Technology-based Entrepreneurship Research Articles

Entrepreneurship Learning Management Information System Supporting the Independent Campus Learning Program

The study aims to: (1) identify the need to develop a learning management information system in information technology-based entrepreneurship courses in supporting the Independent Campus Learning (MBKM) program in higher education; (2) develop a learning management information system model for information technology-based entrepreneurship courses to support valid and effective MBKM in the university. The study employed a 4D model development design consisting of four stages, starting from design, development, and dissemination, and the instrument is validated using Aiken’v’s formula. The reliability is analyzed using Cronbach's alpha, and the practicality of the learning management information system is assessed using a Likert scale involving 25 students from the University of Technology Makassar Akba Makassar. It shows that the scale is very practical based on the positive responses from students and lecturers, and tests of the effectiveness of system usage. It indicated that the LMS effectively supports IT-based entrepreneurship learning, holistically improves students’ learning experience, and facilitates efficient teaching practice for lecturers. Then, the data analysis shows that the learning management information system for entrepreneurship subjects based on information technology practically supports the MBKM program.

Towards transformative experiential learning in science- and technology-based entrepreneurship education for sustainable technological innovation

Science and technology-based entrepreneurship education (SBEE) is crucial for the valorisation of newly developed fundamental knowledge and innovative technology in science faculties. This is an important factor in enabling science to respond to societal challenges related to sustainability. However, its didactics are currently underdeveloped. Experiential learning plays an important role in SBEE. Against this background, the current study addresses the following research question: What are the specifications of experiential learning for further developing the didactics of SBEE, as identified through systematic assessment? The study reveals that significant improvement is possible when systematic attention is paid to the implementation of four core activities of experiential learning: bringing real-worldness into the learning setting, recognising the ill-defined nature of management problems and entrepreneurial challenges, encouraging involvement in the execution of management interventions, and highlighting the importance of reflection. Furthermore, we draw upon the literature stating that for a transformative experiential learning effect, the sole focus on a business logic in current SBEE needs to be transcended to enable such entrepreneurship and sustainability education to contribute to the kind of out-of-the-box technological innovation solutions required for the current, pressing sustainability challenges that society faces. This study provides the first evidence that dedicated attention to critical reflection is a crucial component in the design of the experiential learning process for science- and technology-based entrepreneurship and sustainability education.

Optimizing Technical Entrepreneurship: Instrument Development for Assessing Technopreneurial Behavior Among Vocational High School Fashion Design Students

Objective: Technopreneur behavior refers to the traits, attitudes, and actions of an individual or group involved in technology-based entrepreneurship. Technopreneur is a combination of the word’s "technology" and "entrepreneurship," and encompasses the application of technology and innovation in a business context. The purpose of this study is to develop an instrument that can measure the technopreneur behavior of Vocational High School Fashion School students. Method: This research is a development research with a 4D model, namely Define, Design, Development, and Development. Instrument was tested on 30 students of Vocational High School 3 Kediri. Results: The results of the study stated that based on the CVR, correlation-total, OMS, and IMS criteria, there were 2 items that did not meet so that these items had to be revised or discarded, while other items were declared to meet the criteria. And the results of the instrument trial stated that 3.33% of students had techopreneur behavior in the "high distinction" category, 83.3% in the "Distinction" category, and 13.3% in the "Credit" category. Novelty: This research presents novelty by designing a unique instrument that focuses on the technopreneur behavior of VHS Tata Busana students. This innovative approach includes the integration of technological and entrepreneurial aspects, active stakeholder participation, the application of revolutionary learning models, and adaptation to the latest technological developments.

