Production Technology Research Articles

Chitosan/CNDs coated Cu electrode surface has an electrical potential for electrical energy application

Polymers and nanomaterials had been widely applied at electrochemical chemosensor and biosensor. Developing technical energy is still much needed, especially using natural environmental friendly material. Both chitosan of biopolymer and carbon nanodots (CNDs) of nanomaterials are highly studied due to their extraordinary properties. The research focus on chitosan and chitosan/CNDs nanocomposite surface that was applied for electrical energy. Nanocomposite was coated on Cu electrode surface by using electroplating method. The coated electrode was dipped into oil samples. The dipped nanocomposite then was characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, and Chemosensor. Nanocomposite structure is still maintain its chemical compound, confirmed by FTIR and XRD, which still maintain amine group; hydroxyl group; and crystalinity of chitosan after CNDs intercoporation. Nanocomposite surface morphology show magnetite particle distribution that spreaded on the surface of electrode for both chitosan and CNDs nanocomposite, which is confirmed by SEM. The free dipping method is based on the sensitive material chitosan/CNDs as a chemosensor; the pressure process on the surface of the chitosan/CNDs sensitive material causes the interaction of metal ions and acid compounds, which involves an iontophoresis process where oil atoms that have been excited in the evaporation process will experience atomic vibrations due to electron transport which then the active groups on the Chemosensor directly absorb and bind metals and acids in oil use a chemisorption process which leads to the transfer of charge from the adsorption particles to the chemosensor surface to fill the holes so that a potential difference occurs in the form of electrical pulses which will then be captured by the Arduino system which will be converted into digital data. This process makes technological energy production in the form of electrical energy faster.

ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЕ ПЕЛЛЕТ КОФЕИНА МЕТОДОМ ЭКСТРУЗИИ-СФЕРОНИЗАЦИИ ДЛЯ «КОКТЕЙЛЬНОЙ» ТЕСТ-СИСТЕМЫ

Cocktail" test systems are used for phenotyping the metabolic activity of human cytochrome P450 isoenzymes. The vast majority of "cocktails" for phenotyping include caffeine, based on data on the metabolism of which the activity of the CYP1A2 isoenzyme is determined. The use of pellets as a dosage form consisting of many particles for "cocktail" test systems makes it easy to change the composition and dosage of the test system depending on the needs of CYP research, and also provides easier acceptance of the test system by the patient in geriatric studies. Aim. Development of pellets containing caffeine for a "cocktail" test system using the methodology of a complete factor experiment. Materials and methods. Pellets containing caffeine (Shandong Xinhua Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., China) were manufactured by extrusion-spheronization in the ESI 25 apparatus (Tofflon, China). The obtained pellets were subjected to technological tests in accordance with the GF of the Russian Federation XV. The quality of the pellets obtained and their dissolution profile were evaluated. Results and discussion. With the help of a complete factorial experiment, the optimal composition of pellets was selected, the optimal amount of granulating liquid was selected, and the parameters of the extrusion-spheronization process were worked out. Conclusion. As a result of the conducted research, the composition and technology of production of caffeine pellets for the cocktail test system were developed using a complete factorial experiment. A technological scheme for the production of pellets has been developed. Optimal conditions for humidification of the pellet mass were selected for the extrusion-spheronization technology.

Lombardic ornaments from San Mauro cemetery at Cividale, Italy

A group of very significant Lombardic ornaments from the cemetery of San Mauro at Cividale del Friuli (Udine) in Italy has been examined and analysed with X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The objects are now part of the collections of the National Museum of Cividale del Friuli. Among the objects there are several so-called stirrup or radiate-head bow fibulae, one of which also shows an interesting cloisonné decoration, an S-shaped fibula with cloisonné, a unique gilded and nielloed equal-armed fibula with two opposite faces or masks, belt buckles and belt plates, a necklace with gold pendants with filigree and granulation, a vessel of probable Byzantine origin and a golden cross. The composition and the production technology of the single pieces are discussed in detail in the paper with relevant comparisons.

