Technological Pedagogical And Content Knowledge Research Articles

AN INVESTIGATION OF TPACK WITHIN ICT INTEGRATION: THE CASE OF NON-CERTIFIED ENGLISH TEACHERS IN KOLAKA

This study focuses on non-certified English teachers using Information and Communication Technology (UICT) in the teaching practice with the framework is technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK). The purpose is to elaborate on the interrelationship between all TPACK components and their roles in predicting UICT based on the beliefs of the teachers during teaching practice. The researchers used a mixed-methods design for 20 participants from SMP IT Nur Syamzam Kolaka. Questionnaire and interview, especially semi-structured interviews as an instrument for this study. To collect the data, the researcher did online with the non-certified English teachers at SMP IT Nur Syamzam Kolaka. Using Pearson's correlation coefficient, the relationship between the application of TPACK and the availability of ICT tools was determined by correlating the overall TPACK result with the adequacy of ICT tools. Therefore, the findings of the study that were obtained through the TPACK survey demonstrate how they effectively apply their knowledge. The teachers demonstrate expert knowledge in all TPACK domains. They demonstrate the highest level of knowledge based on the mean of TK (4.28), followed by CK (4.26). While all areas of TPACK have a mean of 4.10, PCK and TPK have the lowest mean (4.11).

Emergency remote teaching practices: discourse analysis of EFL writing communicative event

Although emergency remote teaching (ERT) emerged as a trending research area during COVID-19, teamwork emergency remote teaching practices (ERTPs) remained an untouched topic in the context of English as a foreign language (EFL) writing. Teaching practices in various contexts are shaped by a communicative event such as face-to-face, online, or ERT. There is a significant need for using classroom discourse to probe such writing events. Accordingly, this context-based study evaluates the teamwork ERTPs in EFL writing communicative event. To achieve this task, it develops a conceptual framework that integrates discourse of ethnography with pedagogical technology: an ethnography of settings, participants, ends, acts, keys, instruments, norms, and genres (SPEAKING), with technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge (TPACK). Eleven sessions were collected from the recorded emergency remote sessions, chatroom, online session report, and the course portfolio in the preparatory year (PY) of Najran University, Saudi Arabia. The analysis revealed that EFL writing class is a hybrid communicative event in which the teaching team gradually recouped their traditional teaching practices. The team pushed their students to use written discourse. Technical practices show that because of cultural norms the participants did not use the camera. Content practices include adapting the teaching materials in the form of a PDF file to serve the interests of physical distancing. Pedagogical practices involve poor attendance, planning practices, and archival practices. The study concludes that a teaching team is an effective strategy during crises. The study recommends further investigation of macro teaching practices beyond classroom boundaries. Students can improve their spelling and writing issues using chatrooms, PowerPoint presentations, and Google forms. ERT can be flexible in terms of selecting materials that best serve the learning outcomes. A student’s writing e-portfolio can be used as an alternative assessment tool in EFL virtual writing courses. Flipped classroom discourse and digital discourse are potential areas for investigating ERTPs.

A systematic literature review of Technological, Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) in mathematics education: Future challenges for educational practice and research

A systematic literature review of Technological, Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) in mathematics education: Future challenges for educational practice and research

Examining the Factors Related to the Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge Levels of Preservice Social Studies Teachers

Technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK) is a pedagogical tool that can provide teachers and preservice teachers opportunities to receive enhanced lesson input, engage in classroom interactions, and improve learning outcomes. This study aims at examining the factors related to the TPACK skills of preservice social studies teachers. Participants consisted of 368 preservice teachers studying at the social studies teacher education department of a university located in the Central Black Sea Region of Turkey. Participants completed the TPACK scale and personal information form. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way multivariate analysis of variance, and one-way analysis of variance. The results of the study reveal that gender is associated with the preservice teachers’ technological knowledge, content knowledge, and pedagogical knowledge; education year is associated with technological knowledge and technological pedagogical knowledge; high school type is correlated with technological knowledge, technological pedagogical knowledge, technological content knowledge, and technological pedagogical and content knowledge; home computer ownership is associated with technological knowledge; and average weekly time spent using a computer is associated with technological knowledge and technological pedagogical and content knowledge. Finally, technical computer skills are correlated with technological knowledge, content knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge, technological pedagogical knowledge, and technological pedagogical and content knowledge. The current study may contribute to determining culturally specific and cross-cultural correlates of TPACK skills among preservice teachers.

