Technology Platform Research Articles

Digital assessments for children and adolescents with ADHD: a scoping review.

In spite of rapid advances in evidence-based treatments for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), community access to rigorous gold-standard diagnostic assessments has lagged far behind due to barriers such as the costs and limited availability of comprehensive diagnostic evaluations. Digital assessment of attention and behavior has the potential to lead to scalable approaches that could be used to screen large numbers of children and/or increase access to high-quality, scalable diagnostic evaluations, especially if designed using user-centered participatory and ability-based frameworks. Current research on assessment has begun to take a user-centered approach by actively involving participants to ensure the development of assessments that meet the needs of users (e.g., clinicians, teachers, patients). The objective of this mapping review was to identify and categorize digital mental health assessments designed to aid in the initial diagnosis of ADHD as well as ongoing monitoring of symptoms following diagnosis. Results suggested that the assessment tools currently described in the literature target both cognition and motor behaviors. These assessments were conducted using a variety of technological platforms, including telemedicine, wearables/sensors, the web, virtual reality, serious games, robots, and computer applications/software. Although it is evident that there is growing interest in the design of digital assessment tools, research involving tools with the potential for widespread deployment is still in the early stages of development. As these and other tools are developed and evaluated, it is critical that researchers engage patients and key stakeholders early in the design process.

Preclinical immunogenicity and safety of hemagglutinin-encoding modRNA influenza vaccines

Seasonal epidemics of influenza viruses are responsible for a significant global public health burden. Vaccination remains the most effective way to prevent infection; however, due to the persistence of antigenic drift, vaccines must be updated annually. The selection of vaccine strains occurs months in advance of the influenza season to allow adequate time for production in eggs. RNA vaccines offer the potential to accelerate production and improve efficacy of influenza vaccines. We leveraged the nucleoside-modified RNA (modRNA) platform technology and lipid nanoparticle formulation process of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2; Comirnaty®) to create modRNA vaccines encoding hemagglutinin (HA) (modRNA-HA) for seasonal human influenza strains and evaluated their preclinical immunogenicity and toxicity. In mice, a monovalent modRNA vaccine encoding an H1 HA demonstrated robust antibody responses, HA-specific Th1-type CD4+ T cell responses, and HA-specific CD8+ T cell responses. In rhesus and cynomolgus macaques, the vaccine exhibited durable functional antibody responses and HA-specific IFN-γ+ CD4+ T cell responses. Immunization of mice with monovalent, trivalent, and quadrivalent modRNA-HA vaccines generated functional antibody responses targeting the seasonal influenza virus(es) encoded in the vaccines that were greater than, or similar to, those of a licensed quadrivalent influenza vaccine. Monovalent and quadrivalent modRNA-HA vaccines were well-tolerated by Wistar Han rats, with no evidence of systemic toxicity. These nonclinical immunogenicity and safety data support further evaluation of the modRNA-HA vaccines in clinical studies.

Creating a City for All of Us: The Possible Role of the Fediverse in Archiving Civic Urban Memory

This paper attempts to build a case for adopting the model of the Fediverse to archive digital citizen-generated urban memory. Examining literature from several relevant fields of debate acts as a pragmatic foundation for reasoning to then outline potential core technical functionality for provision of such an archive, using the Mastodon app as an example. This ‘civic urban memory’ archive is considered as open, curated by citizens themselves and owned by them through civic public ownership in a context of technological sovereignty. Reflecting on issues of citizen self curated and moderated memory collection archives, and the potential for opt-in or anonymous archive posting may offer some mechanisms for fair and open curation, moderation and privacy protection in such archives. Conceptual backdrop for a civic urban memory archive is placed in current debates concerning civic technological platforms acting as a digital public good in a context of a techno-social contract for learning, with a co-constructed shared civic urban memory forming part of open incidental lifelong learning in a future learning city.

On the Capabilities of the IREA-CNR Airborne SAR Infrastructure

In this work, the airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) infrastructure developed at the Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA) of the National Research Council of Italy (CNR) is described. This infrastructure allows IREA-CNR to plan and execute airborne SAR campaigns and to process the acquired data with a twofold aim. On one hand, the aim is to develop research activities; on the other hand, the aim is to support the emergency prevention and management activities of the Department of Civil Protection of the Italian Presidency of the Council of Ministers, for which IREA-CNR serves as National Centre of Competence. Such infrastructure consists of a flight segment and a ground segment that include a multi-frequency airborne SAR sensor based on the Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) technology and operating in the X and L bands, an Information Technology (IT) platform for data storage and processing and an airborne SAR data processing chain. In this work, the technical aspects related to the flight and ground segments of the infrastructure are presented. Moreover, a discussion on the response times and characteristics of the final products that can be achieved with the infrastructure is provided with the aim of showing its capabilities to support the monitoring activities required in a possible emergency scenario. In particular, as a case study, the acquisition and subsequent interferometric processing of airborne SAR data relevant to the Stromboli volcanic area in the Sicily region, southern Italy, are presented

