Data Transfer Technology Research Articles

Wireless Power and Data Transfer Technologies for Flexible Bionic and Bioelectronic Interfaces: Materials and Applications

Wireless Power and Data Transfer Technologies for Flexible Bionic and Bioelectronic Interfaces: Materials and Applications

Simulation of ultrasonic shear effect on the viscoelastic soft scale of heat exchangers

The shear effect on the viscoelastic soft scale of heat exchangers is simulated in this study, focusing on a chemical company’s heat exchanger and the associated fouling on its inner tube shell wall. The finite element software ABAQUS simulates the ultrasonic descaling process, incorporating viscoelastic soft scale materials into the calculations through software fitting functions. Based on ABAQUS data transfer technology, the model was first subjected to implicit static analysis, followed by explicit kinetic analysis containing pre-stress. The vibration propagation of ultrasonic waves on the heat exchanger model was simulated under different working conditions. Distribution of shear stresses of the fouling on different paths of the pipeline wall was obtained, and the results revealed the influence of different parameters of the ultrasonic waves on the shear descaling effect, which provides a reference for selecting appropriate parameters to improve the efficiency of ultrasonic descaling.

Legal Regulation in the Field of Cybersecurity of Intelligent Transport (Foreign Experience)

Abstract: At present, intelligent transport is a critical part of the modernization of the transport industry around the world. An intelligent transport system combines information technology, electronic technology, data transfer technology and system engineering technology to realize intellectual features, coordinate the elements of traffic system and create an integrated management system for transport, therefore making it a subject of critical information infrastructure. In this regard, data security and its protection from cyber attacks becomes a prerequisite for ensuring reliable and efficient operation of transport systems. In fact, with the development of new energy vehicles and intelligent connected vehicles, in addition to protecting user privacy data, the security of the entire complex of smart transportation data becomes extremely important for the automotive industry, since the security concerns of their networks and data are already closely related to public safety. In this regard, many countries recognize the need for security regulations governing intelligent transport systems. The People's Republic of China is no exception in this sense. Within the country, the security system for the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is based on regulations at various levels, which are constantly being improved as intelligent transport system develops.

2F-Authsys: A hyperlocal two-factor authentication system using Near Sound Data Transfer

Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) is a new buzzword in the Information Security world. Big companies that used passwords as an authentication mechanism now have started transitioning to 2FA. One form of two factor authentication is known as One-Time Password (OTP). In today’s time, there is a lack of a secure multi-factor authentication platform which is also user friendly. In all the major 2FA platforms that exist today, the user has to manually enter the OTP from their phone or email. This problem is further amplified by delays in transmission of OTP via email or SMS. There has also been an increase in the number of botnets that scan large networks and try to an open and vulnerable ports on cloud hosting networks. An easy-to-use port security solution is not available. This research work aims to create a secure, proof-of-concept implementation of a modern and opinionated two factor authentication system based on Near Sound Data Transfer (NSDT) technology enabling contactless secure transmission of Time-Based One-Time Password (TOTP).

AN ANALYSIS OF THE HETEROGENEOUS IOT DEVICE NETWORK INTERACTION IN A CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEM

The article is devoted to the study of existing technologies regarding Internet of Things (IoT) device interaction in a heterogeneous network. Since each smart home appliance can be controlled by a customer who aims to find a cost-effective and easy-to-connect product for their own connected home, there are certain functional limitations for devices from distinct manufacturers that may decrease the intention to merge them all into a single network. A variety of proprietary protocols and communication standards embedded by vendors make their products unable to interact with other vendor devices if the connection standard used is not identical. Also, an IoT product design refers to its own functionality, mainly excluding the possibility of integration into other existing infrastructure. As IoT equipment emerges on the market, the complexity of its connection to a heterogeneous network corresponds to the firmware and the standard unification according to modern demands. It means that potential users might face the necessity of overcoming these issues to achieve high performance in terms of network interoperability. In general, an IoT gateway operating as a middleware might have the potential to enable a network with distinct communication models to operate without failure or data loss. This task requires the received data to be converted into the format in which the data is intended. This paper includes a comparative analysis of existing IoT device interaction standards, connection protocols, and data transfer technologies, evaluating their features for an effective adoption of the proposed network architecture, which can be used to improve the interoperability of heterogeneous IoT devices.