КЕРАМИЧЕСКИЕ ИЗДЕЛИЯ ИЗ СРЕДНЕВЕКОВОГО ГОРОДИЩА ЖАЙЫК(по материалам раскопок 2015 г.)

The presented article is devoted to one of the most common artifacts of archaeological complexes – ceramics. Based on the archaeological analysis of the products, the morphology and technical characteristics of some types are briefly revealed. The research base of the article consists of materials from the archaeological excavation of the Zhaiyk settlement, carried out during the 2015 field season. Ceramic production, as one of the specialized types of craft, has a certain set of special technical means and devices. Generalization of data on technology and, above all, the design of roasting furnaces over a certain, rather long, chronological period within one region makes it possible to trace the evolution of special roasting devices. This, in turn, allows us to make a conclusion about the level of ceramic production technology in a particular period, as well as judge the degree of specialization of the craft at various stages of the development of pottery. In addition, a detailed analysis of the design of the forges makes it possible to identify mutual influences, and often direct borrowings in pottery technology. For the medieval settlements of the North-Eastern Caspian region, this is all the more relevant, since based on the analysis of the earliest structures, it is possible to resolve the issue of the time and ways of the appearance of the region and the direction of its further evolution.

Teh Hitam Cammelia Sinensis Dan Manfaatnya Untuk Kesehatan Pendekatan Berbasis Sains Dan Nilai Islam

Black tea from Camellia sinensis has been a highly popular beverage in Indonesia since the 17th century. Various types of Camellia sinensis tea include white tea, green tea, oolong tea, and black tea. Each type of tea has a distinct antioxidant profile, with black tea containing the highest caffeine content. All types of tea are rich in antioxidants like polyphenols, which play a crucial role in protecting the body from free radicals and reducing the risk of various diseases such as Alzheimer's, diabetes, stroke, hypertension, obesity, cancer, and have antibacterial properties while also serving as an anti-aging treatment for the skin.From an Islamic perspective, the Quran contains numerous verses that command humans to observe and study Allah's creations. This underscores the belief that nothing Allah has created is without purpose, implying that every creation has significant benefits. The consumption of black tea aligns with the principle of maintaining physical health as a form of spiritual responsibility, as also instructed in the Quran. The integration of scientific approaches with religious values elevates black tea beyond merely a beverage enjoyed for its taste, tradition, and health benefits, making it a part of a holistic healthy lifestyle. Utilizing tea production technology and advancing research to uncover the benefits of black tea is a way of expressing gratitude and is considered an act of worship, as its development adheres to the principle of benefiting others.

Analysis of apple chips business development strategies using business model canvas approach and SOAR-AHP method

The study focuses on SMEs X, a producer of various processed fruit products, primarily apple chips. The business experienced a 90% decline in revenue due to an 8-month market closure during the Covid-19 pandemic, with ongoing challenges such as reduced revenue and production capacity post-pandemic. This study aims to identify business models in SMEs using the Business Model Canvas (BMC) approach, develop alternative business strategies through SOAR analysis of BMC elements, prioritize these strategies using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, and enhance their BMC. Four expert respondents participated in the study. The research results highlight the current business conditions across the 9 BMC elements. The SOAR matrix produced eight alternative strategies, prioritized using the AHP method, including optimal production planning and scheduling (OR2), strengthening apple chips brand awareness (OA2), disseminating freeze-drying production technology innovations (OA1), developing business unit production (SA2), expanding the marketplace (SA1), maximizing the use of social media (OR1), product quality standardization (SR1), and forming partnerships with other fruit chip SMEs to innovate freeze-dried products (SR2). The BMC was further developed by integrating SR2 and OA1 into the key partnerships element, SA2 into the key resources element, OA2, OR1, and OA2 into the key activities element, SR1 into the value proposition element, and SA1 into the channel element.