Streaming platform imaginaries: audiences and Southeast Asian streaming

ABSTRACT This article argues for a deeper understanding of the forms of streaming platform infrastructures as imagined and experienced by audiences. The empirical research is based on a qualitative audience study in Southeast Asia. Through the use of drawings of streaming platform maps, combining visual and interview methods, the article analyses visual forms depicting the infrastructures for global streaming platforms, e.g. Netflix, alongside transnational platforms and national cable channels, e.g. Astro. Out of this original research, a core finding is that audiences from the global south have multi-layered experiences of streaming platform infrastructures, technologies and lifestyles. A new concept of streaming platform imaginaries is developed in relation to the layering of platform infrastructures, thus contributing to a nuanced understanding of both real and imagined forms of streaming platforms.

Sustainable and high performance MXene hydrogel with interlocked structure for machine learning-facilitated human-interactive sensing

Wearable epidermal electronics fabricated from MXene-based conductive hydrogels have attracted considerable interest because of their promising prospects in real-time health monitoring and human–computer interaction sensing. However, the development of a sustainable hydrogel with exceptional mechanical toughness, high conductivity, and self-adhesion is crucial to reliably capture signals through polymer network designs that establish robust interactions between MXene nanosheets and network substrates while minimizing electronic waste generated by discarded sensors. This study presents the fabrication of a sustainable conductive MXene-based dual-network hydrogel through skillful assembly of MXene nanosheets, β-cyclodextrin with azobenzene-modified polyacrylic acid chains, and poly (vinyl alcohol) polymer networks. The hydrogel demonstrates exceptional mechanical properties (strength at breaking ∼ 625 kPa, elongation at break ∼ 630 %) attributed to the presence of numerous hydrogen bonds and host–guest interactions, along with superior electrical conductivity (23.65 S/cm) and self-adhesion. The hydrogel demonstrates exceptional sensitivity across a wide range of strains, enabling the detection of various human movements and achieving successful applications in handwriting recognition and sign language translation. Under acidic condition and UV irradiation, the disassembly of AZO and β-CD as well as the untangling of PVA chains entanglement facilitate the release and recycling of MXene. This study presents a technological platform that holds promise for developing conductive hydrogels with enhanced sensing capabilities, catering to the requirements of stretchable electronic skin and intelligent robotic systems.

Enhancement of photoresponse for InGaAs infrared photodetectors using plasmonic WO3-x/CsyWO3-xnanocrystals.

Fast and accurate detection of light in the near-infrared (NIR) spectral range plays a crucial role in modern society, from alleviating speed and capacity bottlenecks in optical communications to enhancing the control and safety of autonomous vehicles through NIR imaging systems. Several technological platforms are currently under investigation to improve NIR photodetection, aiming to surpass the performance of established III-V semiconductor p-i-n (PIN) junction technology. These platforms include in situ-grown inorganic nanocrystals and nanowire arrays, as well as hybrid organic-inorganic materials such as graphene-perovskite heterostructures. However, challenges remain in nanocrystal and nanowire growth, large-area fabrication of high-quality 2D materials, and the fabrication of devices for practical applications. Here, we explore the potential for tailored semiconductor nanocrystals to enhance the responsivity of planar metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetectors. MSM technology offers ease of fabrication and fast response times compared to PIN detectors. We observe enhancement of the optical-to-electric conversion efficiency by up to a factor of ~2.5 through the application of plasmonically-active semiconductor nanorods and nanocrystals. We present a protocol for synthesizing and rapidly testing the performance of non-stoichiometric tungsten oxide (WO3-x) nanorods and cesium-doped tungsten oxide (CsyWO3-x) hexagonal nanoprisms prepared in colloidal suspensions and drop-cast onto photodetector surfaces. The results demonstrate the potential for a cost-effective and scalable method exploiting tailored nanocrystals to improve the performance of NIR optoelectronic devices.