Pulse Synchronization Scheme for Undersea BWPT System Based on Simultaneous Wireless Power and Data Transfer Technology

Pulse Synchronization Scheme for Undersea BWPT System Based on Simultaneous Wireless Power and Data Transfer Technology

A Systematic Review on Cybersecurity Threats and Challenges in Hospitals

The inception of cybercrime can be traced back to the late 1970s, a period that coincided with the early development of the computer information technology (IT) sector. Due to its system vulnerabilities, healthcare has become particularly vulnerable to digital assaults. Hardware, software, networks, operating systems, medical devices, processes, and users make this sector vulnerable. This report identifies healthcare cybersecurity issues and solutions and opportunities for improvement in response to rising threats. This review’s methodology was organised so that it complies to PRISMA criteria. A thorough search was undertaken in Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, Saudi Digital Library, ACM Digital Library, PMC, and NCBI/PubMed. The search strategy included threats, ransomware, cybercrime, healthcare, and hospitals. The above overview of “cybersecurity” includes technological and organisational measures. Healthcare organisations cybersecurity defence concerns were the focus of the research questions. The search technique targeted relevant literature from bibliographic databases to answer these research concerns. A total of 352 potential entries were obtained from the search in the chosen databases. Of these, 13 were manually picked following preliminary assessment. The study examined these studies, which fit its focus on “cybersecurity, dangers, and challenges,” in detail. Data confidentiality, integrity, and availability are the foundation of information security. The study examined cyberthreats and their cascade effects. The growing usage of varied technologies for sensitive patient data transfer makes it difficult for healthcare organisations to stay up with the newest cybersecurity breaches and threats. A cohesive and integrated strategy involving training programmes, awareness campaigns, and cyberattack information sharing is advocated to protect healthcare organisations from cyberattacks. To protect our infrastructure and provide excellent patient care, all healthcare workers must recognise and accept their role in cybersecurity risk management.

A Simultaneous Power and Data Transfer Technology Using Dual-Resonance-Band Circuits for Domino-Resonator WPT Systems

The integrated transmission of power and data is a promising technology in various wireless power transfer (WPT) application scenarios. In this work, a novel simultaneous power and data transfer (SPDT) technology for domino-resonator WPT systems is proposed. The frequency shift keying (FSK) power modulation method is adopted in dual-resonance-band circuits to maintain high system transfer efficiency at two different frequencies. Considering the cross-coupling between nonadjacent resonators, the system operating frequencies shift slightly away from the circuit resonant frequencies, and the same constant output voltage (CV) characteristics can be always guaranteed with different data sequences. Subsequently, a compact coil structure is developed to accommodate the tight space constraint inside the insulator. Finally, aiming at the 35-kV suspension composite insulator with five embedded domino resonators, a 15W experimental prototype is built to realize simultaneous power and data transfer and constant voltage output. The experimental results show that the fluctuation of output voltage is less than 5%, and the overall system transfer efficiency is higher than 75%.

A systematic review of data fusion techniques for optimized structural health monitoring

Advancements in structural health monitoring (SHM) techniques have spiked in the past few decades due to the rapid evolution of novel sensing and data transfer technologies. This development has facilitated the simultaneous recording of a wide range of data, which could contain abundant damage-related features. Concurrently, the age of omnipresent data started with massive amounts of SHM data collected from large-size heterogeneous sensor networks. The abundance of information from diverse sources needs to be aggregated to enable robust decision-making strategies. Data fusion is the process of integrating various data from heterogeneous sources to produce more useful, accurate, and reliable information about system behavior. This paper reviews recent developments in data fusion techniques applied to SHM systems. The theoretical concepts, applications, benefits, and limitations of current methods and challenges in SHM are presented, and future trends in data fusion methods are discussed. Furthermore, a set of criteria is proposed to evaluate contents and information from original and review papers in this field, and a road map is provided discussing possible future work.

Audio-Conversion of Biomedical Signals - A Possible Approach to Improve Remote Monitoring of Elderly and Visually Impaired People.

Long-term remote patients monitoring implies minimal discomfort and reliability throughout the study period. These requirements are fulfilled by portable (wearable) patient devices, with low consumption, which transmit data wirelessly, at a short distance, to a mobile communication device (GSM) and through it, to a remote end recipient - doctor, medical center or a hospital server. The data transfer technology requires the monitored person to perform a sequence of actions, such as: selecting the appropriate application on the mobile phone, establishing a connection between the patient module and the phone, recording the data in the phone's memory, starting the data transfer from the phone to the final receiver. Practice shows that often this sequence of activities is difficult for elderly people and especially for visually impaired people, which as a result compromises the remote monitoring process. In this paper are presented an approach and conceptual implementation of a system for remote monitoring of cardiac activity, using the most popular way of remote connectivity - voice (sound) communication. In addition to the ease of use, this type of communication does not require special data protection, due to the lack of RF interfaces for short-distance data transmission. The presented results of laboratory studies, as well as conducted tests under medical supervision of patients in a cardiology clinic, confirm the workability of the proposed approach for remote monitoring of patients by audio conversion of the ECG signal.