KAZAKHSTAN EXPERIENCE OF VENTURE CAPITAL FINANCING OF TECHNOLOGY ENTREPRENEURS

The economy cannot function without a high-quality technology production sector. To do this, a connection between science and business must be established. Supporting technology entrepreneurship is the fi rst step in building communication amongst them.Technological entrepreneurship is a high level of commercialization of high-tech technologies with high added value. Technology-based entrepreneurship needs an eff ective ecosystem where venture capital investment is developing, as it is a high-risk investment tool. The following indicators demonstrate the relevance of the study: R&D expenditures in the country’s GDP have signifi cantly decreased over the past 10 years; the rating of the Republic of Kazakhstan in GEM, according to the indicator «Access to entrepreneurial fi nance» – 38th place out of 45 countries; the rating in the Venture Capital & Private Equity Country Attractiveness Index – 54th place.The purpose of the study is an analytical and empirical review of venture investment in technological entrepreneurship in the Republic of Kazakhstan.The research methodology is based on the methods of basic statistics, logical analysis, correlation and regression analysis, questionnaires, and content analysis.The originality of the work lies in the study of a phenomenon of gaining momentum in the country as venture fi nancing of technological entrepreneurship, through a survey of technological entrepreneurs of the Republic of Kazakhstan.The results of the study show that venture fi nancing signifi cantly aff ects the development of technological entrepreneurship. However, this method of fi nancing is mainly available only to large enterprises. The authors come to the conclusion that techno-trainers fi nd access to venture fi nancing moderately diffi cult and mainly rely on personal fi nances.

Technopreneurship for Driving Economic Growth in Pakistan: A Comprehensive Literature Review

Technopreneurship is one type of technology-based entrepreneurship that can help Pakistan's economy grow. It could reduce the percentage of intellectual unemployment among freshly graduated college students by creating jobs. Numerous research works have illustrated the ways in which a college education shapes and moulds individuals' personalities and thought processes, ultimately influencing their choice to pursue a career in technopreneurship.The purpose of this study is to provide a summary of the literature on technopreneurship. Technopreneurship research was conducted by reviewing and analysing technology evaluations and scholarly publications. The problem with this study is that the understanding and proficiency of technopreneurship varies across students from different professions. To address these gaps, higher education should be able to take the initiative in making sure that every student has the chance to pursue technopreneurship as a career. The article underscores the need of fostering an inventive, imaginative, and daring culture inside the entrepreneurial milieu. Through the use of surveys, interviews with technopreneurs, policy officials, and corporate executives, as well as quantitative and qualitative analysis, the research gave a full understanding of the possibilities and challenges associated to technopreneurship in Pakistan. This research aims to provide useful recommendations to investors, entrepreneurs, and policy makers on how to leverage technopreneurship to propel economic growth in Pakistan. By fostering a robust technopreneurial environment, Pakistan may increase job chances, enhance its global competitiveness, and promote sustainable economic growth.

Boosting Digital Entrepreneurship in European Union Higher Education

Digital entrepreneurship creates varied options and new development perspectives for entrepreneurs, connects entrepreneurship with technological development, creativity, innovation, the ac-cumulation of digital skills and more. Within it, e-business represents one of the fastest growing phenomena in the business world. Digital entrepreneurial education represents a new important challenge in education to prepare youth for technological changes, new requirements and digital skills necessary for choosing a career and finding a job. Nowadays, the development of technology-based entrepreneurship education programs is essential. To face new challenges, students must use digital tools to accumulate entrepreneurial skills. Starting from the priorities of The Digital Education Action Plan (2021-2027) of the European Commission, the article aims to investigate whether digital entrepreneurship education keeps pace with the pace of development of digital entrepreneurship. It presents the current state of the academic educational offer in the EU in the field of e-business and e-commerce and proposes a conceptual model of driving forces for boosting digital entrepreneurship education. This study can be of interest both for decision-makers in the field of education, researchers, teaching staff in the sense of proposing and developing new educational programs, as well as for youth who want to know the academic options for choosing a career in the context of the digital economy.

ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL LITERACY UNDERSTANDING OF STUDENTS OF MAHKOTA TRICOM UNGGUL UNIVERSITY TOWARDS DIGITAL SKILLS AND DIGITAL SAFETY

The rapid development of digitalization makes it possible to open up information with various digital communication facilities or digital literacy. In the world of education, universities, especially Mahkota Tricom Unggul University, must be able to keep up with current developments in digitalization to be able to produce quality, professional and innovative graduates with international standard capacity and technology-based entrepreneurship skills. In facing society 5.0, the role of students is really needed to be able to understand digital literacy, digital skills and digital safety. The aim of this research is to see how students' digital literacy understanding of digital skills and digital safety adapts to the era of society 5.0. The research will be carried out with a simple survey by applying a questionnaire as quantitative data and the research results will be described descriptively. The respondents will be taken from all active students of the Faculty of Social Sciences, totaling 110 people. The test results show that digital literacy has a positive and significant effect on digital skills with a percentage of 66.2%. And the test results show that digital literacy has a positive and significant effect on digital skafety with a percentage of 72.6%. Thus, it can be said that students' understanding through digital literacy can influence the digital skills and digital safety of students at Mahkota Tricom Unggul University.