An overview of SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins with relevance to improved diagnostic and therapeutic platforms

In the past 25 years, the world has witnessed outbreaks of illnesses in humans from three different coronaviruses. Both the SARS-CoV outbreak of 2003 and the MERS-CoV outbreak of 2013 resulted in overall low fatalities in part due to inefficient human-to-human spread of each virus. In contrast, SARS-CoV-2, which emerged in 2019, was highly efficient at human-to-human spread and caused a global pandemic resulting in millions of casualties. Zoonotic transmission of viruses, including the three coronaviruses, poses an ongoing threat that cannot be ignored. In this review, we have focused on the diagnostics and therapeutics fronts using SARS-CoV-2 as a model. Specifically, we have selected proteins associated with the virus particles as targets and discussed various platform technologies. These insights hold the potential to inform the development of more effective therapeutics and vaccines not only for SARS-CoV-2 but also for future viral pandemics, thus contributing to global health on a broader scale.

Cooperative Intelligence Platform for Primary Health Care (Picaps): techno-scientific solutions in digital health to confront COVID-19 and other crises

The arrival of COVID-19 in Brazil had a marked impact on the health network as well as on the professionals involved, due to the significant number of cases and constantly updated information. In this context, the Cooperative Intelligence Platform for Primary Health Care - Picaps - is set up as a technological platform that assists by systematizing the communication and negotiation processes among actors, with a focus on science and technology. This article sets out to describe the processes of Picaps, which consist of a collaborative system conceived of as a public solution capable of generating innovations in the areas of Science, Technology and Health, in order to tackle COVID-19 in territories with populations in socially vulnerable situations in the Federal District (DF). It integrates data collection and processing, as well as the dissemination of information for its use, both at the governmental and societal levels. Picaps can be seen as a powerful government instrument to help societies across the country, especially those in vulnerable situations, capable of assisting in the use of cooperative intelligence in primary care and health surveillance actions to build innovative solutions such as rapid responses to face health crises in modern times.

Leveraging solid solubility and miscibility of etoricoxib in Soluplus® towards manufacturing of 3D printed etoricoxib tablets by additive manufacturing

This research focuses on exploring the solid solubility and miscibility of Etoricoxib, a poorly water-soluble anti-inflammatory drug, within Soluplus®, a polymer used as a matrix for 3D-printed tablets. By utilizing hot-melt extrusion (HME), the drug was dispersed within Soluplus® to enhance its solubility. The extrudates were then employed in 3D printing to create customized solid oral dosage form. This study’s novelty lies in combining HME and 3D printing, aiming to improve drug incorporation, stability, and effectiveness in the final formulation. Comprehensive characterization techniques, including hot stage microscopy (HSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT), florescence microscopy, optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), solubility studies, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and aqueous solubility study were utilized to elucidate the physicochemical properties, thermal stability, and structural integrity for the extruded filaments (the printing ink), and 3D printed tablets made thereof. Furthermore, the in vitro drug release profile of the 3D printed tablet was systematically evaluated, revealing a controlled drug release pattern from the finished dosage form. The systematic investigation reported herein, starting from theoretical miscibility to the printing ink development through HME, detailed characterization of the extruded filaments, and further solid oral formulation development by additive manufacturing can be utilized as a platform technology or a pathway for the development of personalized medicine with drugs having similar physicochemical properties.

GreenHopper: The Danish spearhead towards autonomous waterborne mobility

Abstract GreenHopper is the first Danish zero-emission ferry developed as a test platform for autonomous waterborne navigation technologies. The paper presents technology development within the innovation project ShippingLab Autonomy, which led to the commissioning of GreenHopper at Limfjorden (DK) in December 2022. The technology research resulted in a holistic system architecture for surface vessel autonomy, based on distribution of functionality and responsibility on software modules, similar to the structure observed in the International Maritime Organization (IMO) Seafarers Training Certification and Watch-keeping (STCW) regulatory framework. The paper shows how this approach results in an architecture that supports safe behaviours of individual modules and of autonomous navigation at a system level. The paper presents the individual modules, specific features and benefits. Elements of the regulatory framework are highlighted to poise technology approval by maritime authorities. The paper reflects on lessons learned, discusses continued technology validation in dedicated operational scenarios.

National nutrition and health assessment system based on cloud platform and internet of things technology

National nutrition and health assessment system based on cloud platform and internet of things technology

GET73 modulates lipopolysaccharide- and ethanol-induced increase in cytokine/chemokine levels in primary cultures of microglia of rat cerebral cortex.