Theoretical design and synthesis of Co30Ni60/CC for high selective methanol oxidation assisted energy-saving hydrogen production

The integration of methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) with hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) represents an advanced approach to hydrogen production technology. Nonetheless, the rational design and synthesis of bifunctional catalysts for both MOR and HER with exceptional activity, stability and selectivity present formidable challenges. In this work, firstly, density functional theory (DFT) was utilized to design and evaluate material models with high performance for both MOR and HER. Secondly, guided by DFT, Co30Ni60/CC (CC, carbon cloth) composites with a leaf-like nanosheet structure were successfully fabricated via electrodeposition. In the MOR process, Ni acts as the predominant active center, while Co amplifies the electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) and enhances the selectivity of methanol oxidation. Conversely, in the HER process, Co serves as the primary active center, with Ni augmenting the charge transfer rate. The electrochemical results demonstrate that Co30Ni60/CC exhibits exceptional performance in both MOR and HER at a current density (j) of 10 mA cm−2, with peak potentials of 1.323 V and −95 mV, respectively. Additionally, it shows remarkable selectivity for the oxidiation of methanol to high value-added formic acid. Thirdly, following a 100 h chronopotentiometry (CP) test, the required potential demonstrates an increase of 4.9 % (MOR) and 8.1 % (HER), signifying the superior stability of Co30Ni60/CC compared to those reported in the literature. The exceptional performance of Co30Ni60/CC can be primarily attributed to that the leaf-like nanosheets structure not only exposes a plethora of active sites but also facilitates electrolyte diffusion, the monolithic structure prepared by electrodeposition enhances its stability, and the transfer of electrons from Co to Ni regulates its electronic structure, as corroborated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and density of states (DOS) analyses. Finally, at the same j, the voltage required by the Co30Ni60/CC||Co30Ni60/CC electrolytic cell, powered by an electrochemical workstation, is 198 mV lower than that required for alkaline water-splitting. Meanwhile, at higher j (100 mA cm−2), the electrolytic cell exhibits sustained and stable operation for 150 h, enabling high-efficiency hydrogen production and the synthesis of high value-added formic acid.

Analyzing the Adoption of Improved Production Technologies among Cassava Contract and Non-Contract Farmers in Kogi State, Nigeria

Analyzing the Adoption of Improved Production Technologies among Cassava Contract and Non-Contract Farmers in Kogi State, Nigeria

砥石을 통해 본 한반도 동남부지역의 開始期 철기 제작기술

In relation to the beginning of ancient iron production in the southeastern part of the Korean Peninsula, the issue of wrought iron production has been a major issue, with research focused on furnace wall and tuyre fragments, iron materials, and slag found in association within dwellings. However, whetstones, which functioned as a processing tool throughout humankind’s long history, have yet to be fully examined in relation to wrought iron production. Therefore, this paper presents the results of analysis undertaken on the use traces of the ground whetstones excavated from archaeological sites. It was found that the whet-stones can be largely divided into those with the abrasive section located partially or along the entire surface of the stone. In the areas where the iron tools were used from the initial stage, it was identified that the stone manufacturing technology of the local communities was utilized and evidence of the working of iron products could be observed on the sur-face of the whetstones. In addition, the fact that iron objects have have been unearthed in contexts in which iron production by-products have not been identified shows that the use of whetstones was not limited to iron smithing. In addition, in relation to the initial period of iron use ob-served mainly in the Geumho River basin, the characteristics and distribution of iron pro-duction sites from the same period are not uniform, indicating that the nature of iron use and production in the initial period in the southeastern region was not uniform. The development of the initial iron production technology for the southeastern part of the Korean Peninsula was examined by identifying different aspects in the southeastern part of Kyushu, Western Japan, where the situation of reusing iron fragments was con-firmed over a long period of time and over a wide area.

Renewable energy, energy efficiency, and economic complexity in the middle East and North Africa: A panel data analysis

This paper aims to investigate how economic complexity and structural transformation affect energy security. This study differs from previous research by focusing on energy efficiency and renewable energy transition as indicators of energy security. The employed methods include econometric techniques such as Panel-Corrected Standard Errors, Driscoll and Kraay's Spatial Correlation Consistent (SCC) method, and Generalized Least Squares, covering data from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries between 1990 and 2017. The results show that economic complexity has a negative effect on energy efficiency but a positive impact on renewable energy. However, economic growth positively affects energy efficiency but negatively influences renewable energy. These results imply that economic complexity is energy-intensive but green, whereas economic growth is energy-saving but brown. The comparative analysis reveals that the negative effects of economic complexity and growth are larger than their positive effects, highlighting the necessity of restructuring economic activities and sectors. Accordingly, decision-makers should encourage the utilization of more energy-efficient technologies in economic activities and production, while promoting renewable energy consumption to enhance energy security in the MENA region.