FACTORS AFFECTING TEACHERS’ ONLINE LEARNING EXPERIENCES IN PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM: STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELLING

There is a sudden transition in education during this pandemic era of COVID-19. Students’ learning which is previously conducted in an offline face-to-face meeting should shift to online learning. This sudden change surely affects students’ learning experience. In the attempt to create a better online learning, this study investigates the interplay of the factors affecting participants’ online learning experience namely selfdirected learning and TPACK (Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge). A quantitative study using Partial Least Square- Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) model analysis was employed to explore this issue. A total of 434 in-service teachers joining an online Teacher Professional Development program participated in this study. The results show that Self-directed learning and TPACK are positively and significantly associated with online learning experience. It indicates that students with high self-directed learning skills and TPACK are predicted to have a positive and satisfying online learning experience. Further implication for pedagogy and future research recommendation is discussed.

The EnTPACK rubric: development, validation, and reliability of an instrument for measuring pre-service science teachers’ enacted TPACK

Science instruction can benefit from the use of digital technologies if pre-service teachers are given opportunities to acquire Technological Pedagogical And Content Knowledge (TPACK) as part of their studies. However, the prevailing self-report approach to TPACK measurement does not allow conclusions to be drawn about enacted TPACK, which is rarely assessed in real classroom situations. In addition, instruments designed to measure TPACK enactment lack descriptive clarity and no single instrument is used to assess the three relevant phases of teacher competencies (lesson planning, implementation, and reflection). The present paper addresses this gap by presenting the development and validation of a comprehensive rubric for assessing the enacted TPACK of pre-service science teachers. To operationalize the “fuzzy” aspects of the framework, the rubric targets a specific use of digital media and instructional approach in science teaching: student-generated explainer videos and animations. At the core of the development process is a theory- and literature-based systematic review of (1) existing instruments for assessing pre-service science teachers’ enacted TPACK and (2) instructional criteria for student-generated explainer videos in science classes. The resulting rubric allows valid conclusions given the appropriate conditions, has demonstrated reliability, and excels due to its specific focus, high degree of differentiation, systematic grounding in theory and literature, objective grading criteria, and comprehensive applicability to all three phases of teacher competencies.

Early and late adopter effects between schools in a one-to-one computer initiative

Although there are numerous studies on the development of teachers’ professional digital competence, only a few have studied the intermediate levels of the education system and its impact over time. A structural merger of three Norwegian municipalities allowed for a natural field experiment involving two school districts. In the present study, we explored potential differences in early and late adopter effects on teachers from school districts. Survey data were collected to assess teacher-level perceptions of organisational support and access to collaborative professional communities. Teachers also rated themselves according to the Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework for digital competence and answered questions to assess their level of student-centred teaching beliefs. The data were analysed using Structural Equation Model (SEM) to explore associations between study variables and patterns of differences between school districts. The results indicate that municipality- or school district-level initiatives have influenced the behaviour of school management and in the teacher community, and possibly result in a more student-centred teaching style in the classroom. The present paper adds new insights into how teachers and schools are influenced by the intermediate levels of the education system. The findings from our study may thus be of interest to researchers exploring the professional development of digital competence for teachers and schools. Moreover, as we highlight how school districts approach and support schools in the implementation of one-to-one coverage of digital devices in schools, we bring updated knowledge to this research field.

