Rapid Detection Technology Research Articles

Simultaneous detection of seven bacterial pathogens transmitted by flies using the reverse line blot hybridization assay

BackgroundTraditional methods for detecting insect-borne bacterial pathogens are time-consuming and require specialized laboratory facilities, limiting their applicability in areas without access to such resources. Consequently, rapid and efficient detection methods for insect-borne bacterial diseases have become a pressing need in disease prevention and control.MethodsWe aligned the ribosomal 16S rRNA sequences of seven bacterial species (Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flexneri, Aeromonas caviae, Vibrio vulnificus, Salmonella enterica, Proteus vulgaris, and Yersinia enterocolitica) by DNASTAR Lasergene software. Using DNASTAR Lasergene and Primer Premier software, we designed universal primers RLB-F and RLB-R, two species-specific probes for each pathogen, and a universal probe (catch-all). The PCR products of seven standard strains were hybridized with specific oligonucleotide probes fixed on the membrane for specific experimental procedures. To evaluate the sensitivity of PCR-RLB, genomic DNA was serially diluted from an initial copy number of 1010 to 100 copies/μl in distilled water. These dilutions were utilized as templates for the PCR-RLB sensitivity analysis. Simultaneous detection of seven fly-borne bacterial pathogens from field samples by the established PCR-RLB method was conducted on a total of 1060 houseflies, collected from various environments in Lanzhou, China.ResultsThe established PCR-RLB assay is capable of detecting bacterial strains of about 103 copies/μl for S. aureus, 103 copies/μl for S. flexneri, 105 copies/μl for A. caviae, 105 copies/μl for V. vulnificus, 100 copies/μl for S. enterica, 105 copies/μl for P. vulgaris, and 100 copies/μl for Y. enterocolitica. The results demonstrate that the detection rate of the established PCR-RLB method is higher (approximately 100 times) compared to conventional PCR. This method was applied to assess the bacterial carrier status of flies in various environments in Lanzhou, China. Among the seven bacterial pathogens carried by flies, S. enterica (34.57%), S. flexneri (32.1%), and Y. enterocolitica (20.37%) were found to be the predominant species.ConclusionsOverall, this research shows that the rapid and efficient PCR-RLB detection technology could be a useful for surveillance and therefore effective prevention and control the spread of insect-borne diseases. Meanwhile, the experimental results indicate that urban sanitation and vector transmission sources are important influencing factors for pathogen transmission.Graphical

Development of a rapid detection method for the macrolide resistance gene in Mycobacterium avium using the amplification refractory mutation system-loop-mediated isothermal amplification method.

Macrolide antibiotics such as clarithromycin (CLR) and azithromycin are the key drugs used in multidrug therapy for Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) diseases. For these antibacterial drugs, drug susceptibility has been correlated with clinical response in MAC diseases. We have previously demonstrated the correlation between drug susceptibility and mutations in the 23S rRNA gene, which confers resistance to macrolides. Herein, we developed a rapid detection method using the amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS)-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique to identify mutations in the 23S rRNA gene of M. avium. We examined the applicability of the ARMS-LAMP method to genomic DNA extracted from six genotypes of M. avium clinical isolates. The M. avium isolates were classified into 21 CLR-resistant and 9 CLR-susceptible strains based on the results of drug susceptibility tests; the 23S rRNA genes of these strains were sequenced and analyzed using the ARMS-LAMP method. Sequence analysis revealed that the 9 CLR-sensitive strains were wild-type strains, whereas the 21 CLR-resistant strains comprised 20 mutant-type strains and one wild-type strain. Using ARMS-LAMP, no amplification from genomic DNAs of the 10 wild-type strains was observed using the mutant-type mismatch primer sets (MTPSs); however, amplification from the 20 mutant-type strain DNAs was observed using the MTPSs. The rapid detection method developed by us integrates ARMS-LAMP with a real-time turbidimeter, which can help determine drug resistance in a few hours. In conclusion, ARMS-LAMP might be a new clinically beneficial technology for rapid detection of mutations.IMPORTANCEMultidrug therapy for pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex disease is centered on the macrolide antibiotics clarithromycin and azithromycin, and resistance to macrolides is an important prognosticator for clinical aggravation. Therefore, it is important to develop a quick and easy method for detecting resistance to macrolides. Drug resistance is known to be correlated with mutations in macrolide resistance genes. We developed a rapid detection method using amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS)-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) to identify a mutation in the 23S rRNA gene, which is a macrolide resistance gene. Furthermore, we examined the applicability of this method using M. avium clinical isolates. The rapid method developed by us for detection of the macrolide resistance gene by integrating ARMS-LAMP and a real-time turbidimeter can help in detection of drug resistance within a few hours. Since this method does not require expensive equipment or special techniques and shows high analytical speed, it would be very useful in clinical practice.