PROTOTYPE OF FUTURE FLYING TRANSPORT PLATFORM

This paper is devoted to the analysis of the existing eVTOL flying vehicles and consideration of the capabilities of the flight controller based on the STM32F722 microcontroller, as well as the evaluation of the characteristics of various sensors and devices and the study of their capabilities using the BetaFlight firmware. The main result of this work is the development of a prototype (prototype) of the flying transportation platform of the future, for which both hardware and software parts of the flying vehicle system have been developed and tested. Within the framework of the research there was created an interface between the flight controller based on STM32F722 and BetaFlight, worked out all technologies and systems for creating eVTOL-based flight vehicles. Also, comprehensive testing of the prototype system was performed and data transfer technologies were worked out. Functional and circuit diagrams of the prototype were also developed, as well as the simulation of mechanical-physical properties of the aircraft's frame reactions. An important result of this work is experimental research, the results of which show that the force structure is able to withstand the design loads. The results make it possible to improve the design of eVTOL aircraft and create more efficient data transfer systems. The results of the experimental studies show that the force structure is capable of withstanding the design loads.

A Simultaneous Power and Data Transmission Technology Based on Coil Multiplexing in Domino-Resonator WPT Systems

To achieve parallel power and data transmission in domino-resonator wireless power transfer (WPT) systems, a novel simultaneous power, and data transfer (SPDT) technology based on coil multiplexing is proposed in this letter. Benefiting from the magnetic field characteristics of the bipolar coil structure, the power and data can be injected into multiplexed coils with different flow directions, leading to opposite induced voltage polarities in each coupling coil. Subsequently, a corresponding resonator circuit is developed to form independent power and data resonance loops. In addition, an injected data transmission scheme is developed for domino-resonator WPT systems. Compared with traditional SPDT methods, additional wave trappers and coupling structures are avoided by this proposed technology, and the interference between power and data transfer is significantly eliminated. A 23.6 W laboratory prototype with five domino resonators is built to validate the feasibility of this proposed technology. The experimental results show that the power transfer efficiency reaches 70% at 50 kb/s data transfer rate.

Audio Streaming Using Li-FI Communication

In Wireless communication, Wi-Fi is the most versatile and effective technology which compact with radio frequencies for data transmission. But because of multiple accesses, Wi-Fi is facing many challenges namely capacity, availability, efficiency and security. The Wi-Fi emits radio waves which are very harmful to the patients and the radio waves interpret the medical instruments. This paper focuses on developing a light fidelity (Li-Fi) based system and analyzing its performance. This protocol can be adapted where radio waves are restricted, such as in airplane hospitals, and in some research facilities. Noticeable Light Communication (VLC) has increased extraordinary enthusiasm for the most recent decade because of the quick improvements in Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) manufacture Li-Fi is a novel technology for high-density wireless data transfer relieving no radio interferences in confined areas so it can be used in biosensors to measure various health parameters. This technology envisions a future where data for laptops, smartphones, and tablets will be transmitted in an economic and eco-friendly medium of light in the room.

A Real-Time Data Acquisition System for Single-Band Bathymetric LiDAR

Bathymetric light detection and ranging (LiDAR), which uses a laser with narrow pulse width and a high-repetition-rate, requires a real-time data acquisition system (RTDAQS) for quickly transmitting data with the characteristic of high sampling rates, high resolution and high accuracy. However, none of the RTDAQS in the world has reached these requirements. For this reason, this paper presents a RTDAQS with high speed SerDes data transfer technology based on the architecture of ADC+FPGA+ZYNQ. This RTDAQS consists of acquisition board and storage board. The acquisition board integrates high-speed analog-to-digital converter (ADC) acquisition module, Input/Output (I/O) control module, data transmission module, and Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) chip module. The storage board integrates FPGA Mezzanine Card (FMC) interface, solid state and ZYNQ chips. The corresponding software includes configuration for high-speed ADC acquisition module, I/O control module, data transmission module, and FMC interface module. The RTDAQS, which is embedded in the LiDAR with laser pulses width of 2.5ns ± 0.2ns and frequency of 500 Hz, has been verified by the experiments in indoor sink, outdoor pond, river, reservoir, Beihai Bay of the Pacific Ocean. The experimental results and comparison experiments demonstrate that the presented RTDAQS can reach a sampling rate of 2 GSPS and a sampling resolution of 14 bits and a sampling accuracy of 6 LSB with an acquisition error within 0.1 m, which meet the demands of high sampling rate with high accuracy data acquisition and quick data transmission in practice and can be applied to various devices.

