewed,and the technology development in China is introduced briefly. The key points of the technology are analyzed. Finally,the application trends and developing prospects are viewed.

A Simulation Analysis of the Introduction of an Environmental Tax to Develop Biomass Power Technology in China

Despite rapid growth in the past few decades, biomass power development in China continues to face several barriers, such as a lack of supporting policies and core technologies. This study proposes the introduction of an environmental tax to promote biomass power technology development in China. We construct a dynamic input-output model to evaluate the effects and economic feasibility of an environmental tax, considering the interrelationships among China’s economy, energy and environment. The GDP is maximized as the objective function subject to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions constraints and a series of socio-economic constraints. The model uses 2007 as the base year and 2020 as the target year. The simulation results illustrate that a 10 Yuan/tCO2e carbon tax is sufficient to stimulate biomass technology development, in addition to economic development and GHG emissions mitigation. According to the simulation, the total biomass power generation from 2007 to 2020 with the environmental tax will be 2,334 TWh, the annual growth rate of GDP will be 9 percent and the GHG emissions intensity will be 0.15 kgCO2e/Yuan, a 46.5 percent reduction compared with 2005 GHG emission intensity levels. Electricity substitution and industrial structure adjustment are two key approaches to achieve the optimization of economic development and GHG emissions mitigation in the model. Furthermore, the introduction of an environmental tax is shown to be economically feasible by the cost-benefit analysis.

Joint R&D in low-carbon technology development in China: A case study of the wind-turbine manufacturing industry

China faces the dual challenges of climate change and increased energy demand. These challenges in turn increase the demand for wind energy development. Along with rapid growth in manufacturing capacity, Chinese companies have aspired to increase their innovation capacity in order to enhance their competitiveness in the market. Joint research and development (R&D) is an attractive path for Chinese companies striving to advance their R&D capacity. This paper examines joint R&D between Chinese wind-turbine manufacturing companies and foreign design firms, assessing the performance of joint R&D activities in China using the structure-conduct-performance (SCP) framework. The study found that joint R&D has improved Chinese companies’ technical capacity, human resources and financial growth. However, the effect on Chinese companies’ innovation capacity is still limited because of unequal technical capacities of the two sides in collaboration, as well as their preference for augmenting profits rather than technical capacity. Current joint R&D mode is only the extension of licensing mode in wind-turbine manufacturing industry.

A Note on Development of Industrial Drying Technology in China

Industrial drying technology in Chinese industry has been developing rapidly since the early 1980s. In the past 30 years, many products on both a small and a large scale have been initiated. The number of dryer varieties made in China has expanded from 10 to 60. About 20,000–30,000 dryers are made in China each year. Review of this development indicates that the tremendous progress in drying technology is due to a series of policy decisions and measures that were carried out, such as imported technology assimilation and further improvement of advanced overseas technology combining production and research and development. Drying technology development has benefited from the rapid economic development in China as well as market pull and market competition. Some suggestions are also put forward for future trends in this industry.

Man-made Boards Technology Trends based on TRIZ Evolution Theory

Abstract China is one of the world's largest manufacturers and consumers of man-made board applications. A systematic and efficient method of foreseeing future technology trends and their evolutionary potentials is a key task that can help companies guide their planning and allocate their resources. Application of the law of evolution with a S-shaped curve could contribute essentially to the accuracy of the long-term forecast. This research seeks to determine the current stage and the position on the S-curve of man-made board technology in China on the TRIZ evolution theo ryand introduce a methodology which combines patent analysis and technology life cycle forecasting to find a niche space of man-made technology development in China.

Interactions of energy technology development and new energy exploitation with water technology development in China

Interactions of energy policies with water technology development in China are investigated using a hybrid input-output model and scenario analysis. The implementation of energy policies and water technology development can produce co-benefits for each other. Water saving potential of energy technology development is much larger than that of new energy exploitation. From the viewpoint of proportions of water saving co-benefits of energy policies, energy sectors benefit the most. From the viewpoint of proportions of energy saving and CO 2 mitigation co-benefits of water technology development, water sector benefits the most. Moreover, economic sectors are classified into four categories concerning co-benefits on water saving, energy saving and CO 2 mitigation. Sectors in categories 1 and 2 have big direct co-benefits. Thus, they can take additional responsibility for water and energy saving and CO 2 mitigation. If China implements life cycle materials management, sectors in category 3 can also take additional responsibility for water and energy saving and CO 2 mitigation. Sectors in category 4 have few co-benefits from both direct and accumulative perspectives. Thus, putting additional responsibility on sectors in category 4 might produce pressure for their economic development.

Recent Status and Development in Researches on Ground-Coupled Heat Pump System

At present, development of ground-coupled heat pump technology in China has entered the stage of large-scale project application from purely theoretical stage. The key question is how to apply theory to practice efficiently. However, there are still a large number of scholars who remain in the Researches on theoretical heat transfer of buried tube heat exchanger and theoretical soil thermal equilibrium. So it is essential to know the status of ground-coupled heat pump, the pressing issues and trends in the development process. This paper revealed the development status of ground-coupled heat pump, analyzed problems combining with engineering examples and predicted the development trend reasonably. The important issues are mass demonstration and promotion, which need reasonable solutions and proven technology.

