Technological Re-equipment Research Articles

Industrialization of agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan

The goal is to justify the need for sustainable development of agro-industrial complex based on state regulation, analyze main indicators of crop production industry: maintaining and improving soil fertility, growing crops adapted to the regional natural conditions, using the most productive plant species and varieties, taking into account introduction of resource-saving technologies. Methods – PEST-analysis, which allows taking into account the economic and social aspects of the external environment that affect activities of the enterprise; generalization of information, synthesis, systematic approach. Results – volumes of gross agricultural output of Kazakhstan for 2019-2021, main stages of reengineering are presented. A number of effective measures to improve competitiveness of agricultural production have been proposed. The role of scientific support of AIC, the use of innovative agricultural technologies and developments in crop production and animal husbandry is shown. The authors state the need for constant updating of professional standards that regulate the requirements for competencies of specialists in agricultural sector; use of the latest modern methods of foreign practice; compliance with international standards in storage, processing of agricultural products and feed; strict accounting of gene pool of breeds, groups, types of animals, birds, plants; production costs reduction, increasing profitability and productivity, which can be achieved through technical and technological reequipment, use of highly productive crop varieties, improvement of production structure and methods of economic management. Conclusions – as a result of the study, recommendations on implementation of regional agricultural policy were prepared. Barriers to the development of agroindustrial complex have yet to be overcome, since significant investments are needed for industrialization.

Modified three-stage model for forecasting the demand for energy resources at various hierarchy levels of the economy

Forecasting of the demand for energy resources is a very important scientific area when determining adequacy of energy resources in the country, compiling the country’s energy balance, determining need for import of some energy resources for the country’s economy for types of economic activity (TEA) and regions. The pace of development and proportions in the country’s and the region’s economy may affect their levels of energy consumption, and the latter determine the extent of energy industry’s impact on the environment, i.e. these indicators are interdependent. The relevance of the work is related to creation of a mathematical model and tools for forecasting the demand for energy resources and determining the amount of emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere as a result of fossil fuels combustion. The methods and tools for forecasting the demand for energy resources for various types of economic activity or regions take into account the following factors: impact of changes in the structure of the economy on fuel and energy consumption as well as on technological re-equipment of industries that together form the overall energy saving capacity and structures of electricity production sources and heat energy supply sources to ensure their production. The authors propose a three-level model for forecasting the demand for energy resources (electricity, heat, fuel in total and its types: coal, natural gas and other fuels). This model uses a double agreement of forecasts: between the third (types of economic activity in regions), the second (regions) levels, and the subsequent agreement with the top (country) level. The calculations performed using this model demonstrate the feasibility of this approach. This model was tested on retrospective data with an error of less than 5%. Calculations under this model show a forecast of savings of 8.7 million tons of coal by 2040 due to structural and technological changes (2.272 million tons and 6.428 million tons, respectively). Reduction of coal consumption will reduce emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere (thousand tons): nitrogen oxides – 19.671; sulfur oxides – 295.06; carbon monoxide – 393.414; solid dispersed particles – 104.255; carbon dioxide – 5271.75.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ ДИСТАНЦІЙНОГО НАВЧАННЯ ПРИ ВИКЛАДАННІ НАВЧАЛЬНОЇ ДИСЦИПЛІНИ «ХОРОВЕ ДИРИГУВАННЯ»