Sensor-based surveillance for digitising real-time COVID-19 tracking in the USA (DETECT): a multivariable, population-based, modelling study

BackgroundTraditional viral illness surveillance relies on in-person clinical or laboratory data, paper-based data collection, and outdated technology for data transfer and aggregation. We aimed to assess whether continuous sensor data can provide an early warning signal for COVID-19 activity as individual physiological and behavioural changes might precede symptom onset, care seeking, and diagnostic testing.MethodsThis multivariable, population-based, modelling study recruited adult (aged ≥18 years) participants living in the USA who had a smartwatch or fitness tracker on any device that connected to Apple HealthKit or Google Fit and had joined the DETECT study by downloading the MyDataHelps app. In the model development cohort, we included people who had participated in DETECT between April 1, 2020, and Jan 14, 2022. In the validation cohort, we included individuals who had participated between Jan 15 and Feb 15, 2022. When a participant joins DETECT, they fill out an intake survey of demographic information, including their ZIP code (postal code), and surveys on symptoms, symptom onset, and viral illness test dates and results, if they become unwell. When a participant connects their device, historical sensor data are collected, if available. Sensor data continue to be collected unless a participant withdraws from the study. Using sensor data, we collected each participant's daily resting heart rate and step count during the entire study period and identified anomalous sensor days, in which resting heart rate was higher than, and step count was lower than, a specified threshold calculated for each individual by use of their baseline data. The proportion of users with anomalous data each day was used to create a 7-day moving average. For the main cohort, a negative binomial model predicting 7-day moving averages for COVID-19 case counts, as reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in real time, 6 days in the future, and 12 days in the future in the USA and California was fitted with CDC-reported data from 3 days before alone (H0) or in combination with anomalous sensor data (H1). We compared the predictions with Pearson correlation. We then validated the model in the validation cohort.FindingsBetween April 1, 2020, and Jan 14, 2022, 35 842 participants enrolled in DETECT, of whom 4006 in California and 28 527 in the USA were included in our main cohort. The H1 model significantly outperformed the H0 model in predicting the 7-day moving average COVID-19 case counts in California and the USA. For example, Pearson correlation coefficients for predictions 12 days in the future increased by 32·9% in California (from 0·70 [95% CI 0·65–0·73] to 0·93 [0·92–0·94]) and by 12·2% (from 0·82 [0·79–0·84] to 0·92 [0·91–0·93]) in the USA from the H0 model to the H1 model. Our validation model also showed significant correlations for predictions in real time, 6 days in the future, and 12 days in the future.InterpretationOur study showed that passively collected sensor data from consenting participants can provide real-time disease tracking and forecasting. With a growing population of wearable technology users, these sensor data could be integrated into viral surveillance programmes.FundingThe National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the US National Institutes of Health, The Rockefeller Foundation, and Amazon Web Services.

Numerical Analysis of the Effect of Work Roll Bending on Strip Crown During Tandem Hot Rolling

Extensive studies have been conducted on the effect of roll bending on strip shape in tandem hot rolling (THR). However, most of them are limited to a single stand. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) multi-pass elastic–plastic thermal–mechanical finite element (EPTMFE) model for the THR was developed using data transfer technologies and validated by industrial trials. The effects of work roll bending (WRB) on the strip crown, deflection and flattening deformation of work roll (WR) were quantitatively studied employing the developed finite element (FE) model. The results show that with an increase in WRB, the crown of relative deflection difference (RDD) decreases quickly, while the crown of relative flattening deformation difference (RFD) increases slowly; consequently, the strip crown shows a decreasing trend. This suggests that the deflection and flattening deformation of WR influence the strip crown simultaneously, but the former plays a decisive role. In addition, the influence efficiency of WRB on the crown of RFD increases from 0.0077[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m/kN at [Formula: see text]1 to 0.345 [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m/kN at [Formula: see text]7, which is dependent on the deformation resistance of the strip. These findings can contribute to a deeper understanding of the influence mechanism of WRB on the strip crown in the THR.