Development of a rapid visual detection technology for BmNPV based on CRISPR/Cas13a system

Pathogenic microorganism of silkworm are important factors that threaten the high-quality development of sericulture. Among them, Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) caused diseases often lead to frequent outbreaks and high mortality, resulting in huge losses to sericultural industry. Current molecular detection methods for BmNPV require expensive equipment and sikilled technical personnel. As a result, the most commonly detection method for silkworm egg production enterprises involves observing the presence of polyhedra under a microscope. However, this method has low accuracy and sensitivity. There is an urgent need to develop a new detection technology with high sensitivity, high specificity, and applicability for silkworm farms, silkworm egg production enterprises and quarantine departments. In this study, we successfully established the CRISPR/Cas13a BmNPV visualized detection technology by combining Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) technology and CRISPR/Cas13a system. This technology is based on microplate lateral, flow test strips and portable fluorescence detector. The detection sensitivity can reach up to 1 copies/μL for positive standard plasmid and 1 fg/μL for BmNPV genome in 30–45 min, demonstrating high sensitivity. By detecting silkworm tissues infected with different pathogens, we determined that CRISPR/Cas13a detection technology has good specificity. In summary, the newly established nucleic acid detection technology for BmNPV is characterized by high sensitivity, high specificity, low cost and convenience for visualization. It can be applied in field detection and silkworm egg quality monitory system.

Current Research Status of Azaspiracids.

The presence and impact of toxins have been detected in various regions worldwide ever since the discovery of azaspiracids (AZAs) in 1995. These toxins have had detrimental effects on marine resource utilization, marine environmental protection, and fishery production. Over the course of more than two decades of research and development, scientists from all over the world have conducted comprehensive studies on the in vivo metabolism, in vitro synthesis methods, pathogenic mechanisms, and toxicology of these toxins. This paper aims to provide a systematic introduction to the discovery, distribution, pathogenic mechanism, in vivo biosynthesis, and in vitro artificial synthesis of AZA toxins. Additionally, it will summarize various detection methods employed over the past 20 years, along with their advantages and disadvantages. This effort will contribute to the future development of rapid detection technologies and the invention of detection devices for AZAs in marine environmental samples.

Diagnostic performance of cross-priming amplification-based lateral flow assay (CPA-LFA) and real-time PCR for koi herpesvirus (KHV) detection

Epizootics of Koi herpesvirus (KHV) cause mass mortality in koi carp (Cyprinus rubrofuscus) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) worldwide. Rapid and accurate virus detection technology is crucial for preventing pathogen spread and minimizing damage. Although several diagnostic assays have been developed for KHV, the analytical and diagnostic performance of the detection methods has not been evaluated. In this study, we developed and validated the diagnostic performance of two molecular diagnostic assays, cross-priming amplification-based lateral flow assay (CPA-LFA) and TaqMan probe-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To detect KHV, primers and probe were designed based on the thymidine kinase (TK) genes. The detection limits of developed CPA-LFA and real-time PCR assays were determined to be 675.69 copies/μL and 8.384 copies/μL, respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the developed assay were determined using fish samples (n = 179). CPA-LFA was found to be 93.67% and 100%, respectively, and real-time PCR was found to be 100% and 100%, respectively. Therefore, the newly developed CPA-LFA and real-time PCR assays accurately and rapidly detect KHV. CPA-LFA is particularly suitable for point-of-care diagnosis because of its simple diagnostic process, and real-time PCR analysis is most suitable for precise diagnosis because it can detect low viral loads.

