Patent Technology Research Articles

The history and prediction of composting technology: A patent mining

Composting technology (CT) is a bridge between organic waste and soil carbon pool, which also a critical technology on the sustainable development of agriculture. Although some attempts have been made to address the CT assessment, technical details are not yet available; this brought difficulties in predicting the development directions. Here, patent measurement was used to analyse the structured and unstructured scripts of 11,701 composting technology patents (CTPs) in the Derwent Innovations Index database. It was discovered that the history of CT could be divided into the budding stage (1970–1989), the developing stage (1990–2006) and the expanding stage (2007–2019). Environmental policies are highly related to CT development. China authorised the most CTPs, accounting for 43.89% of the world’s total. The World Intellectual Property Organization and the European Patent Office made a significant contribution to patent flow. The co-words analysis suggested that the technological aim of CT has shifted from waste disposal to organic fertiliser preparation. Cluster analysis sectored CTPs into 42.76% of which focuses on the composting device. Through the mining results and literature reviews, the subject of using mineral in compost, anaerobic fermentation, new microbial strain, straw composting and preparation of high-efficiency organic fertiliser were the potential research directions. This study investigated the history of CT and predicted possible trajectories that could be informative to eliminate repetitive and subsidiary horizontal innovations.

Research on the invulnerability and optimization of the technical cooperation innovation network based on the patent perspective—A case study of new energy vehicles

This paper takes new energy vehicles as the research object, building the technical cooperation innovation network of new energy vehicles based on the patent perspective by establishing the related technology patent search expression, and analyzing the processes of the invulnerability and optimization in the actual technology cooperation innovation network by using the simulation analysis method. The research results show that the harmfulness of the degree value priority attack in the technical cooperation innovation network of new energy vehicles is stronger than the weighted degree value priority attack and random attack, and the attacks of the State Grid and other hub nodes have an important impact on the network invulnerability. During the network optimization process of three types of connection preferences, the “weak”-“weak” connection is the best connection mode given the situation of an unweighted network without considering the weight of the connected edge. However, the “strong”-“weak” connection is the best mode given the situation of a weighted network considering the weight of the connected edge. In addition, compared with the weighted network situation, the “strong”-“weak” connection has better network optimization results given the situation of an unweighted network. Finally, we propose counter measures and suggestions to promote the innovation network invulnerability capabilities of technical cooperation in new energy vehicles.

Revealing key topics shifts in thermal barrier coatings (TBC) as indicators of technological developments for aerospace engines

Thermal barrier coating (TBC) systems reduce the temperature of the metallic substrate of aerospace engines, resulting in improved component durability, better fuel economy and performance. Scientific research and innovation on TBC systems evolves rapidly and diversely over the years. Hence, an understanding of the research and innovation pathways on TBC systems is extremely important for the future development of aerospace engines. This study examines research publications and patents on TBC during 1980–2019. While USA led the TBC publication output from 1980 to 2010, China takes the lead after 2011 and India too is emerging noticeably on TBC research. The citation impact of publications reveal key topic shifts. Distinct peaks identified for (1) materials sciences during 1998–2003; (2) energy during 2001–2007, and (3) chemical engineering during 2009–2018. The visual mappings of author keywords of the publications reveal the progress of TBC technology. Results show shifts in deposition techniques for TBC coating preparation, and thermal management in the engines. The journal papers cited by patents have low correlation to the highly cited papers. This paper introduced an innovation relevance indicator to gauge the relevance of an institution’s scientific research to technological innovation. This novel indicator reveals the industry relevant work among the active institutions and companies with patents in TBC technologies. Universities with significant number TBC patents fall into two broad categories, (1) those who have high (> 70%) collaborations on patents filed, and (2) those that filed patents without existing external collaborations.

REACH for Commercialization: Narrowing the Gender Gap in Technology Transfer

Crisafulli and Juhas explore the significance of REACH for Commercialization in addressing the gender gap in technology transfer REACH for Commercialization is a year-round, cohort-based program designed to address the persistent gender gap in technology transfer, patenting and entrepreneurial activities REACH consists of a series of interactive workshops, formal and informal networking opportunities and individual mentoring The program is designed to amplify the impact of ResEArCH, fast-track academic discovery for the benefit of the society and enhance professional development

How do different types of energy technological progress affect regional carbon intensity? A spatial panel approach.