Influence mechanism of rolling force on strip shape during tandem hot rolling using a novel 3D multi-stand coupled thermo-mechanical FE model

During tandem hot rolling (THR), the rolling force plays an important role in strip shape control, but the influence mechanism of the rolling force on the strip shape is still currently unclear. This paper proposes a novel 3D multi-stand coupled thermo-mechanical finite element (FE) model for the THR developed employing a segmentation modelling strategy and data transfer technologies. This developed FE model has been validated by industrial experiments. Besides, the effects of rolling force on the strip shape (including strip crown and flatness) in the THR have been quantitatively studied. Results show that the strip crown increases with the rolling force at each stand, while the regulation efficiency of rolling force on the strip crown decreases continuously from (Finish stand 1) F1 to (Finish stand 7) F7, which is attributed to the significant increase in strip plastic rigidity from F1 to F7. Furthermore, lateral metal flow and strip plastic rigidity have a coupled effect on the regulation efficiency of rolling force on the strip flatness; more precisely, the regulation efficiency is mainly affected by the lateral metal flow in the upstream stand, while it is mainly influenced by the strip plastic rigidity in the downstream stand. These findings not only throw light on the influence mechanism of rolling force on the strip shape, but also offer a way to control and improve the strip shape by employing reasonable rolling force during industrial production.

Time-Dependent Laser Cavity Perturbation Theory: Exploring Future Nano-Structured Photonic Devices in Semi-Analytic way

We present a theoretical framework, which successfully combines two different fields of photonics: i) the laser rate equations and ii) the cavity perturbation theory, focusing particularly on micro-cavity lasers with optical anisotropies. Our approach is formally analogous to quantum-mechanical time-dependent perturbation theory, in which however the gain medium and permittivity tensor distribution are perturbed instead of the Hamiltonian. Using the general vectorial Maxwell-Bloch equations as a starting point, we derive polarization-resolved coupled-mode equations, in which all relevant geometric and anisotropy-related laser parameters are imprinted in its coefficients. Closed-form coupled-mode equations offer physical insights like rate equations approaches and the precision comparable to brute-force numeric routines, thus being the time-saving alternative to finite-difference time-domain methods. The main advantage is that one calculates numerically the shapes of cold-cavity modes used to derive coupled-mode equations for one set of parameters and the broad landscape of parameters of interest is further studied in a perturbative way. This makes the method particularly interesting for semi-analytic studies of state-of-art devices such as the photonic crystal lasers, the liquid-crystal lasers or specifically spin-lasers, in which the interplay between injected spin and cavity birefrigence creates very promising platform for ultrafast data transfer technologies.

Recent Progress in Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Performance of Porous Polymer Nanocomposites—A Review

The urge to develop high-speed data transfer technologies for futuristic electronic and communication devices has led to more incidents of serious electromagnetic interference and pollution. Over the past decade, there has been burgeoning research interests to design and fabricate high-performance porous EM shields to tackle this undesired phenomenon. Polymer nanocomposite foams and aerogels offer robust, flexible and lightweight architectures with tunable microwave absorption properties and are foreseen as potential candidates to mitigate electromagnetic pollution. This review covers various strategies adopted to fabricate 3D porous nanocomposites using conductive nanoinclusions with suitable polymer matrices, such as elastomers, thermoplastics, bioplastics, conducting polymers, polyurethanes, polyimides and nanocellulose. Special emphasis has been placed on novel 2D materials such as MXenes, that are envisaged to be the future of microwave-absorbing materials for next-generation electronic devices. Strategies to achieve an ultra-low percolation threshold using environmentally benign and facile processing techniques have been discussed in detail.

Predictive Intelligent Transportation: Alleviating Traffic Congestion in the Internet of Vehicles.

Due to the limitations of data transfer technologies, existing studies on urban traffic control mainly focused on isolated dimension control such as traffic signal control or vehicle route guidance to alleviate traffic congestion. However, in real traffic, the distribution of traffic flow is the result of multiple dimensions whose future state is influenced by each dimension’s decisions. Presently, the development of the Internet of Vehicles enables an integrated intelligent transportation system. This paper proposes an integrated intelligent transportation model that can optimize predictive traffic signal control and predictive vehicle route guidance simultaneously to alleviate traffic congestion based on their feedback regulation relationship. The challenges of this model lie in that the formulation of the nonlinear feedback relationship between various dimensions is hard to describe and the design of a corresponding solving algorithm that can obtain Pareto optimality for multi-dimension control is complex. In the integrated model, we introduce two medium variables—predictive traffic flow and the predictive waiting time—to two-way link the traffic signal control and vehicle route guidance. Inspired by game theory, an asymmetric information exchange framework-based updating distributed algorithm is designed to solve the integrated model. Finally, an experimental study in two typical traffic scenarios shows that more than 73.33% of the considered cases adopting the integrated model achieve Pareto optimality.