South African Postgraduate STEM Students’ Use of Mobile Digital Technologies to Facilitate Participation and Digital Equity during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The transition to online mobile teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic required more than access to mobile digital technologies, particularly in South Africa, a country trying to address the injustices and inequalities of the pre-democracy period. The argument advanced in this research is that the transition to online mobile teaching and learning could be used as leverage to promote active participation, quality inclusive learning, develop relevant and responsive content and achieve mobile digital equity. This interpretative case study was conducted at a South African teacher-training institution. The primary aim of this study is to explore the following question: How did postgraduate STEM students use mobile digital technologies to facilitate teaching and learning under COVID-19 conditions? Data was obtained from 20 purposively selected postgraduate STEM students enrolled for their Bachelor of Education honours degree. They participated in online discussion forums and maintained reflective journals. Due diligence was taken to ensure all the required ethical protocols were observed. Mishra and Koehler’s Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) model framed this study. The constructs of the model were used during the analysis of data. The findings highlight that mobile digital technologies were used for translanguaging, supporting students in developing disciplinary science understanding through exposure to practical work and linking cross-cutting concepts in STEM subjects. The findings of this study are significant as they indicate how to operationalize STEM teaching in developing countries; how to address issues of access and social justice; and how to leverage mobile technologies to improve practice in STEM subjects, post-COVID.

Analysis of the Current Situation of TPACK Research for Primary School Teachers in China

TPACK (Technological Pedagogical And Content Knowledge) is a form of knowledge that involves the interaction and integration of subject content, teaching methods, and technology in education. It represents a novel knowledge framework essential for teachers in the information age. The TPACK framework necessitates a deep understanding of each facet of knowledge to effectively integrate technology, teaching methods, and subject content for impactful instruction. This study employs literature research methodology and CiteSpace software to comprehensively identify and visually analyze the research landscape of TPACK among primary school teachers in China. It explores the distribution patterns, research hotspots, knowledge base, transformations, and emerging trends within TPACK research. The findings reveal that literature on TPACK studies has been published in CSSCI journals since 2011, illustrating the increasing attention towards TPACK research. Initially, the research focuses on the entire group of primary school teachers and subsequently narrows down to rural primary school teachers, further segmented by disciplines. Researchers primarily investigate the current status, influencing factors, and strategies related to professional development of primary school teachers. Domestically, collaborative research groups primarily concentrate in key normal universities, often encompassing cooperation between different departments within the same institution, while cross-institutional collaboration remains limited. Furthermore, intercollegiate cooperation is sporadic, with minimal established collaborative relationships.

Deskripsi Penerapan Pembelajaran dengan Pendekatan Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPaCK) di Kelas VI Sekolah Dasar Negeri 09 Pontianak Tenggara

The purpose of this study was to describe the implementation of learning with the Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPaCK) approach in class VI of Elementary School 09 Pontianak Tenggara. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative research using observation guidelines, interview guidelines, and documentation. Qualitative data were obtained through observation sheets which included 4 aspects and 20 indicators, teacher interview guidelines consisting of 20 questions, and student interview guidelines consisting of 15 questions. The results of this study concluded that the implementation of learning with the Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPaCK) approach was carried out by analyzing the interaction of learning models using the TPaCK approach. This approach involves aspects such as TK (Technological Knowledge), PK (Pedagogical Knowledge), CK (Content Knowledge), PCK (Pedagogical Content Knowledge), TPK (Technological Pedagogical Knowledge), TCK (Technological Content Knowledge), and TPaCK (Technological Knowledge). Pedagogical and Content Knowledge). Obstacles in implementing this approach involve human resources, facilities, and facilities. Each learning information technology approach has components such as vision, goals, development, planning, necessary facilities, learning methods, and learning evaluation. Efforts to overcome this obstacle include internal coaching in schools, improving the quality of education, and involving teachers in various training activities and seminars. This aims to align the vision and understanding of teachers towards education and improve their abilities as professional educators.

The Supervisor of Undergraduate Dissertations in a Web-Based Context: How Much Support and How to Give it?

The provision of support has always been central to the role of the undergraduate dissertation (UD) supervisor, but little research has been done on its contextual determinants in web-facilitated contexts. Beyond the general recognition of the importance of institutional support for the development of supervisors’ technological and pedagogical knowledge and the importance of technology and pedagogy in maximizing the impact of supervisors’ support for students, the effect of technology tools and students’ prior skills on the type and level of supervisors’ support is not well understood. Drawing partially on the Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework, the present work uses Partial-Least Square Structural Equation Modelling to examine the effect of supervisors’ Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (TPK), their perception of students’ soft skills, and the technology tools they use (face-to-face, social media or a learning management system) on the level of educational and motivational support they provide. The results indicate that institutional support to UD supervisors positively affects their TPK, which in turn positively affects their educational and motivational support to students. However, supervisors’ educational and motivational support is inversely related to their perception of students’ soft skills and is also affected by the technological tools used. In short, supervision styles are not static since different contextual factors affect the management of the process of supervision. The implications for UD supervision are discussed, and some recommendations are proposed in the article.