Information technologies play a main role in realizing the needs of the modern person in self-improvement. Modern scholars believe that informatization is a significant resource for improving the quality of education. Hence the problem of information technologies and their implementation in the educational process of all parts of the Ukrainian education system is relevant. Solving the problem of integrated information and technological re-equipment of higher education is connected with the creation of a single information and technological space of higher education. The professional development of a future teacher-musician involves not only the acquisition of knowledge, skills and abilities, but also personal self-improvement. The formation of a new type of teacher is possible only if the higher education approaches to real professional and pedagogical activities. The fundamental changes in all aspects of society make high demands to the individual of the manager of the choral collective. Upgrade of higher musical-pedagogical education involves the education of specialists who could freely operate knowledge, possess the ability to skillfully conduct the music lessons. In this context acquires relevance the problem of preparing students for productive activities, especially in the field of conducting choral training. The core subjects of conducting cycle include the choral conducting, staging the voice, choir class. The conductor's profession has several features that are the basis of the psychological and musical impact of the conductor for the collective. The levels of the formation of professional orientation and self-conductor thinking, emotions and will affect on the creative formation and development of personality of the conductor. An important place in the development of professional pedagogical orientation and professional self-esteem takes conductor’s practice, conductor student contests, rehearsal work. These forms of the activity make it possible to check of professional abilities, conductor skills, professionally important qualities and to adequately assess the level of professional self-esteem. Given many-components activity of the choirmaster, the prominence it has independence training. To enhance the professional skills of special importance is the participation of students in competitive tests. Contests of conductors promote to the opening of new names of young conductors choirmaster. The purpose and the main task of the contest in Volodymyr Vynnychenko Central Ukrainian State Teacher Training University are education of the student's conducting culture, promote of the choral works of Ukrainian composers, identifying talented young choral conductors, the exchange of experiences for professional training. In 2022 the competition is devoted to the 20th anniversary of memory to Ivan Karabyts.

The study of the impact of the developed metallurgical industry on the population health in the industrial centre

Introduction. The metallurgical enterprises of the city of Lipetsk are city-forming and provide the main anthropotechnogenic burden on the health of the population. The priority of preserving the health of the population determines the importance of studying the determinants of the environment on the health of the population and creates conditions for the organization of scientific research, which are aimed at developing scientifically based recommendations to reduce this process. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the formation of the prevalence of non-communicable diseases in an industrial centre with a developed metallurgical industry. Material and methods. We used the data of the regional information fund concerning the state of the human environment and public health, the materials of the consolidated volume of maximum permissible emissions (MAE) of the city of Lipetsk, and statistical data. The comparative non-carcinogenic hazard indices and the assessment of mass non-communicable morbidity thresholds were calculated. Results. The analysis showed that as a result of the implementation of environmental measures at the city’s enterprises, there was a significant decrease in the level of atmospheric pollution. Positive changes in the habitat state are confirmed by the incidence rate for individual nosological units. A conjugated analysis of the indices of comparative non-carcinogenic hazard and morbidity made it possible to establish a threshold for mass non-infectious morbidity by nosology for the adult population and children. Discussion. The incidence rate has also dropped significantly. The improved quality of atmospheric air has erased the apparent dependence of the level and structure of morbidity from the impact of metallurgical production alone. Conclusion. Despite the decrease in emissions from stationary sources due to technological re-equipment, the implementation of environmental measures, and the incidence of many nosologies, many problems remain unsolved.

Substantiation of the optimal rate of straw bed in sections with different technological solution

There is no consensus among producers and agricultural practitioners as to which bedding material is the best. The choice is largely influenced by its useful properties, duration of use and high cost. Organic (straw, sawdust, wood shavings, peat, etc.), inorganic (sand) and synthetic (rubber mats; mattresses made of chopped rubber, latex, polyurethane foam lining, waterproof wax coating, etc.) materials are used for bedding. A significant part of agricultural organizations in Belarus uses winter straw. As a bedding material, it has a number of useful properties: low thermal conductivity, high moisture absorption capacity, low cost, and comfort for animals. According to the Republican standards for the technological design of new, reconstruction and technological re-equipment of livestock facilities (RNTD-1-2004), the standards for consumption of straw bedding for cows at loose housing on deep litter is 8 kg, but there are no input standards for sections with other technological solutions. The paper presents the results of studies to determine the optimal rate of straw bedding in sections with different technological solutions. Analysis of ethological reactions of animals, contamination of the skin, presence/absence of injuries on the body, temperature characteristics of the straw bedding in different seasons of the year and the economic efficiency of using different straw bedding rates has been performed. It has been determined that the optimal straw bedding rate for the general section is 4.5 kg/animal per day, for a section with a division into a feeding area and a rest area – 3.0 kg/animal per day. Application of these rates of straw bedding will enable it to be used economically without affecting the productivity and resting comfort of cows. The research results can be used in design and construction of industrial dairy complexes and storages for rough feeds.