Synergetic Effect of β-Cyclodextrin and CuO Nanocomposite for Ultrasensitive Determination of Chloramphenicol in Food

Chloramphenicol (CAP), a broad-spectrum antibiotic, has severely impacted human health and the ecological environment, which brings an increasing demand for an efficient monitoring technology for rapid and sensitive antibiotic residue detection. Herein, a highly sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor was developed for detecting CAP, based on the synergistic effect of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and CuO-nanomaterials modifying glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) spectrometry were used for morphological characterization. β-CD/CuO/GCE sensor with high-specific surface area and cavity structure was prepared by modifying GCE for further electrochemical testing. Experimental parameters were optimized using square wave stripping voltammetry. The developed sensor obtains an ultra-wide linear range from 1.0 × 10−7 mol l−1 to 5.0 × 10−4 mol l−1and the limit of detection is 0.5 × 10−7 mol l−1. The sensor displays high sensitivity, remarkable stability, and reproducibility; particularly more convenient than the Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) verification method. Furthermore, the applicability of the developed β-CD/CuO/GCE sensor was demonstrated by detecting CAP in food samples.

Mitochondrial genome provides species-specific targets for the rapid detection of early invasive populations of Hylurgus ligniperda in China

BackgroundHylurgus ligniperda, a major international forestry quarantine pest, was recently found to have invaded and posed a serious threat to the Pinus forests of the Jiaodong Peninsula in China. Continuous monitoring and vigilance of the early population is imperative, and rapid molecular detection technology is urgently needed. We focused on developing a single-gene-based species-specific PCR (SS-PCR) method.ResultsWe sequenced and assembled the mitochondrial genome of H. ligniperda to identify suitable target genes. We identified three closely related species for detecting the specificity of SS-PCR through phylogenetic analysis based on 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs). Subsequently, we analyzed the evolution of 13 PCGs and selected four mitochondrial genes to represent slow-evolving gene (COI) and faster-evolving genes (e.g. ND2, ND4, and ND5), respectively. We developed four species-specific primers targeting COI, ND2, ND4, and ND5 to rapidly identify H. ligniperda. The results showed that the four species-specific primers exhibited excellent specificity and sensitivity in the PCR assays, with consistent performance across a broader range of species. This method demonstrates the ability to identify beetles promptly, even during their larval stage. The entire detection process can be completed within 2–3 h.ConclusionsThis method is suitable for large-scale species detection in laboratory settings. Moreover, the selection of target genes in the SS-PCR method is not affected by the evolutionary rate. SS-PCR can be widely implemented at port and forestry workstations, significantly enhancing early management strategies and quarantine measures against H. ligniperda. This approach will help prevent the spread of the pest and effectively preserve the resources of Chinese pine forests.

Multi-signal sensor array based on a fluorescent nanozyme for broad-spectrum screening of pesticides

Accurate identification of broad-spectrum pesticides remains a challenge for existing rapid detection technologies based on natural cholinesterase. Sensor arrays show excellent promise, but typically rely on increasing receptors to improve sensing dimensionality, which is both cumbersome and imprecise. In this work, inspired by the multiple properties of a fluorescent nanozyme, we constructed a facile and simple sensor array based on the laccase-like activity, peroxidase-like activity, and fluorescent feature of one nanozyme (Cu-BDC-NH2). In the presence of pesticides, they produced differential positive responses and could be captured by linear discriminant analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis. Thus, different pesticides belonged to organophosphates, carbamates, organochlorines, pyrethroids, sulfonylureas, and diphenyloxazolines, respectively, have been successfully discriminated at 1 – 100 μg/mL. The differentiation of cross-contamination at different concentrations and compositions further validated the sensing performance. More importantly, they demonstrated strong immunity to interference as well as high feasibility for recognizing pesticides in fruits and vegetables, and performed precise identification for blind samples. Therefore, the sensor arrays provided a novel and reliable solution for broad-spectrum pesticide screening, which not only bridged the gap of existing rapid detection methods, but also opened up a new way for food safety regulation.