Analysis of the Importance of Enhancing the Qualifications of Biology Teachers as Professional Educators in the 21st Century Digital Era

In the ever-evolving digital era of the 21st century, the realm of education stands at the precipice of transformation. This comprehensive review synthesizes a series of scholarly articles that delve into the pivotal role of enhancing teacher qualifications in shaping a dynamic and effective pedagogical landscape. The synthesis encompasses multifaceted dimensions, each contributing to the symphony of educational excellence. Academic qualifications, pedagogical strategies, and nurturing relationships emerge as foundational pillars, while the fusion of technology, pedagogy, and content knowledge (TPACK) underpins innovative teaching approaches. The review further illuminates the significance of Industry 4.0 expertise, emphasizing the necessity of special qualifications to navigate the evolving digital milieu. Training emerges as a crucible for forging comprehensive competencies, including pedagogical, professional, personal, and social dimensions, while positive work behavior enriches the educational tapestry with values and ethics. Adequate welfare and lifelong learning converge to empower educators, catalyzing optimal performance and nurturing a culture of continuous growth. This synthesis underscores the transformative potential of educator qualifications and competencies, offering insights that resonate with the trajectory of modern education and shape the future of learning.

Pedagogising Virtual Reality Technology

Digital technology has increasingly influenced all areas of education, including higher education, with subject-specific technologies developed for professional contexts alongside general communication and collaboration tools. This article draws on a case study conducted in a bachelor programme within building construction design in Denmark, tracking how teachers converted technical knowledge about virtual reality into teaching practice. This transformation process has crystallised different pedagogies, even within the same course. One pedagogical aim was for students to learn to use virtual reality (VR) as a professional competence, while another was to use VR as a tool for learning subject content (building design). This case study raises general issues regarding teachers' use of technology for teaching, addressed in the research tradition of technological, pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK). However, to delve deeper into the educational transformation processes, this article adds an educational sociological perspective, including concepts from Legitimation Code Theory (LCT). With this background, this article raises new questions about the TPACK concept and discusses how the technological knowledge domains in the TPACK model can be differentiated to reflect various digital technologies and their functions, particularly in professional education.

21st Century chemistry teacher: Analysis of TPACK of pre-service chemistry teachers in teachers college

This research is aimed to analyze chemistry pre-service teachers' profile of the TPACK (Technology Pedagogy and Content Knowledge) competencies in Teachers College. The method used in this study was a mixed method using TPACK’s questionnaire and interview. This study revealed that Content Knowledge (CK), Technology Knowledge (TK), Pedagogy Knowledge (PK), Pedagogy Content Knowledge (PCK), and Technology Pedagogy Knowledge (TPK) components of TPACK of pre-service teachers are excellent. The Technology Content Knowledge (TCK) component needs to be improved throughout training courses that enabled the pre-service teacher to utilize, design, and apply various chemistry-based computer applications. The component of TPACK will continue to develop with the support of institutions and teaching experience. Strengthening the components of TPACK is important for a chemistry teacher to embrace 21st century learning.

Information and communication technologies in physical education: Exploring the association between role modeling and digital literacy

Teacher educators should serve as role models in terms of information and communication technologies (ICTs) use to promote digital literacy of future teachers. To analyze the association between role modeling by teacher educators and preservice teachers’ digital literacy and ICT integration intention in their classrooms, 185 physical education (PE) preservice teachers in the German federal state of Baden-Württemberg completed an online questionnaire of self-assessed technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge (TPACK) and ICT integration. The results of regression models revealed a positive association between content knowledge and pedagogical knowledge (PK) and overall intent to integrate ICT into teaching. The results further indicated that the impact of role modeling on preservice teachers varies depending on the chosen ICT. In this paper, we discuss the implications of these findings for higher education in general and for PE in particular.