The Russian labor market in the context of the digitalization

To ensure the competitiveness of the Russian economy in the international arena, it is necessary to increase labor productivity. However, its indicators lag significantly behind similar indicators in economically developed countries. The necessary conditions for the growth of labor productivity in the regions of the country are the technological re-equipment and modernization of production, the development and implementation of modern advanced information technologies in all areas, the presence of a highly professional workforce with the necessary competencies in the context of the digitalization of the economy.

Provision of agricultural machinery for agricultural enterprises in the Republic of Belarus

Many years of foreign and domestic experience in agricultural production shows that the intensification of agricultural production, increasing its efficiency and volume, increasing the competitiveness of agricultural products, is impossible without constant modernization of the production and technical base and the introduction of the most modern achievements of scientific and technological progress. Only a comprehensive and systematic technical and technological re-equipment of agricultural production, the use of the latest technological solutions and its saturation with hightech, high-performance complexes, machines, and equipment will be able to ensure the significant increase in labour productivity, minimize the costs of all types of material resources with a steady trend of constantly decreasing labour resources. The purpose of the work was to analyze the provision of agricultural machinery for agricultural enterprises in the Republic of Belarus. The analysis of indicators of availability of the main types of machines of domestic agricultural enterprises in comparison with various countries of the world has been carried out. The results of the analysis of the most important segments of the agricultural tractor and combine fleet in the Republic of Belarus have been presented in the article. It has been shown that the absolutely predominant share of tractors (about 93 %) in domestic agricultural organizations today consists of tractors of Belarusian production. The composition and structure of the combine harvester fleet is gradually changing towards a perfect predominance of the share of domestic harvesters over imported ones. So, at the beginning of 2020 compared with the beginning of 2011 the total number of combines decreased by 22,3 %, while the share of domestic machines increased by almost 7 percentage points, and foreign ones decreased by almost 4 percentage points, respectively.

ISSUES OF THE INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF CREDITING OF AGRICULTURAL FARMS

Agriculture is one of the most important sectors of the production of material goods of the economy, it provides the country's population with high-quality food, and the light and food industry with raw materials. Agriculture is the most complex and labor-intensive sector not only of the agro-industrial complex, but also of the entire economy. The study of international experience in lending to agricultural farms makes it possible to analyze and apply the experience of advanced countries in our country. We consider it necessary to note that at present it is not very correct to point out the negative impact of credit on agricultural products. Due to its characteristics, the agricultural sector is deprived of long-term and medium-term equity and is forced to apply for loans for technical and technological re-equipment. The study of international experience allows us to state that the financing of agricultural farms in different countries occurs according to several scenarios, between which there are no clear boundaries. In each country, different forms of organizing lending to agricultural farms are manifested. The article presents the features of lending to agricultural farms in the international market and the issues related to them. Reforms in that sector, trends and impacts on other sectors of the economy.

УПРАВЛІНСЬКІ ТА ОБЛІКОВІ АСПЕКТИ ФОРМУВАННЯ РЕСУРСНОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

The priority of the agrarian vector of development is for Ukraine not only a historical reality, but also an opportunity to occupy an important place in the system of international economic integration. This is facilitated by the powerful natural resource potential and strong historical traditions. Today, the transformational processes taking place in the modern economy lead to the restructuring of agricultural production on a new technological and socio-economic basis, which requires the formation of a more rational management mechanism, the most important component of which is fixed capital. Slowing down the development of domestic agricultural machinery in combination with unsatisfactory volumes of replacement of shortages with corresponding imports deepens the problem of technical re-equipment of the main assets of agricultural enterprises. They are often morally obsolete and physically worn out, which leads to the technological backwardness of agricultural enterprises. A natural consequence is a decrease in economic efficiency and an increase in the energy and resource intensity of both products and production as a whole. Qualitative reform of agricultural industries in the direction of their technical and technological reequipment, provided that the requirements of efficiency and increase in production productivity are taken into account, is a way to realize the existing potential of the agricultural industry, including export, and will lead agricultural producers to economic independence and stability. The purpose of the study is the scientific justification of approaches to the formation of the fixed capital of agricultural enterprises and the development of practical recommendations for increasing the efficiency of its use, as a basis for the growth of the economic potential and the effectiveness of the enterprises. The principles of regulating the process of formation and reproduction of the fixed capital of agricultural enterprises as a condition for the implementation of extended reproduction using the developed methodical approach, which is based on the adaptation of self-financing mechanisms to the modern economic conditions of agricultural enterprises of various specializations with the priority of maintaining control over the financial condition of the enterprise, are substantiated. It is proposed to systematize the indicators according to the areas of analysis of the formation and use of fixed capital and supplement them with separate indicators that specify the impact of the size of the fixed capital on the unit cost of the manufactured products and the final result of the enterprises’ activities.