This paper investigated the spatial effects of two types of technological progress, namely renewable energy technology patents (RET patents) and energy conservation and emission reduction technology patents (ECERT patents), on carbon intensity of 30 provinces in China. Based on the 2005-2017 provincial panel dataset of China, this paper used the spatial Durbin model to analyze the spatial dependence and the spillover effects of surrounding provinces. The results first proved the existence of the spatial correlation in the carbon intensity across different provinces in China. Second, we found that the energy conservation and emission reduction technological progress can effectively reduce the province's own carbon intensity; however, this role is not significantly reflected by the progress in renewable energy technologies. Nonetheless, both types of technological progress have negative indirect and total effects on carbon intensity, thereby indicating that, geographically, they have technology diffusion effects. At the same time, the results demonstrated that technology patents play a negative role in carbon intensity. Third, by taking the interaction item between energy consumption and renewable energy technology patents into consideration, it was observed that the progress in renewable energy technologies can reduce the carbon intensity, owing to its role in optimizing the energy consumption structure of the province, but increase the carbon intensity of the surrounding provinces. Finally, based on the abovementioned findings, this paper put forward corresponding policy proposals.

Dataset on technological alliances by using joint patents in the biotechnology industry.

The data in this article includes biotechnological joint patents as a proxy of technological alliances. Joint patents are not directly found in public or commercial databases. Each joint patent has their corresponding International Patent Classification codes, their forward citation measure as an indicator of innovation value, and the firms involved in the process. The data was collected during a time frame that ranges from 2006 to 2010. Data from the joint biotechnological patents was collected at first during the time window, and then filtered, cleaned, and sampled accordingly to obtain 340 joint patents between firms (e.g. alliances) in the industry. Then each of the joint patents was processed to find the forward citations they have. Data on joint patents of biotechnology industry can be reused in future studies related to technological alliances and patenting mechanisms and process.

‘Embodiments of the invention’: Patents and urban diagrammatics in the smart city

How do technology firms compete to colonize the urban future? This article theorizes technology patents as a medium of urban futuring. Patents secure legal exclusion by disclosing an idea or invention. However, the incentive structures behind patents are ambiguous. Patent holders must articulate inventions with enough technical specificity to warrant a property claim while remaining strategically imprecise enough to capture unanticipated future uses. I build on the Foucaultian theory of the diagram to discuss patents' interplay of disclosure and secrecy as a strategic anticipatory practice for colonizing urban futures. Whereas modern urban governance operated on spatial form to discipline citizens, smart city technology patents reflect a splintering of technical capacity and control. In the empirical section, I analyze three patent-diagrams: the first for a Wi-Fi-enabled advertising system, the second for a notification system for autonomous vehicles, and the third for an algorithmic predictive policing platform. These examples show that at a fundamental level, smart city technologies are less discrete inventions than claims to the capacity to influence human–machinic interactions. The article concludes with a reflection on how critical urbanists can learn from technology patents to advance more democratic and publicly oriented visions for the city.

The Development Trend of Nano-Imprint Resist Patent Technology

The Development Trend of Nano-Imprint Resist Patent Technology

Current Advances in Drug Delivery Systems for Capsule Endoscopy.

Oral administration of medications and current oral modified-release systems are the most preferred drug delivery routes, but they provide efficacy up to 12-24 hours per administration and are not useful when the patient has short transit time. The once-daily administered formulations are the endpoint of many types of drug development, and some innovations in capsule endoscopy (CE) can solve this problem. This review aims to reveal recent advances in drug delivery systems (DDS) for CE as an essential field of research for more precise drug targeting at the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. We performed a narrative overview of the MEDLINE database from 1991-2020 using the keywords of DDS and CE with synthesizing the findings, hand searches, and authoritative articles. There are microelectromechanical systems and non-mechanical patent technologies for DDS for CE, and the implementation of wireless-capsule medical devices into the human body will provide new diagnostic and therapeutic options. Integrating biomedical CE with DDS and the cloud technology will bring remote real-time feedbackbased automated treatment or responsive medication. Swallowable drug delivery systems for capsule endoscopy brings an entirely new approach for diagnostic and therapeutic methods in digestive diseases.

LA ENTREPRENEURIAL UNIVERSITY: TOOLS AND MODELS FOR INTEGRATING THE THIRD MISSION IN EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

University spinoffs have remarkably strengthened the linkage between universities and industry. The number of technology patents and spinoffs coming out of university research has a significant impact on regional economic and social development. To further highlight the importance of university spinoffs, the article aims to review available literature on university spinoffs and present a comprehensive overview of what university spinoffs are, why they are important, what makes them significant, and how they are or can be created. In addition to reviewing existing models of University spinoff creation, the authors propose a new, multi-stage, holistic model.
 The authors explore how universities can promote new research-based businesses by suggesting that the nature of the supplied support depends on demands of spin-off companies. Adopting a demand-side perspective, the authors seek to understand the challenges faced by new technology businesses and hence identify how universities can assist their start-up and development.
 The paper nuances the common conception of a university as one uniform entity in relation
 to spin-offs, and assesses the literature including all levels within the university. The analysis of EU spin-off models, activities, methodologies and policies is based on the outcomes of the ERASMUS+ project “University-Enterprise Cooperation via Spin-Off Companies Network (UNISON)”.