- Alcohol-induced pro-inflammatory activation might influence cellular and synaptic pathology, thus contributing to the behavioral phenotypes associated with alcohol use disorders. In the present study, the possible anti-inflammatory properties of N-[(4-trifluoromethyl)-benzyl]4-methoxybutyramide (GET73), a promising therapeutic agent for alcohol use disorder treatment, were evaluated in primary cultures of rat cortical microglia. - Primary cultures of cerebral cortex microglial cells were treated with 100 ng/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 8h, 37°C) or 75 mM ethanol (EtOH; 4 days, 37°C) alone or in the presence of GET73 (1-30 µM). At the end of the incubation period, multiparametric quantification of cytokines/chemokines was performed by using the xMAP technology and Luminex platform. Furthermore, cultured microglial cell viability following the treatment with EtOH and GET73, alone or in combination, has been measured by a colorimetric assay (i.e. MTT assay). - GET73 (10 and 30 µM) partially or fully prevented the LPS-induced increase of IL-6, IL-1β, RANTES/CCL5 protein and MCP-1/CCL2 levels. On the contrary, GET73 failed to attenuate the TNF-α level increase induced by LPS. Furthermore, GET73 treatment (10-30 µM) significantly attenuated or prevented the EtOH-induced increase of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and MCP-1/CCL2 levels. Finally, at all the concentrations tested (1-30 µM), the GET73 treatment did not alter the EtOH-induced reduction of microglial cell viability. - The current results provide the first in vitro evidence of GET73 protective properties against EtOH-induced neuroinflammation. These data add more information on the complex and multifactorial profile of action of the compound, further supporting the significance of developing GET73 as a therapeutic tool for the treatment of individuals with alcohol use disorders.

Analyzing e-government agencies’ Twitter/X engagement: A case study of Nevada

This research aims to investigate the dynamics of interactivity between Nevada’s e-government and its citizens through the utilization of social media, with a specific focus on Twitter. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study analyzed how Nevada state agencies engage with the public on Twitter, while concurrently assessing citizens’ responses through qualitative empirical research. These responses were categorized into content features, encompassing subjective opinions and sentiments (positive/negative), and structural features, comprising objective elements like special characteristics and multimedia components. Content analysis was employed to explore these features, leading to the identification of seven themes within a hypothesized two-dimensional framework, encompassing both the reflection of interactivity and the transmission of interactivity.<br /> Quantitative methods, specifically ANOVA and multiple regression analysis, were utilized to test the hypothesis. The findings revealed that Nevada e-government agencies predominantly used Twitter for one-way information dissemination, with limited two-way communication with citizens. To enhance interactivity, it is suggested that e-government posts incorporate multimedia elements and external links to facilitate information dissemination. Public administrators in the State of Nevada should focus on providing valuable and beneficial government posts, encouraging citizens to respond and express their opinions. Continuous training for public administrators is recommended, given the rapid advancements in technology and social media platforms.<br /> Furthermore, adopting best practices from domestic and international social media companies is advised to stay innovative. Public administration should transition from merely governing individuals and information to becoming facilitators and moderators of discourse on social media platforms. State e-government can strengthen citizen interaction by consistently delivering valuable information on social media, thereby obtaining immediate feedback, and influencing public opinion.

High accuracy meets high throughput for near full-length 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing on the Nanopore platform.

Small subunit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene amplicon sequencing is a foundational method in microbial ecology. Currently, short-read platforms are commonly employed for high-throughput applications of SSU rRNA amplicon sequencing, but at the cost of poor taxonomic classification due to limited fragment lengths. The Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) platform can sequence full-length SSU rRNA genes, but its lower raw-read accuracy has so-far limited accurate taxonomic classification and de novo feature generation. Here, we present a sequencing workflow, termed ssUMI, that combines unique molecular identifier (UMI)-based error correction with newer (R10.4+) ONT chemistry and sample barcoding to enable high throughput near full-length SSU rRNA (e.g. 16S rRNA) amplicon sequencing. The ssUMI workflow generated near full-length 16S rRNA consensus sequences with 99.99% mean accuracy using a minimum subread coverage of 3×, surpassing the accuracy of Illumina short reads. The consensus sequences generated with ssUMI were used to produce error-free de novo sequence features with no false positives with two microbial community standards. In contrast, Nanopore raw reads produced erroneous de novo sequence features, indicating that UMI-based error correction is currently necessary for high-accuracy microbial profiling with R10.4+ ONT sequencing chemistries. We showcase the cost-competitive scalability of the ssUMI workflow by sequencing 87 time-series wastewater samples and 27 human gut samples, obtaining quantitative ecological insights that were missed by short-read amplicon sequencing. ssUMI, therefore, enables accurate and low-cost full-length 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing on Nanopore, improving accessibility to high-resolution microbiome science.