Development of simple and effective poly methyl orange modified pencil graphite electrode for the voltammentric investigation of aminotriazole in presence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

The growing health risks linked to environmental exposure to mutagenic, teratogenic, and carcinogenic herbicides have sparked a significant interest in developing rapid and cost-effective detection technologies for accurate quantification of these compounds. Therefore, current research concerns a selective and sensitive electrochemical determination of Aminotriazole (AMT) using an inexpensive modified polymerized methyl orange pencil graphite electrode (PMO/PGE). The PMO/PGE and bare pencil graphite electrode (BPGE) have been characterized through various analytical techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The electro-oxidation behavior of AMT was investigated by utilizing various methodologies including cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS) of pH 7.0. AMT exhibits a significant increase in anodic peak current of 7.15 µA at PMO/PGE compared to BPGE. The effect of electro-kinetic factors involved in the electro-oxidation of AMT, such as the heterogeneous rate constant, scan rate, surface concentration, pH and the number of electrons and protons transferred were resolved. The electro-oxidation reaction involves two protons and two electrons, according to the electrochemical analysis of AMT at PMO/PGE. The number of electrons involved in a redox reaction is often determined experimentally, and it is a key parameter in understanding the reaction mechanism. Under the investigational conditions, the anodic peak current of the analyte is directly proportional to its concentration in the range 1.0 – 13.0 µM with the limit of detection (LOD) being 1.24 × 10−8 M. The developed modifiedsensor has got good reproducibility, sensitivity, selectivity and stability, and it could be successfully validated for the detection of AMT present in real samples.

A CRISPR/Cas13a-powered catalytic hairpin assembly evanescent wave fluorescence biosensor for target amplification-free SARS-CoV-2 detection

The end of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic still drives the development of rapid and accurate detection technology to prepare for diverse viral infections and emerging pandemics in the future. Herein, a CRISPR/Cas13a-powered catalytic hairpin assembly evanescent wave fluorescence biosensor (CAPABLE) was developed for amplification-free detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). With the ingenious design of trigger, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 activated the trans-cleavage activity of Cas13a, followed by the initiation of a catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) system that exhibited excellent signal amplification efficiency. By integrating the biotin-avidin system, the detection sensitivity of the portable fluorescence platform was greatly improved. Quantitative SARS-CoV-2 detection was realized with a detection limit of 18.6 copies/μL within 50 min based on a fast extraction method. The proposed method exhibited a 100% positive detection rate for environmental water samples spiked with SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus, which was consistent with standard RTqPCR results. Benefiting from amplification-free performance, the CAPABLE method holds great promise for rapid SARS-CoV-2 detection in field laboratories and primary facilities in resource-limited areas. With the inherent flexibility of the CRISPR/Cas system, the proposed method has the potential to be applied in the diagnosis of various infectious diseases.

Low-Cost Biosensor Technologies for Rapid Detection of COVID-19 and Future Pandemics.

Many systems have been designed for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, which is the virus that causes COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 is readily transmitted, resulting in the rapid spread of disease in human populations. Frequent testing at the point of care (POC) is a key aspect for controlling outbreaks caused by SARS-CoV-2 and other emerging pathogens, as the early identification of infected individuals can then be followed by appropriate measures of isolation or treatment, maximizing the chances of recovery and preventing infectious spread. Diagnostic tools used for high-frequency testing should be inexpensive, provide a rapid diagnostic response without sophisticated equipment, and be amenable to manufacturing on a large scale. The application of these devices should enable large-scale data collection, help control viral transmission, and prevent disease propagation. Here we review functional nanomaterial-based optical and electrochemical biosensors for accessible POC testing for COVID-19. These biosensors incorporate nanomaterials coupled with paper-based analytical devices and other inexpensive substrates, traditional lateral flow technology (antigen and antibody immunoassays), and innovative biosensing methods. We critically discuss the advantages and disadvantages of nanobiosensor-based approaches compared to widely used technologies such as PCR, ELISA, and LAMP. Moreover, we delineate the main technological, (bio)chemical, translational, and regulatory challenges associated with developing functional and reliable biosensors, which have prevented their translation into the clinic. Finally, we highlight how nanobiosensors, given their unique advantages over existing diagnostic tests, may help in future pandemics.

Resilient sustainable current and emerging technologies for foodborne pathogen detection.

Foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli and Listeria pose significant risks to human health. The World Health Organization estimates that 2.2 million deaths per year are directly caused by foodborne and waterborne bacterial diseases worldwide. Accordingly, detecting pathogens in food is essential to ensure that our food is safe. This review explores the critical role of novel technologies in enhancing food safety practices whilst delving into adopting and integrating innovative, resilient and sustainable approaches in the food supply chain. Further, applying novel, emerging advanced analytical techniques such as Raman spectroscopy and nanotechnology based biosensors in food contamination detection is discussed. These advanced technologies show the promise of real-time monitoring, traceability, and predictive analytics to identify and mitigate potential hazards before they reach consumers. They can provide rapid and accurate results and ensure the integrity of food products. Furthermore, the herein-highlighted synergistic integration of these technologies offers a promising path toward a safer and more transparent food system, thereby addressing the challenges of today's globalised food market and laying the platform for developing multimodal technologies for affordable, sensitive and rapid pathogen detection along the different stages of the food chain, from "farm to fork".

A nanoparticle-assisted signal-enhancement technique for lateral flow immunoassays.

Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), an affordable and rapid paper-based detection technology, is employed extensively in clinical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and food safety analysis. The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the validity and adoption of LFIA in performing large-scale clinical and public health testing. The unprecedented demand for prompt diagnostic responses and advances in nanotechnology have fueled the rise of next-generation LFIA technologies. The utilization of nanoparticles to amplify signals represents an innovative approach aimed at augmenting LFIA sensitivity. This review probes the nanoparticle-assisted amplification strategies in LFIA applications to secure low detection limits and expedited response rates. Emphasis is placed on comprehending the correlation between the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles and LFIA performance. Lastly, we shed light on the challenges and opportunities in this prolific field.

Application of rapid detection technology in food heavy metals

Application of rapid detection technology in food heavy metals

Research on non-destructive and rapid detection technology of foxtail millet moisture content based on capacitance method and Logistic-SSA-ELM modelling.

Moisture content testing of agricultural products is critical for quality control, processing efficiency and storage management. Testing foxtail millet moisture content ensures stable foxtail millet quality and helps farmers determine the best time to harvest. A differential capacitance moisture content detection device was designed based on STM32 and PCAP01 capacitance digital converter chip. The capacitance method combined with the back-propagation(BP) algorithm and the extreme learning machine(ELM) algorithm was chosen to construct an analytical model for foxtail millet moisture content, temperature, and volume duty cycle. This work performs capacitance measurements on foxtail millet with different moisture contents, temperatures, and proportions of the measured substance occupying the detection area (that is, the volumetric duty cycle). On this foundation, the sparrow search algorithm (SSA) is used to optimize the BP and ELM models. However, SSA may encounter problems such as falling into local optimization solutions due to the reduction of population diversity in the late iterations. As a consequence, Logistic algorithm is introduced to optimize SSA, making it more appropriate for solving specific problems. Upon comparative analysis, the model predicted using the Logistic-SSA-ELM algorithm was more accurate. The results indicate that the predicted values of prediction set coefficient of determination (RP), prediction set root mean square error (RMSEP) and prediction set ratio performance deviation (RPDP) were 0.7016, 3.7150 and 1.4035, respectively. This algorithm has excellent prediction performance and can be used as a model for detection of foxtail millet moisture content. In view of the important role of foxtail millet moisture content detection in acquisition and storage, it is particularly important to study a nondestructive and fast online real-time detection method. The designed capacitive sensor with differential structure has well stabilization and high accuracy, which can be further studied in depth and gradually move towards the general trend of agricultural development of smart agriculture and precision agriculture.

Current state of advancements in rapid detection technology for pathogenic bacteria in food

Current state of advancements in rapid detection technology for pathogenic bacteria in food

Engineering of novel hemagglutinin biosensors for rapid detection and drug screening of Influenza A H7N9 virus

New pathogenic influenza virus strains are constantly emerging, posing a serious risk to both human health and economic growth. To effectively control the spread of this virus, there is an urgent need for early, rapid, sensitive, simple, and cost-effective detection technologies, as well as new and effective antiviral drugs. In this study, we have successfully achieved a significant milestone by successfully fusing the H7N9 influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein with the nano-luciferase component, resulting in the development of a novel set of biosensors. This remarkable achievement marks the first instance of utilizing this biosensor technology for influenza antibody detection. Our biosensor technology also has the potential to facilitate the development of antiviral drugs targeting specific epitopes of the HA protein, providing a promising avenue for the treatment of H7N9 influenza virus infections. Furthermore, our biosensors have broad applications beyond H7N9 influenza virus detection, as they can be expanded for the detection of other pathogens and drug screening applications in the future. By providing a novel and effective solution to the detection and treatment of influenza viruses, our biosensors have the potential to revolutionize the field of infectious disease control.