Thriving in the Entrepreneurial Landscape of Sustainability and Intelligent Automation Era

The contemporary corporate landscape is undergoing a major shift, marked by a dual transformation towards sustainability and intelligent automation. As the world faces complex social and environmental challenges, entrepreneurs find themselves at a crossroads of unprecedented opportunities and daunting challenges. This study addresses the critical point where sustainability intersects with business automation, focusing on the complicated dynamics that entrepreneurs must navigate. The main concern is the need for entrepreneurs to effectively infuse the principles of sustainability and intelligent automation into their businesses. Recognizing the growing demand for environmentally conscious products and services alongside the profound impact of automation, entrepreneurs face the pressing challenge of crafting strategies that holistically embrace these paradigms. Thus, the study aims to discern the multifaceted landscape of entrepreneurial endeavors in this context. Methodologically, a combination of qualitative interviews with experienced entrepreneurs and quantitative surveys from various industries will be used, followed by thematic analysis to highlight general patterns. The study is based on a fusion of sustainable business frameworks and technology adoption models that support the exploration of entrepreneurial resilience in the context of sustainability and automation. The outcomes include an enriched understanding of the complex interplay between these dimensions and the discovery of strategies that fuel entrepreneurial triumph. This study's exploration of the intersection of sustainability, automation and entrepreneurship resonates deeply with the principles of the green economy. By dissecting the challenges and strategies entrepreneurs use to embrace sustainability and automation, the research contributes valuable insights to the ongoing discourse on sustainable business practices within a burgeoning green economy. The findings will assist policy makers by providing useful information to cultivate an environment conducive to sustainable, technology-based entrepreneurship.

Technopreneurship Strategy to Grow Entrepreneurship Career Options for Students in Higher Education

Technopreneurship is one of the technology-based entrepreneurship that can influence in increasing the economic growth of a country. It could reduce the intellectual unemployment rate among recent higher education graduates by creating jobs. Various studies have proven that higher educations have an influence in motivating and shaping the character and mindset of students to choose technopreneurship as a career orientation. This article aims to provide literature about technopreneurship. Technopreneurship studies were conducted by reading and analyzing 28 review journal articles and were summarized in a table of categorization of articles based on article names, objectives, findings and recommendations. The problem faced in this study is that there is a gap between the knowledge and skills of technopreneurship faced by students from various disciplines. To overcome such gaps the higher education is expected to be able to take strategic steps in ensuring that technopreneurship can be an interest and career choice for all students. In conclusion, the study found that there was a significant influence of entrepreneurship education and technopreneurial learning through business incubators integrated into the higher education curriculum in shaping the character and mindset to start a career as a technopreneur among students.

Technopreneurship Education, Occupational Counselling, and Sustainable Development in Nigeria

Innovation and creativity are basic necessities for any functional education like entrepreneurship education which is skill-based. The method of instructional delivery should be technologically inclined where the scientific knowledge will be inculcated in it. Technopreneurship is a process of acquiring knowledge, skills, and competencies for venture creation through technological knowhow. Technology is what makes life easier to live. It is the scientific knowledge used in practical ways to meet and satisfy human needs. Occupational counselling is the guidance and information necessary for all individuals in the world of works for better understanding of self, personality type and acquisition of relevant qualification in relation to entrepreneurship skills, job productivity, satisfaction and overall wellbeing on the work performance. This paper, therefore, focuses on how technology entrepreneurship and occupational counselling can bring sustainable development to entrepreneurs in their business operations in the global market. The paper looked at the concept of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurs, technopreneurship, development of entrepreneurship, acquisition of occupational information relevant for building entrepreneurship skills in Nigeria, significance of technology in the operations of modern entrepreneur, roles of technology-based entrepreneurship in economic development, teaching entrepreneurship education using project-based learning method and development of all related psychological characteristics the individual needs for sustainable development. The paper concluded that technopreneur, in order to succeed, needs to be taught technology-based entrepreneurship that encourages creativity and Innovation, the importance of understanding self in relation to job satisfaction and productivity that bring about commercialization and industrialization towards global marketing. The paper recommended, among others, that technology-based entrepreneurship education and occupational counselling should be entrenched into the curriculum right from Basic Schools to Tertiary institutions. It further stated that supports should be given to Tertiary institutions for curriculum overhauling and development of lecturers in form of training and retraining for sustainability.