Collaborative Optimization of a Matrix Manufacturing System Based on Overall Equipment Effectiveness

When several traditional flow-shop lines operate in parallel, the operation mode with no communication between production lines will no longer be the optimal production paradigm. This paper describes matrix manufacturing systems (MMS) in a general manner from the perspective of related works, comparing different manufacturing organizational forms and their characteristics. Subsequently, MMS are extracted during the parallel production of multiple surface mount technology (SMT) lines. An overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) online calculation model and a collaborative optimization method are proposed based on the OEE of the MMS. The innovative idea of this study is to divide existing multiple parallel SMT lines into MMS. The efficiency of each matrix unit (MU) was calculated, and a collaborative optimization method was proposed based on an indicator (OEE). In this paper, an example of eight SMT lines is presented. The partitioning of MUs, OEE calculation of each MU, and the low OEE unit collaborative optimization method are described in detail. Through a case study, the architecture of the collaborative optimization model for the MMS was constructed and discussed. Finally, the improvement in the OEE proved the effectiveness and usability of the proposed architecture.

FACTORS INFLUENCING UTILIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES TRANSFER AMONG PARTICIPANTS OF ADOPTED VILLAGE EXTENSION PROJECT IN KADUNA AND NIGER STATE, NIGERIA

The study assessed the factors influencing utilization of agricultural technologies transfer among participants of Adopted Village Extension Project (AVEP) in Kaduna and Niger State, Nigeria. A Multi-stage sampling procedure was employed to select 246 participants of AVEP for the study comprising of 131 and 115 participants from Kaduna and Niger States, respectively. Primary data were collected with the aid of structured questionnaire complemented with an interview schedule. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Technology Adoption Index (TAI) and Tobit regression analysis. The results reveal that the mean age of the participants in Kaduna and Niger States were 38 and 31 years, with a mean household size of 7 and 5 people, and mean farming experience of 14 and 10 years, respectively. The various agricultural technologies transferred to participants in Kaduna State among crop production were storage techniques (83.5%), improved seeds (80.0%) and weed management techniques (78.3%) ranked 1st, 2nd and 3rd respectively, while participants in Niger State indicated improved seed (90.1%), weed management techniques (83.2%) and planting techniques (78.6%) ranked 1st, 2nd and 3rd respectively. More so, among the livestock production technologies transferred to participants in Kaduna State were improved animal breeds (8706%), hybrid broilers (80.0%) and improved feed formulation (80.0%) ranked 1st and 2nd, respectively, while participants in Niger State indicated improved animal breeds (92.4%), hybrid broilers (82.4%) and hybrid layers (74.1%) ranked 1st, 2nd and 3rd, respectively. Respondents’ age (-2.05; p<0.05), education (1.76; p<0.10), awareness of technology (2.16; p<0.05), compatibility (4.35; p<0.01), relative advantage (1.98; p<0.10) and cost (-3.22; p<0.01) influences participants’ utilization of agricultural technologies transferred through AVEP in Kaduna State, while age (-2.41; p<0.05), education (2.02; p<0.05), farm size (2.54; P<0.01), awareness of technology (2.09; p<0.05), compatibility (3.12; p<0.01), relative advantage (1.74; p<0.10) and cost (-2.97; p<0.01) influences participants’ utilization of agricultural technologies transferred through AVEP in Niger State. The study concluded that socio-economic and institutional factors highlighted above significantly influences utilization of agricultural technologies by the respondents in the study area. It was therefore recommended that, for efficient transfer of agricultural technologies, there is need for increased sensitization by the research institutes on relative advantages of technologies adoption and utilization for greater output and income.