Environmental problems during the disposal of decommissioned agricultural machinery

Together with industry and transport, agriculture contributes significantly to environmental degradation. This is especially true for industrialized countries and territories with a high population density. Given the projected population growth, it is obvious that the intensifi cation of agricultural production is the only way to avoid food shortages. In the agro-industrial complex (AIC) of Russia, when carrying out the disposal of agricultural machinery (SHT), this issue is particularly acute, since it is related to the environmental safety of the environment. To reflect the most urgent problems related to environmental safety in agriculture in the creation and effective functioning of the "Agricultural Recycling" system. The introduction of a new energy-saturated SHT and the decommissioning of the spent 1, or even 1.5–2 depreciation period of the SHT is one of the main factors in the formation of a resource-saving eco-oriented system "Agricultural recycling". It is important that this system ensures not only the receipt of secondary resources in maximum quantities, but also ensures the environmental safety of the environment. The problem of handling agricultural waste in the agro-industrial complex (AIC) is one of the key environmental problems due to the fact that the equipment used in agricultural farms, as a rule, is far beyond the depreciation resource. Decommissioned machinery (VET) contains a large number of secondary resources — useful substances and materials, the irrational use of which significantly reduces the economic efficiency of agricultural production. The main directions of ensuring sustainable and environmentally safe agriculture are the promotion of relevant initiatives, the creation of economic incentive mechanisms, the formation of public opinion, technological re-equipment. The main link of these measures is the technological modernization of agricultural production, the essence of which is to create workshops (sites) for the utilization of agricultural waste on the basis of existing enterprises of the agricultural sector. The creation of an eff ective system for the utilization of agricultural waste in the next 2–3 years at the regional level in the most developed agricultural regions will significantly solve the problem of environmental safety in the agro-industrial complex.

Dynamics of indicators of energy security and power supply capacity of agricultural organizations in Belarus

One of the most important indicators that are used in the characterization and analysis of the processes of intensification of agriculture are indicators of the availability of agricultural enterprises with energy resources such as energy security and power supply capacity. The purpose of the work was to analyze the dynamics of indicators of energy security and power supply capacity of agricultural organizations in the Republic of Belarus. A number of important points and indicators characterizing the current state and potential of Belarusian agricultural production has been considered in the article. It has been established that over the past decade in agricultural organizations of the Republic there has been a decrease in the indicator of energy security by 15 %, and the power supply capacity of labour has increased more than 1,4 times during this time. On the overall efficiency of agricultural and livestock production, on the level of labour productivity in agricultural organizations, indicators of power supply capacity have a very significant and very often decisive impact. Under the conditions of the steady decline in the number of people employed in the agro-industrial complex, the increase in the volume of cultivated areas and, in general, with the increase in the physical volumes of products produced in crop production and animal husbandry, the role of energy-saturated machines, machinery, equipment and their rational use is repeatedly increasing. The requirements for productivity, functionality, efficiency, reliability of agricultural machinery, machines and aggregates are seriously increasing. Only the comprehensive and systematic technical and technological re-equipment of agricultural production, its saturation with high-tech, high-performance agricultural machines, complexes and equipment will be able to ensure the significant increase in labour productivity, minimize the expenditures of all types of material, fuel and energy resources and, as the result, maximize the fulfillment of tasks to preserve the country’s food security.

Два главных вызова, стоящих перед Россией: по сокращению катастрофически высокой смертности при восстановлении сохранности народа и переходу к устойчивому социально-экономическому росту

Under consideration are the two main challenges for the socio-economic development of Russia – the reduction of catastrophically high mortality and the restoration of the safety of the people, on the one hand, and the transition from stagnation and crisis to sustainable socio-economic growth as a means of saving the people and raising their well-being. From this point of view, the 30-year path of development of the economy and social sphere of the new Russia is analyzed, highlighting the last decade of stagnation and crisis. The second part of the article substantiates the need for a transition to a new demographic and socio-economic policy aimed at transforming the economy and the social sphere, which is necessary for accelerated and high-quality economic growth, overcoming the gap between our country and the advanced countries of the world and priority increase in the living standards of the population. This requires a technological reequipment of the country's national economy with an increase in economic efficiency by 2-3 times. This can be achieved through the accelerated growth of investment in fixed and human capital while carrying out the necessary structural reforms to create favorable conditions for sustainable development along an innovative path.