Guanidinium-Functionalized Polymer Dielectrics for Triboelectric Bacterial Detection.

Development of rapid detection strategies that target potentially pathogenic bacteria has gained increasing attention due to the increasing awareness for better health and safety. In this study, we evaluate an intrinsically antimicrobial polymer, 2Gdm, which is a poly(norbornene)-based functional polymer featuring guanidinium groups as side chains, for bacterial detection by the means of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) and triboelectric nanosensors (TENSs). Attachment of bacteria to the sensing layer is anticipated to alter the overall triboelectric properties of the underlying polymer layer. The positively charged guanidinium functional groups can interact with the negatively charged phospholipid bilayer of bacteria and lead to bacterial death, which can then be detected by optical microscopy, X-ray photoelectron microscopy, and more advanced self-powered sensing techniques such as TENGs and TENSs. The double bonds present along the poly(norbornene) backbone allow for thermally induced cross-linking to obtain X-2Gdm and thus rendering materials remain stable in water. By monitoring the change in voltage output after immersion in various concentrations of Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Gram-positive Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae), we have demonstrated the utility of X-2Gdm as a new polymer dielectric for autonomous bacterial detection. As the bacterial concentration increases, the amount of adsorbed bacteria also increases, resulting in a decrease in the surface potential of the X-2Gdm thin film; this reduction in surface potential can cause a decrease in the triboelectric output for both TENGs and TENSs, which serves as a key working mechanism for facile bacterial detection. TENG and TENS systems are capable of detecting E. coli and S. pneumoniae within a range of 4 × 105 to 4 × 108 CFU/mL with a limit of detection of 106 CFU/mL. This report highlights the promising prospects of employing TENGs and TENSs as innovative sensing technologies for rapid bacterial detection by leveraging the electrostatic interactions between bacterial cell membranes and cationic groups present on polymer surfaces.

Analyzing sulfur cycle process in natural lakes based on the combination of sulfur-producing genes and fluorescence technology

Detecting sulfoxide in sediment and water is an essential channel in understanding redox processes and maintaining water quality. Therefore, the creation of quick and efficient sulfoxide detection techniques is crucial to comprehending the ecotoxicity of sulfoxides. However, sulfur oxides were mainly detected in a pure water system, which greatly limited their potential practical applications. Difficulties related to selecting a detection system are a common bottleneck for applications. Herein, a brand-new fluorescent probe called BZ-QL was designed. This probe emits different fluorescence intensities in the sediment and water samples from a natural lake (China's Dianchi Lake). For the first time, the detection of sulfoxide in natural lake was realized on the basis of the correlation of the gene abundance of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) with fluorescence intensities. Results indicated a significant negative correlation between the fluorescence intensities of BZ-QL and the abundance of dsrA for the water samples (R2 = 0.35, P < 0.01) and sediments (R2 = 0.16, P < 0.05). The combination of fluorescence intensities and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) of SRB could provide unique techniques for detecting sulfur oxides in water samples. Compared with other sulfur dioxide fluorescent probes, the fluorescence detection method in this study introduces the parameter of gene abundance, and applies the probe technology to detect sulfur oxides in natural lakes. In the future, this simple and rapid detection technology could be converted into kits for promotion. In addition, other compounds could be detected by changing the recognition site of the probe.

Application of plasma SARS-CoV-2 quantitative antigen detection in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19

The corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2), has created an urgent need of scientific and effective biomarkers for the purpose of prevention and control. Currently, commonly employed viral nucleic acids, antibodies, and rapid antigen test detection technologies all exhibit a range of limitations, including restricted applicability, inadequate sensitivity and specificity. Plasma SARS-CoV-2 quantitative antigen, as an emerging biomarker, has garnered significant attention due to its potential clinical value in the diagnosis and management of COVID-19. This article comprehensively analyzes the principles and clinical applications of quantitative detection technology for plasma SARS-CoV-2 antigen. Additionally, it explores the challenges encountered in this field and provides insights into future prospects.