IT-Based Entrepreneurship Course Learning Tools for Higher Education Merdeka Belajar Program Validity and Reliability

This study aims to produce a learning model instrument for information technology-based entrepreneurship courses in supporting the independent learning program for independent campuses (MBKM) in higher education. This learning model uses a development model adapted from the 4D development model, including defining, designing, developing, and disseminating using Aiken's validity analysis technique and reliability analysis using Cronbach's alpha. Data collection techniques are carried out utilizing interviews, observations, and literature studies; in the process of developing research instruments, this is done by holding a forum group discussion (FGD) with material experts and media experts and asking for input from lecturers teaching entrepreneurship courses. Based on the results of improvements on suggestions from material experts and media experts as well as lecturers teaching courses related to instruments and learning tools for information technology-based entrepreneurship courses in supporting the independent learning program for independent campuses (MBKM), then distributing questionnaires to material experts, media experts and lecturers teaching entrepreneurship courses to provide an assessment of the learning device instruments developed to obtain valid and reliable research instruments so that they are suitable for use. The results of testing the level of validity and reliability of the information technology-based entrepreneurship course learning instrument in supporting independent learning programs were obtained: (1). The validity of the Semester Learning Plan (RPS) instrument from material experts obtained an average of 0.780 with a high category, while the reliability level was 0.750 with a high category. (2). The validity of the Model Book instrument from material experts obtained an average of 0.738 with a high category, while the reliability level was 0.750 with a high category. (3). The validity of the Entrepreneurship Book instrument from material experts obtained an average of 0.743 with a high category, while the reliability level was 0.854 with a very high category. The test results of media experts' validity and reliability level of the learning management information system obtained an average of 0.916 with a very high category. In contrast, the reliability level obtained an average of 0.804 with a very high category. Furthermore, the test results of the level of validity and reliability of user response instruments (students) from expert lecturers of entrepreneurship courses obtained an average of 0.827 with a very high category, as well as the level of reliability obtained an average of 0.815 with a very high category, which consists of several aspects, namely (1). Knowledge aspects, (2). Collaborative aspect, (3). Aspects of creativity, (4). Productive aspects, (5). Motivation aspects, and (6). Empathy aspect.

Determinants of Technopreneurial Intention Among University Students: Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation (IEO) as Mediator

Technology-based entrepreneurship or technopreneur-ship is crucial in driving business innovations in a country, especially in the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era. To date, the Malaysian government has put forth various efforts and implemented many strategies to develop youth technopreneurs. However, the establishment of new technological businesses still needed to be higher. In addition, reluctance to embark on entrepreneurship among university students remained a main issue and challenge. Therefore, the ultimate purpose of this study was to investigate the determinants of technopreneurial intention among university students. The mediating role of individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO) was also tested. This study employed the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the concept of IEO as the underpinning theories in developing the model of research and hypotheses. The research method adopted was quantitative because all variables were quantifiable. In particular, it utilised a survey questionnaire. The object of the research was individual university students chosen from a public university in Malaysia. A total of 5030 students was identified as the population of the study. Based on the proportionate stratified random sampling, 358 students were selected as a sample and surveyed. The collected data were further analysed using covariance-based structural equation modelling (CB-SEM). The findings empirically confirmed that contextual elements significantly and positively influenced technopreneurs’ intentions. However, computer and Internet self-efficacy were not significant in influencing technoprenuerial intention. IEO significantly mediated the relationship between contextual elements and technopreneurs’ intention regarding mediation testing. This research proved that aspects of contextual elements such as access to capital, access to information, and social networks were important in encouraging and developing technopreneurs. Furthermore, it confirmed a model for understanding and bolstering technopreneurial intention. It helped the government find significant external factors influencing students’ technopreneurial intention. It also sheds light on establishing effective ways of developing technopreneur-ship among youths early.