Construction of novel β-XY (X = Ge, Sn, Y = S)/g-C3N4 heterostructures: efficient visible light-driven water splitting catalysts

The logical design of inexpensive, non-polluting, and extremely effective photocatalysts is a crucial step toward achieving clean energy. The currently low solar-to-hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiency (ηSTH) makes hydrogen production technologies less than optimal. Herein, novel β-XY (X = Ge, Sn, Y = S)/g-C3N4 heterostructures have been constructed. Among them, the β-SnS/g-C3N4 exhibits low carrier recombination, and its geometry, optoelectronic properties, as well as the thermodynamic feasibility of its reaction, have been thoroughly examined through DFT calculations. The results demonstrate that the β-SnS/g-C3N4 heterostructure is a type-II heterostructure, exhibiting an indirect band gap of 2.57 eV. Photocatalysis is more efficient because of the built-in electric field that extends from the g-C3N4 monolayer to the β-SnS monolayer, effectively separating electrons and holes. The continuously decreasing free energy validates the thermodynamic spontaneity of water splitting. Additionally, the heterostructure demonstrates robust absorption in both the visible and UV ranges. Notably, the ηSTH of 15.54 % underscores the commercial viability of this material. These findings thus suggest that β-SnS/g-C3N4 heterostructure is a good candidate material for water splitting via photocatalysis.

PRODUK OLAHAN IKAN (PROKAN) UPAYA MENINGKATKAN INOVASI PRODUK PERIKANAN DI DESA SISARAHILI TELUK SIABANG, KECAMATAN SAWO, KABUPATEN NIAS UTARA

Sisarahili Village is one of the underdeveloped villages that has a lot of potential in the fisheries sector. Based on survey information in the village, the income and economy of the people of Sisarahili Teluk Siabang Village have decreased since the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020. The problem faced by the community in Sisarahili Teluk Siabang Village is the lack of knowledge and skills possessed by the community to process fishery products into processed fish products that are highly nutritious and have high selling value. In order to solve this problem, this service activity aims to provide knowledge and skills to the community in Sisarahili Teluk Siabang Village about the technology of processing fishery products into processed fish products (PROKAN) which are highly nutritious and can increase the income and economy of the community. The implementation method used to achieve the target of service activities is by conducting counseling, training on the technology of processing fishery products into Processed Fish Products (PROKAN): nuggets and meatballs and mentoring. The community group that is the special target of this service activity is fisherwomen. Through the Student Organization Capacity Strengthening Program (PPK ORMAWA), it becomes a student movement in providing knowledge about the technology of processing fishery products into Processed Fish Products (PROKAN). This community service activity was welcomed enthusiastically by the community by attending the counseling and training of Processed Fish Products (PROKAN). The community stated that they got additional insights and skills in processing fish into various products, namely nuggets and meatballs.

Theoretical and practical aspects of technologies for enriched bakery products with freezing of semi-finished products

Theoretical and practical aspects of technologies for enriched bakery products with freezing of semi-finished products

Middle Stone Age technological organisation from MIS 5 at Mertenhof Rockshelter, South Africa

Lithic technological organisation within the southern Africa Early Middle Stone Age (∼315,000–80,000 years ago) has seen relatively little investigation owing to the subtly of technological change, frequent use of locally derived raw materials, and the archaeological spatio-temporal discontinuity. This has resulted in relatively limited use of explanatory models for technological variability, including mobility, provisioning, tool production, and core reduction strategies. This paper uses 2952 artefacts to test the lithic technological organisation across Marine Isotope Stage 5 units of Mertenhof Rockshelter. Here we argue that the scales and concepts currently used to approach Early Middle Stone Age technology requires reconsideration. The Mertenhof sequence exhibits high proportions of non-local raw materials with their transport reflective of tactical adjustments within relatively stable mobility, provisioning, and reduction strategies. We demonstrate that Early Middle Stone Age populations maintained a diverse array of tactical solutions across these strategic domains, offering a durable and flexible strategy that would be adapted to changing contexts.