Brief analysis of agricultural machinery availability of agricultural enterprises of the Republic of Belarus

Long-term foreign and domestic experience in agricultural production proves that the intensification of agricultural production, an increase in its efficiency and volumes, an increase in the competitiveness of agricultural products, is impossible without constant modernization of the production and technical base and the introduction of the most modern achievements of scientific and technological progress. Only a comprehensive and systematic technical and technological re-equipment of agricultural production, saturation of it with high-tech, high-performance complexes, machines, equipment can provide a significant increase in labor productivity, minimize the cost of all types of material resources with a steady trend of constantly decreasing labor resources in agricultural production. The analysis of indicators of provision with the main types of machines of domestic agricultural enterprises in comparison with different countries of the world is carried out. The article presents the results of the analysis of the most important segments of the agricultural tractor and combine park of the Republic of Belarus.

Control technology of technical documentation of automation and telemechanics on transport

The introduction of electronic document management is one of the most important tasks of technical and technological reequipment of JSC “Uzbekistan railways” following the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On electronic document circulation". In JSC, "Uzbekistan railways" is currently stored huge volumes of technical documentation created, processed, and analyzed “manually”. While the same steps of entering the primary data are performed repeatedly by different services and organizations, increasing the costs of unproductive labor and the number of “operator errors”. The Department of automation and remote control stores large amounts of technical documentation on paper. The volume of this documentation, expressed in A4 format, can reach 25 thousand copies in one linear enterprise.

Practical aspects and prospects for formation of financial and industrial groups in Uzbekistan

This article examines the conditions for the formation of financial and industrial groups in Uzbekistan and the participation of commercial banks in their activities. The purpose of the study is to formulate recommendations for creating the necessary conditions for the formation and organization of the activities of financial and industrial groups. The authors used the following research methods: grouping, abstraction, comparative analysis, structural analysis, and scientific forecasting. This article also describes the role of financial and industrial groups in the development of the economy and assesses the possibility of creating financial and industrial groups with the participation of commercial banks. In addition, the features and prospects for the creation of financial and industrial groups in Uzbekistan have been identified. The authors conclude that there are the following grounds for the formation of financial and industrial groups with the participation of commercial banks in Uzbekistan: the volume of commercial bank loans allocated to the real sector of the economy is increasing, there is a great need for financial resources to modernize production, as well as technical and technological re-equipment of enterprises. The formation of financial and industrial groups in the national economy will lead to the sustainable development of the industrial sector, ensuring the stability of the financial and banking system and increasing the competitiveness of the national economy.

Improving the system of measures to support industrial development in Russia

Currently, it is not individual enterprises that compete in the global market of industrial goods, but value chains. Within their framework, technological and production interfaces, diversification of demand markets, and optimization of business processes contribute to a sharp increase in the competitiveness of enterprises. The existing measures to support the development of industry do not confirm their effectiveness based on the results of work. To improve the system of support measures, the following steps are proposed: value chains should become the main tool for implementing the state’s industrial policy, measures for technological re-equipment based on intersectoral interaction of enterprises of high-tech and medium-tech industries should be implemented, as well as development institutions alternative to the banking sector should be formed. When implementing the proposed state support measures, the conditions for the sustainable development of the manufacturing industry in Russia are formed.

Research and development of a combined unit for tillage with a layer turnover

The article deals with the issue of mechanization of the process of ecological and meliorative tillage with the turnover of the reservoir, improving the quality and reducing the energy intensity of the arable unit. The state of modern research of ecological and meliorative methods of soil treatment is studied. The modernization of the plow was carried out and a variant of a new design was proposed in the form of chisel working bodies instead of pre-lugs to the coulter plow. At the same time, the improvement of the methods of dump plowing does not violate the main principle of the plow body – falling off and turning the formation into an uncovered neighboring furrow. A review of the theoretical prerequisites for the substantiation of the design parameters of chisel working bodies is carried out. The optimal parameters of the chisel chisel working bodies operation process are determined, depending on the type of chisel and its surface area. Scientific research was carried out according to the strategy of machine-technological modernization of agriculture in Russia, aimed at increasing labor productivity growth, which does not exclude technological re-equipment of agriculture.