Kapter: pursuing innovation and competitive advantage in the Mexican B2B ecosystem

Learning outcomes The learning outcomes are as follows: to assess the competitive position of a small business-to-business (B2B) company to remain competitive in a developing country; to identify and shape the business opportunity that represents serving small and medium enterprises that would lead to competitive positioning in the B2B environment; and to compare innovation and commercialization projects through strategic dimensions related to managing a technology company in a way that fosters business profitability and growth. Case overview/Synopsis Margarita Kaplun, founder and CEO of Kapter, a small company providing country-wide technical and consultant services on thermography to industrial hubs in Mexico, had positioned the company as a reputed provider. However, the company had experienced razor-thin margins. Margarita needs to decide whether they pursue the following grant to fund a project on technology development that will source the competitive position or pursue a commercial project that help them achieve a larger customer base to reap higher income. Complexity academic level The case is oriented for an undergraduate audience, attending entrepreneurship, innovation and industrial organization courses. It depicts issues of technology-based entrepreneurship and is suitable for students in business, management and engineering. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 11: Strategy.

Avaliação da validade do Global Entrepreneurship Index

Purpose: our objective is to assess whether the Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI) is a valid methodology for measuring the national systems of entrepreneurship. Theoretical framework: we use the structural equation modeling (SEM) as a theoretical lens to evaluate the Global Entrepreneurship Index. Design/methodology/approach: to achieve the research objective, we perform structural equation modeling to measure the formative model of GEI, using the SmartPLS 3.0 software, in order to verify the convergent validity of the constructs; the collinearity of indicators and their relevance for measuring entrepreneurship. Findings: the results obtained show that the sub-indices and indicators are adequate to measure entrepreneurship. However, we identified that there is a need to replace the micro-level components of the opportunity perception and networking indicators which provide distorted results of what is understood as productive or high impact entrepreneurship. Research, practical and social implications: the main contributions of our study are directed to the indicators’ developers. We suggest the use of components that capture aspects associated with high-impact or technology-based entrepreneurship instead of any attempt to create a new business, as our results indicate that generic components provide short-sighted results on the state of entrepreneurship, hampering comparative studies at the country-level. Originality/value: although the GEI is based on the OECD recommendations for the construction of composite indicators (indices), we have not identified any studies (not even performed by the GEI developers) on the validity of the index as a methodology for measuring entrepreneurship.

Conceptual Understanding of Critical Factors That Drive Technopreneur Success in West Java

Objectives: Technology-based entrepreneurship is required in the globalization age. To accomplish this achievement, researchers must understand what factors might impact it. The purpose of this research is to identify what factors can drive the success of digital entrepreneurs (technopreneurs) in West Java. Methodology: This study use explanatory statistics, with Structural Equation Model analysis technique through SMART PLS 2.0. Sampling technique chosen was accidental sampling with 400 respondents. Finding: Partially and simultaneously, all factors have a positive and significant effect on business success. Therefore they have identified the following factor variables: entrepreneurial behavior, skills, educational background, and service quality. Conclusion: Technopreneurs in West Java are encouraged to continue to improve all factor variables as a capital for success. Considering that this research is only conducted on digital entrepreneurs in West Java, other researchers who want to conduct research with similar variables are advised to choose different objects with a wider scope for comparison.

The Relationship between Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Self-efficacy and Technopreneurial Intention

As a developing country, Malaysia needs to develop a greater number of technology-savvy entrepreneurs to encounter the challenges of COVID19 and fourth industrial revolution (IR 4.0). However, the number of young technology-based entrepreneurs in Malaysia is still low. Moreover, not many studies have been done to identify the motivating factors of technology-based entrepreneurship. As such, this study was carried out to identify the influence of information and communication technology (ICT) self-efficacy on technopreneurial intention. A total of 152 students from a Malaysian public university was surveyed through self-administered questionnaire. Multiple regressions analysis was performed to test the hypotheses. The results revealed that three variables, namely Internet general ability, confidence in using computer and competency in using computer significantly influenced technopreneurial intention. Meanwhile, communicative ability did not have any significant relationship with technopreneurial intention. Generally, the findings supported previous studies that ICT self-efficacy played a role in determining an individual’s technopreneurial intention. Specifically, proficiency in computer skills and mastery of Internet general ability should be stressed. As technology-based entrepreneurship continues to play a crucial role in post-COVID19 era, it is important to develop more young and competitive technopreneurs. Thus, this study suggested that government should accentuate science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education; while education providers should continue to offer ICT courses to the students in order to bolster the development of technopreneurship in the country.