Comparative behavior of circular precast UHPC columns with hoops and spiral reinforcement

Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) offers outstanding mechanical properties that can greatly influence the future of our structures. Despite the remarkable durability and high tensile and compressive strength of UHPC, its widespread use in large structural applications remains limited. This limitation is attributed to several factors such as the relatively high cost of the material and the slow development of large-scale production technology and procedures. In light of these challenges, the objective of this research is two-fold: first, demonstrate the successful fabrication of four full precast UHPC columns using economic mixture and construction-scale production in a precast plant setting, and next, compare the axial behavior of the fabricated circular columns with different transverse reinforcement detailing. The study carefully considers the choice of lateral confinement and spacing along the height of the column (spiral and hoop reinforcement with 1.5 in and 3 in spacing). The paper presents the global and local behavior that include load capacity, stiffness, axial and reinforcement strains, and ductility. The spirally confined column with 1.5 in spacing showed 26 % higher ductility than the counter hoop reinforced column, while both configurations showed a significant increase in ductility of 34 % when the transverse reinforcement spacing is reduced from 3 to 1.5 in. The research shows that the ACI design reduction factor for conventional concrete (0.65) and the accidental eccentricity reduction factor (0.8) for hoops are unnecessarily conservative and might be increased to 0.75 and 0.85, respectively as for the spiral reinforcement in the case of UHPC columns.

BINDERS FROM SECONDARY RAW MATERIALS OF COAL ENRICHMENT WASTE FOR CONSTRUCTION OBJECT ERECTION USING THE 3D PRINTING METHOD

Formulation of the problem. The 3D printing construction technology is one of the modern methods of rapid construction, which allows for a significant automation of the building process while achieving high precision in the fabrication of complex configurations using equipment (3D printers) controlled by software to define precise coordinates of the printed structure model. The main materials for construction 3D printing technology are composite mixtures based on binders. Cement or composite binders can be used as binders [1]. The cement production technology involves the firing of its components at 1 450 °C, which requires significant energy resources and affects its final cost and the overall mixture. The utilization of coal enrichment waste, which contains clay minerals, quartz, pyrite, and a small amount of carbonates, impurities, and combustible substances, allows for reducing the consumption of technological fuel and the firing temperature of the binder by harnessing the heat-generating properties of coal inclusions. Thus, coal enrichment waste can be used as a fuel component in obtaining the binder. The purpose. Based on the conducted research, it can be concluded that the use of component binders derived from coal enrichment waste shows promise in the construction of buildings using 3D printing technology. By harnessing the heat-generating properties of these waste materials, it is possible to reduce the consumption of technological fuel and firing temperature required for binder production, consequently lowering CO2 emissions into the atmosphere and reducing the final cost of the construction mixture for 3D printing.

Research progress on key technologies of flexible wearable electronic devices

Flexible wearable device is an innovative technology product, using soft, lightweight material design, can fit the curve of the human body, providing a comfortable wearing experience. These devices typically integrate a variety of sensors, batteries, and connectivity technologies to enable biometric monitoring, motion tracking, communication, and other intelligent functions. Traditional electronic products tend to give a "stiff" impression that they cannot withstand bending, twisting and stretching. In recent years, under the background of the integration of electronic technology and modern material science technology, the emerging flexible electronic wearable device has become a research hotspot with its more flexible material, more sensitive and accurate signal transmission, and more extensive monitoring range. The development of flexible electronic technology has greatly improved the user's wearing experience and is more suitable for the free movement of the human body. This paper summarizes the basic principle and classification of key technologies of wearable electronic devices, and introduces the research progress and research trend.

Experience in using the «Sherpa» software package during field work and its integration with GIS INTEGRO

The article is devoted to the results of the joint use of the Sherpa software package, developed by the Karpinski Institute, with the GIS INTEGRO primary information module during the field work of FSBI VNIGNI in 2023. The creation of a modern complex of domestic software and technological products will allow for better and faster information and analytical support of oil and gas operations in the future. The possibilities provided by the developed software and technology complexes are demonstrated by examples of specific practical tasks.