The Application and Development of Microbubble Column Flotation Technology in China

Since the early 1980s, great progress has been made in microbubble column flotation technology. As one of the important mineral processing methods, the application and development of this technology in China are summarized in this paper from four respects. Firstly, a patented cyclone- static microbubble separation method was proposed to overcome the notable problems mentioned in the previous flotation columns. Secondly, microbuble column flotation was introduced to separate the high ash as well hard-to-separate coal slime generated from dense medium processes. The characteristics of the microbubble column, and the flotation process for fine coal and the high ash coal separation was analyzed. Thirdly, the application of microbubble column flotation in China was detailed introduced, especially the characteristics of series microbubble column flotation equipment, and efficient column type coal slime separation crafts were discussed. The application of microbubble column flotation particularly in low ash content coal preparation, and discarded coal slime processing technology were presented. Finally, microbubble column flotation has been extended to non-coal mineral processing, such as magnetite concentrate upgrading (concentration iron and removing silicon), sulfide copper mine separation, white tungsten flotation, etc., the related research was briefly introduced in this paper as well.

Programmes of educational technology in China: Looking backward, thinking forward

AbstractThere is a history of programmes in educational technology in colleges and universities in China going back about 70 years. This paper briefly reviews the developmental history of the educational technology programme in China, elaborates the status‐quo of the programme and looks ahead into the future trends of educational technology development in China. Finally, it expresses the authors' wishes to promote international exchange and cooperation in educational technology.

Using patent data for technology forecasting: China RFID patent analysis

China is one of the world’s largest manufacturers and consumers of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) applications. Current estimates show that China will need over 3 billion RFID tags to satisfy demand in the year 2009. The applications for RFID patents have spread across a very diverse range of inventions and in the future it is likely that most products manufactured in China will contain an RFID tag. China’s RFID industry has grown along with the demand and researchers are making significant technological advances. In this research, patent data from the State Intellectual Property Office of the People’s Republic of China (SIPO) have been used to explore RFID technology development and its trends. Patent abstracts containing the keyword and phrase “RFID” and “Radio Frequency Identification” were collected for analysis, content extraction, and clustering. In total, 1389 patents from the SIPO database covering the years 1995–2008 were retrieved and archived for analysis. Patents provide exclusive rights and legal protection for inventors, play an important role in the development and fair diffusion of technology, and contain detailed specifications necessary to define and protect the boundaries of an invention. Through patent analysis, companies monitor the development of technology and evaluate the position of potential competitors in the market. This research introduce a methodology which combines patent content clustering and technology life cycle forecasting to find a niche space of RFID technology development in China. A patent content clustering method is used to cluster different patent documents into homogenous groups, and then technology forecasting is applied to evaluate possible market opportunities for future inventors and investors. The results suggest that the cluster called RFID wireless communication devices has entered the saturation stage and thus provides limited opportunity for development. Four other clusters; RFID concepts and applications, RFID architecture, RFID tracking implementation, and RFID transmission apparatus, have entered the mature stage. The RFID frequency and waves cluster appears to be in early growth stage with good development potential. Since the technology related to basic RFID concepts and devices has reached a mature stage in China, the research and development seems to be targeting the improvement of the RFID frequencies and waves as a means to develop more reliable RFID systems and applications.

Internationalization of technology development in China: an evaluation using patent data

PurposeIncreased globalization of the world's economies, along with accelerated technological changes are transforming research and development (R&D) activities around the world. The purpose of this paper is to study the technology development in China, particularly in the light of the globalization of R&D activities.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on a detailed analysis of all US patents granted between 1979 and 2007 in which at least one inventor was a resident of China. US patents have been used as a surrogate measure of technology development and a patent developed with a resident Chinese inventor has been assumed to have been developed in China.FindingsThe paper identifies four phases of technical development in China: growth rate of patenting, extent of inventor collaboration, ownership pattern, concentration on technology trajectory and changing role of MNCs characterize each phase. While along the relatively new electrical and ICT technology trajectories, Chinese entities have benefited from the pioneering lead of foreign entities, along the traditional mechanical and chemical trajectories, foreign entities have followed the early work of Chinese entities.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations of the study include the validity of using US patents as the sole measure of technology development. Other measures of technology development may be necessary to validate the findings reported here.Practical implicationsThe study provides a rich source of information about different aspects of technology development in China and the challenges it faces in its internationalization.Originality/valueThe identification of four distinct phases have highlighted the pioneering role of foreign entities in opening up some technology trajectories as well as the increasing maturity and competence of all‐Chinese researcher teams.

Establishing an interface between public sector applied research and the Chinese enterprise sector: Preparing for 2020

China’s technological capabilities are emerging rapidly. Some argue that the country will become a challenger to established technological leaders in the near future. Currently, however, there is contradictory evidence regarding China’s potential for technological upgrading on a broader scale. By bringing together data on the public research system with evidence from the electronics industry in Guangdong province, this paper will show that many domestic firms continue to depend on foreign technology transfer whereas they have limited access to interest in domestic technologies. It is hence the purpose of this paper to illustrate the current mismatch between solutions supplied by the public sector and the true needs of Chinese firms. Its core argument is that technological development in China is not only suffering from a general lack of innovative capacity, as expectable at this stage of development, but also from an overt dependency on foreign technologies, that, if unaddressed, may impair its future potential for upgrading. We conclude that an increased provision of relevant solutions by domestic applied research institutes is possible in the mid-term but will depend on an improved management as well as on a new funding system that promotes the creation of customer relations with industrial firms.