Identifying the Determinants of Innovation Capability With Machine Learning and Patents

Innovation capability (IC) is a fundamental firms’ strategic asset to sustain competitive advantage. In this article, relying on patent data, patents forward citations are used as proxy of IC and the main patents numerical and categorical variables are considered as proxy of IC determinants. The main purpose of this article is to understand which patents features are relevant to predict IC, i.e., which are the determinants of IC within patents. Three different algorithms of machine learning, widely applied to model real-world phenomena, regularized least squares, deep neural networks, and random forest are applied for this investigation. Results show that the most important patent features useful to predict IC refer to internal determinants, such as the technological scope of the company (technological domains and International Patent Classification classes), the backward citations, and technical concepts. Some external variables are also relevant, such as the family size, a time-related variable, and the timespan between the youngest and oldest patent of the family. Implications from this article concern two perspectives. From a methodological perspective, the study shows the usefulness of machine learning approaches in simplifying the decision-making process as they reduce the number of variables to be considered to investigate the company’s IC and they provide accurate and easily interpretable result. From a managerial standpoint, this article points out the few and relevant patent variables to be considered when dealing with patents and IC.

Low Carbon Innovation: The Construction of Green Patent Pools in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

In view of the features of technology transfer and patent licensing of low carbon technologies, it is necessary to explore a new green patent system, focusing on solving the problems of excessive licensing fees and complicated implementation conditions. Based on the analysis of the industrial foundation and technical reserves of low carbon industry in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, this paper proposes a concept of constructing green patent pools in the region. First, to construct enterprise-shared green patent pools, break through the traditional competition pattern by sharing innovative technologies, and promote the overall development of low carbon industry. Second, to construct public green patent pools, which are funded by government totally or partially, promote the innovation and application of low carbon technologies, and promote to take the road of low-carbon development in the Greater Bay Area.

Eco-Innovation Performance of Slovakia

The aim of the article is to evaluate eco-innovation performance of Slovakia as well as to test the interdependence of the level of patenting of environmental technologies on government budget outlays or appropriations for research and development in the area of environment and energy. In order to test for the interdependence, regression was used. We used the eco-innovation index elaborated by the European Commision to evaluate the eco-innovation performance of Slovakia. The results reveal that the Slovak economy is one of the economies with insufficient eco-innovation performance. However, the regression analysis showed only a slight dependence of the variables surveyed.

Technological innovation and patent transformation in rectal cancer surgery

Surgery for rectal cancer has obtained quick improvement in techniques and concepts in recent years but still has challenging areas. Colorectal surgeons always seek to make operations clearer and easier, so that surgery can be safer and less time-consuming while guaranteeing surgical goals. With this purpose, our team have explored to make innovations in operations for rectal cancer and translate relevant patents from 2009. We summarize our achievements in this article as follows: (1) Reverse Miles operation (perineal operation first then laparoscopic abdominal operation) with two relevant patents-specialized instruments bag for laparoscopic operations (patent number ZL201520442331.0) and accessory spotlight for ultrasound scalpel (patent number ZL20102 0137689.X). (2) Laparoscopic sphincter-saving surgery for low rectal cancer through marker meeting approach with two patents-vacuum rectal drainage tube with functions of irrigation and ventilation (patent number ZL201520374385.8) and sterile sleeve cover of ultrasound scalpel handle (patent number ZL201920648102.2). (3) Laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer and natural orifice specimen extraction. Different methods were designed according to the location of the tumor that classified as 20-40 cm, 10-20 cm and 5-10 cm to anus. Two relevant patents were specialized instruments for natural orifice specimen extraction (patent application number ZL2017101480141) and plastic film sleeve for natural orifice specimen extraction (patent application number ZL 201921169857.0). Reformation of surgical technique and innovation of surgical instruments should be conducted by surgeons with innovative thinking who always seek the way to translate ideas to patents and then real products to promote surgical treatment.

Kasma Iswari: Kontribusi Tokoh Perempuan Minangkabau dalam Bidang Pertanian (1956-2019)

This article is a historical study that discusses the journey of life and experiences of a figure named Kasma Iswari from 1956-2019, she is a female researcher from Indonesia of Minang descent who is a contributor and Agent of change in agriculture. This research is a biographical study with the aim of the research to describe the life journey, roles and experiences of Kasma Iswari as a Minangkabau female figure in agriculture. This research uses the historical method which relies on four steps of activities namely heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. Lots of achievements achieved by Kasma Iswari. Starting from discovering patent technology, becoming an agent of change in building a built village to be independent, then also succeeding in winning national level competitions, to winning individual awards as outstanding researchers at the national level. His most recent discovery was a health drink obtained from mangosteen rind extract with benefits as an anti-cancer agent. The discovery was patented in 2011, and has also been licensed to PT. Zena Sentosa Nirmala with the name of the product "GARCIA" which produces in Bogor. In conclusion, Kasma Iswari is a Minangkabau female figure in agriculture who acts as a contributor and Agent of change. He devoted half of his life to educating farmers, and bringing prosperity to humanity.