Brief analysis of the provision of agricultural machinery to agricultural enterprises of the Republic of Belarus

Long-term foreign and domestic experience in agricultural production proves that the intensification of agricultural production, an increase in its efficiency and volumes, an increase in the competitiveness of agricultural products, is impossible without constant modernization of the production and technical base and the introduction of the most modern achievements of scientific and technological progress. Only a comprehensive and systematic technical and technological reequipment of agricultural production, saturation of it with high-tech, high-performance complexes, machines, equipment can provide a significant increase in labor productivity, minimize the cost of all types of material resources with a steady trend of constantly decreasing labor resources in agricultural production. The analysis of indicators of provision with the main types of machines of domestic agricultural enterprises in comparison with different countries of the world is carried out. The article presents the results of the analysis of the most important segments of the agricultural tractor and combine park of the Republic of Belarus.

Financial Technology: Development of Innovative Fintech Start-Ups and Its Application in Banking System of Uzbekistan

In the context of globalization, labor migration, trade and capital movements, tourism, foreign investment, IT are affected by the economic growth rates of countries. Periodic disclosure of reforms in the new Uzbekistan, the beginning of socio-economic relations provided opportunities for modernization, technical and technological re-equipment of the industrial sector. In particular, the need for financial technology in commercial banks is important to conduct research in this area. The influence of fintech is beginning to be felt in the banking sector and capital markets. This article surveys its development and its impact on efficiency, banking market structure, strategies of incumbents and entrants, and financial stability.

МЕХАНІЗМИ ЕФЕКТИВНОГО ДЕРЖАВНОГО СТИМУЛЮВАННЯ І ПРІОРИТЕТИ ПРИ ІНВЕСТУВАННІ В ЕКОНОМІКУ УКРАЇНИ

Через слабке реформування економіки України і низький рівень залучення інвестицій її потенціал істотно знизився, а структура економіки набула рис аграрно-сировинної спрямованості. Такий підхід унеможливлює підвищення стандартів життя українців. Щоб переломити ситуацію, необхідно переосмислити підходи державного регулювання економічних процесів, підвищення продуктивності праці, інтенсифікації та зростання ефективності виробництва, активного продажу на світових ринках виготовлених в Україні товарів і послуг з більш високою доданою вартістю. Усе це є можливим при залученні певних нових технологій, ноу-хау, інновацій, а головне – інвестицій, завдяки яким можна побудувати відповідне сприятливе середовище. З огляду на це, у світі для залучення інвестицій і технологій спочатку фокусуються на розбудові інститутів, інфраструктури і впровадженні найкращих світових стандартів у верховенстві права, державному регулюванні, освіті, науці, медицині тощо. Тільки ефективні реформи з державного стимулювання інвестицій у вітчизняну економіку здатні зрушити процес оновлення і якісного зростання економіки України з місця. Для покращення інвестиційного клімату і формування конкурентоспроможної української економіки першочерговими заходами мають бути ревізія вітчизняних інвестиційних програм і аналогічних заходів у сусідніх країнах, формування на основі цього оновленого інституційного механізму залучення продуктивних інвестицій, встановлення верховенства права за стандартами ЄС, очищення від корупції правоохоронних і державних органів влади, оптимізація фіскально-податкового механізму для інвесторів, оновлення інфраструктури і впровадження системного технологічного переозброєння. Виконання 10 запропонованих пунктів, які стосуються державного стимулювання інвестиційної діяльності, допоможе системно залучати інвестиційні ресурси на довгостроковій основі. Також пріоритетом для державних органів влади має бути впровадження індустріальних парків за типом ОАЕ та інноваційних парків для посилення розвитку вітчизняної ІТ-сфери у великих містах України. Це дозволить Україні швидше і ефективніше розвивати соціально-економічне середовище і поступово, на прагматичній основі інтегруватися до ЄС.