Design-oriented policy interventions: The case of technology-based international entrepreneurship in emerging context

Design-oriented policy interventions: The case of technology-based international entrepreneurship in emerging context

Importance of Technology-based Entrepreneurship in the Education

This research aims to discuss the importance of using technology-based entrepreneurship in education. This research used documentation method to gather data about various things or variables in written form. This research indicated that proper technology management in entrepreneurship education can improve business and increase the ratio of entrepreneurs by 2% of the total population in Indonesia. Technopreneurship can be learned through the world of education as a transformation, namely the development of entrepreneurship studies by utilizing information technology as a basis.

Explanation and classification of technological entrepreneurship financing policies: lessons from Iran

PurposeAs technological entrepreneurship has distinctive characteristics and needs particular conceptualizations, it is also important to have specific theoretical developments about its technological entrepreneurship. Studying the related domains like entrepreneurship and technology can be helpful in this path; however, their differences should be considered as well. The purpose of this study is to design a model in support of technological entrepreneurship. Since financing is considered as the main restriction on creating and developing technological entrepreneurship, the focus of this study is the research of financial policies of technological entrepreneurship..Design/methodology/approachThis research is from the qualitative point of view and in terms of the purpose of application-development that has been done in the second part. At the first step, Iran’s (IRI) national comprehensive policies have been studied from 1993 to 2020; out of 52 documents, 7 were relevant, of which 38 policies were eventually selected. Then, policy statements were explored, and open coding and categorization has been done through theme analysis approach to attain fundamental themes and organizational themes. In the second step, the themes were extracted in the form of soft research method with the approach of interpretive structural modeling to level the financing policies of technological entrepreneurship in Iran.FindingsThe results show that the most important factors influencing financing and entrepreneurship in Iran are increasing the productivity of goods and services, supporting entrepreneurship, increasing the efficiency of monetary policies that are in the first level.Research limitations/implicationsResearch limitations include access to upstream documents, strategies, administrative and organizational coordination to study documents.Practical implicationsThese findings are very important to scholars, the policymakers and technological entrepreneurship operators in designing their financing strategies. The results show that the most important factors influencing financing and entrepreneurship in Iran are increasing the productivity of goods and services, supporting entrepreneurship, increasing the efficiency of monetary policies.Originality/valueTo the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study to explore the explanation and classification of technology-based entrepreneurship financing policies in Iran. Moreover, the findings of this study would prove useful in detailed studies of financing policies in the Middle Eastern countries as well.

Innovative Entrepreneurship for Online Business: Qualitative Study

Entrepreneurship in online business is related to the rapidly growing number of internet literacy in Indonesia. Currently, 160 million people access the internet, making Indonesia an economical cake that creates a potential market. It encourages market competition and innovation in the red zone. Competition triggers business actors, including entrepreneurs, to rethink the strategies applied to win market competition relevant to the current phenomenon. The research question is related to how online business entrepreneurs take advantage of innovation to survive the business turbulence, such as developing technology, changing regulations, market tastes, and the need for social distancing in a pandemic situation. Innovative Entrepreneurship (IE), initially inspired by Schumpeter and Lumpkin Dess, is now further transformed by the evolution of generations from generation X to generation Y (millennial generation). Millennials have different characters and lifestyles, so that in terms of entrepreneurial characteristics, millennials have an IE perspective that brings their uniqueness. In line with the development of the internet and application breakthroughs by unicorn developers, E-marketplaces have become an interesting online business phenomenon to explore and create the dynamics of IE. This study is based on the perspective of technology-based entrepreneurship through a qualitative approach. The results of the study obtained an IE construct with millennial ownership. The construct of IE in the online business environment is formed by four dimensions, namely technology, work atmosphere, organizational strategy, and market agility. By applying these four dimensions, the IE construct will foster entrepreneurship to formulate better ways to survive and win the competition in the e-marketplace business environment.