The citation impact of social sciences and humanities upon patentable technology

This paper examines the citation impact of papers published in scientific-scholarly journals upon patentable technology, as reflected in examiner- or inventor-given references in granted patents. It analyses data created by SCImago Research Group, linking PATSTAT’s scientific non-patent references (SNPRs) to source documents indexed in Scopus. The frequency of patent citations to journal papers is calculated per discipline, year, institutional sector, journal subject category, and for “top” journals. PATSTAT/Scopus-based statistics are compared to those derived from Web of Science/USPTO linkage. A detailed assessment is presented of the technological impact of research publications in social sciences and humanities (SSH). Several subject fields perform well in terms of the number of citations from patents, especially Library and Information Science, Language and Linguistics, Education, and Law, but many of the most cited journals find themselves in the interface between SSH and biomedical or natural sciences. Analyses of the titles of citing patents and cited papers are presented that shed light upon the cognitive content of patent citations. It is proposed to develop more advanced indicators of citation impact of papers upon patents, and ways to combine citation counts with citation content and context analysis.

Decomposition analysis of patenting in renewable energy technologies: From an extended LMDI approach perspective based on three Five-Year Plan periods in China

Renewable energy technological innovation is greatly influenced by renewable energy markets and policies. In this regard, the paper decomposes nine influencing factors of patents of a specific renewable energy technology using the extended logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method from 2001 to 2015. The differences in a specific renewable energy technological innovation and development during the three Five-Year Plan periods is prioritized at the national level. The contribution of the increase in patents of renewable energy technologies mainly lies in the patents of solar energy technology and wind energy technology, but during the 12th Five-year Plan period, the increments of their patent counts significantly decline. Due to priority given to the development of innovation in a specific renewable energy technology, the improvement in the efficiency of R&D spending, the increases in the share of R&D spending and the share of renewable energy, low carbon economy concept advocacy and carbon scale expansion, the patent counts of a specific renewable energy technology will increase. Additionally, the factors affecting innovation in a specific renewable energy technology at the different economic development levels, as well as different resource distribution levels are investigated.

Patents for NLP Software: An Empirical Review

Natural language processing (NLP) patents are one of the fastest growing niche segments in the technology patent marketplace. NLP technologies power the latest in Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications. For example, NLP technology supports Apple’s Siri, Amazon’s Alexa, and Facebook’s friend recommendation system. Yet, while the literature on software patents is visibly scaling – the literature specifically focused on NLP patents is non-existent. This Article draws on a growing body of computational linguistics, intellectual property, and technology law scholarship to provide novel NLP patent analysis and critique. Further, this Article contributes the first empirical NLP patent review, including novel software descriptions, market modeling, and legal analysis relating to patent claims. First, this Article discusses the two main technical approaches to developing NLP software. Second, this Article models an evolving NLP patent dataset, offering economic insights, legal claims analysis, and patent valuation strategies.

How mixed ownership affects decision making in turbulent times: Evidence from the digital revolution in telecommunications

This study examines how the ownership structure of corporations shapes their responses to discontinuous technological change. We analyze whether mixed ownership, a situation where following privatization a company's shares are held both privately and by the government, is associated with less innovation in response to discontinuous technological change. We argue that mixed ownership is associated with governance conflicts that affect a company's ability to respond to the challenges posed by discontinuous technological change. Our empirical analysis uses data on European telecommunications operators for the period 2000–2016 when they faced sweeping technological change due to the advent of Internet-based communication services. Our baseline result suggests that operators with mixed ownership file around 70% fewer patents in relevant digital technologies than companies that are fully private or where the government owns a majority of shares. We find that mixed ownership also affects negatively the acquisition of externally developed technology.

Enterprise Patent Control Ability (Concept, Attribute and Evaluation)

To explore and construct the theoretical system of research on the control ability of enterprise patent. [Method/process] Using the method of Literature research and survey, from the three dimensions of enterprise patent control technology, product and market to define the concept of enterprise patent control ability and set up the evaluation index system, analysis of the attributes of patent control ability of enterprise. Including dynamics, relativity, value and interest of two sides [Result/conclusion] the research results shows that the patent control ability of enterprise is to control core technologies through patent creation, application, protection, management and other activities, so as to control the supply and demand of specific products, ultimately affect and control specific competitors in specific regions, control industrial competition pattern and occupy the high end of the industrial value chain. Enterprise patent control ability is an important scale to evaluate the realistic status of enterprise and an important tool to predict the development trend of enterprise and industries. Keywords: Patent technology, Patent products, Patent market. DOI: 10.7176/JESD/11-8-08 Publication date: April 30 th 2020