Enhancing Environmental Awareness Among Entrepreneurs and Digital-Based Marketing Mechanisms for MSME Products

Environmental awareness among MSME actors in the Dauh Puri Kangin Village area is important to consider as it can positively impact the environment and public health. Here are some key points regarding the environmental awareness of MSME actors: 1. Applying business environmental ethics can reduce the negative impact of MSME production and create business sustainability. 2. Understanding and awareness among MSME actors are necessary for waste management. 3. The government needs to assist MSMEs by facilitating waste management, such as ensuring the operation of wastewater treatment facilities. In addition to environmental awareness, MSME actors also need to pay attention to other issues, such as limited business capital, licensing problems, financial management, lack of product innovation, and difficulties in business development. Digital marketing mechanisms for MSMEs in the Dauh Puri Kangin Village area can be implemented using digital technology and online platforms to achieve marketing goals. Some digital marketing strategies that MSMEs can adopt include: 1. MSMEs can create their own sales website to design the layout, ambience, product catalogue, and promotions. The website should be mobile-friendly for easy access via smartphones. 2. MSMEs can leverage social media as a promotional tool for sales. They can create special groups on platforms like WhatsApp and Line to send product catalogues to loyal customers. 3. MSMEs can collaborate with marketplaces to sell their products. Marketplaces like Shopee and Tokopedia provide security for MSMEs regarding payments. 4. MSMEs can implement email marketing as an online marketing strategy. 5. MSMEs can provide responsive and effective customer service through digital channels such as email, social media, and online chat. Important principles in digital marketing include understanding the target market and consumer behaviour in the digital space, identifying digital platforms that align with the target audience, and analyzing data to measure marketing performance.

Development of MyREADY Transition BBD Mobile App, a Health Intervention Technology Platform, to Improve Care Transition for Youth With Brain-Based Disabilities: User-Centered Design Approach.

Transition from pediatric to adult health care varies and is resource intensive. Patient-centered health information technology (HIT) interventions are increasingly being developed in partnership with patients. This study aims to develop an internet-based mobile app intervention for patients with brain-based disabilities to improve transition in care readiness. The app was designed for patients aged 15 to 17 years with brain-based disabilities having the ability to use a mobile app. A multidisciplinary team, an industry partner, and a patient and family advisory council was assembled. We hypothesized that existing tools could be migrated into the app to address education, empowerment, and navigation. We used cognitive learning theory to support chapters targeting transition in care skill sets. We used the agile iterative methodology to engage stakeholders. We developed a novel MyREADY Transition HIT platform. An electronic mentor supported cognitive learning with messaging, quizzes, rewards, and videos. We used gaming to guide navigation through a fictitious health care city. Adapting existing tools was achieved by the patient and family advisory council requesting personalization. Our iterative design required time-consuming back-end technology management. Developing the platform took 24 months instead of our grant-approved 12 months, impacting the onset of the planned trial within the allotted budget. A novel patient-centered HIT platform to improve health care transition was successfully developed in partnership with patients and industry. Careful resource management was needed to achieve timely delivery of the end product, flagging the cautious planning required to deliver HIT tools in time for the much-needed trials informing their clinical application. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03852550; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03852550.

286 (PB274): A comprehensive biobank of PD3D® models and technology platform for cancer research and therapy response prediction

286 (PB274): A comprehensive biobank of PD3D® models and technology platform for cancer research and therapy response prediction

206 (PB194): Tailoring the Diagnostic Pathway in Patients with Gastric Cancer (GC) Using the Innovative inPROBE® Technology Platform to Assess HER2 Expression in Peritoneal Lavage: A Pilot Study

206 (PB194): Tailoring the Diagnostic Pathway in Patients with Gastric Cancer (GC) Using the Innovative inPROBE® Technology Platform to Assess HER2 Expression in Peritoneal Lavage: A Pilot Study

Parasitic Platforms and the Crisis in News

ABSTRACTThe viability of news has been in rapid decline since the mid‐2000s. This poster presents a critical analysis of how news publishers themselves helped precipitate the crisis by enthusiastically adopting Big Tech platform technologies and audience‐building strategies. I show how search and social media platforms disrupted publishers' relationships with audiences and advertisers by appropriating control over news distribution and revenue. I use Anthony Giddens' structuration theory and Bruno Latour's actor‐network theory to explore the restructuring of the news industry by the sociotechnical practices and surveillance economics of today's dominating platforms. Leveraging Michel Serres' concept of social parasitism, I present a research framework for assessing symbiotic and parasitic relationships in sociotechnical systems using historical, quantitative, and qualitative methods, and to identify where news publishers still have agency to begin resolving the crisis. And I suggest the urgency of this research framework as publishers rapidly adopt new AI technologies.