Relationship between Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) and Technology Integration Self Efficacy (TISE) of Biology Teachers

High school biology teachers' good TPACK and TISE abilities will affect students' Biology learning outcomes. This study aims to determine the TPACK and TISE abilities of high school biology teachers in Banda Aceh City. this research is a survey research with a quantitative approach with a correlational design. The population in this study were all high school biology teachers in Banda Aceh City and using the total sampling method, the total sample was 49 high school biology teachers. Data collection was carried out by means of questionnaires, interviews and observations. The TPACK questionnaire contains 36 question items and the TISE questionnaire contains 28 question items. For interviews there are 25 question items. TPACK observations contain 28 observation items and TISE contains 14 observation items. For correlation values between TPACK and TISE, the Pearson Product Moment correlation formula is used. Based on the results of the study, it is known that there is a significant and positive correlation between the TPACK and TISE abilities of biology teachers at public high schools in Banda Aceh City

Analysis of online assignments designed by chemistry teachers based on their knowledge and self-regulation

Abstract Learners’ independence and self-regulated learning (SRL) may be achieved by online teaching, promoting learners’ 21st century skills. Transitioning into online learning and teaching requires a variety of teachers’ knowledge types and competencies. Mapping these knowledge types with a dedicated tool can help improve teachers’ professional development processes to enhance the SRL of teachers and subsequently students. We aimed at investigating the types of knowledge chemistry teachers expressed in online assignments they had designed, which included guidelines to foster their students’ SRL, and reviewing their reflections upon implementing these assignments. The participants were 20 high school chemistry teachers, who took part in two professional development programs focusing on fostering students’ SRL skills in online assignments, the teachers had designed. Research tools included teachers’ online assignments and teachers’ written reflections. We analyzed the assignments using a special rubric, which consists of three types of teachers’ knowledge: technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK), assessment knowledge (AK), and SRL. Findings show that the analysis rubric of online assignments, designed by teachers, enabled identifying various teacher knowledge types and their levels. The use of a validated rubric for mapping and assessing teachers’ knowledge types is a methodical contribution to research on chemistry teachers’ professional development.

Emerging TPACK & Digitalization in Education for Sustainable Development: Voices of Secondary Education Teachers

One of the frameworks used nowadays to incorporate technology into the teaching and learning process is technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK). The investigation of teachers' TPACK, specifically their comprehension, process, and obstacles in a classroom context, has not received much research, though. In order to better understand TPACK and digitalization in the secondary education classroom, this study will examine it from the viewpoints of teachers. The information was gathered from three teachers who were at Thursina IIBS Malang, East Java, Indonesia. The study's methodology included a qualitative study. The researchers used a triangulation of data sources, including interviews, observations, and documents, to collect their responses. The verbatim transcriptions of the interviews data were followed by a thematic analysis. The results of the current study reveal four key issues, including teachers' understanding of TPACK, the acquisition of TPACK, teacher perceived level of digital literacy and teachers' challenges with TPACK. The teachers utilized a variety of ways to acquire TPACK, and they had different perspectives on TPACK. However, applying TPACK presented many benefits for the teachers. The results of this study may have an impact on how teachers should proceed with their professional development.

Exploring Tutor Experiences of 21st Century Skills during and after COVID-19: An ODeL Case Study

In this study, the researchers argue that the changes in 21st-century socio-economic and educational environments have significantly determined the requisite tutor skills in the 21st century. With the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, knowledge of technology education has become an additional determinant for effective teaching in a 21st-century environment. This study aimed to interrogate tutor experiences concerning teaching approaches and pedagogies adopted during this period. The pedagogical expectations now demand that tutors integrate technology into teaching as well as transform the traditional teacher-centred to a learner-centred pedagogy. It is imperative that tutors should not only embrace pedagogical strategies involving ICT but also align the teaching-learning strategies to subject knowledge. A qualitative exploratory approach was employed for this study with a sample of five part-time tutors and two Tutor Coordinators who were purposefully selected to be interviewed online following an open-ended interview schedule. The study was anchored on the following questions: What were tutors’ teaching experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic, and how did they transition to online tuition? The findings depict the need for comprehensive training of tutors on digital literacy, combined with integrating pedagogical and disciplinary knowledge. The researchers applied the Technological, Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) model as the theoretical lens to interpret the data. The findings should contribute towards bridging the literature gap but also equip the 21st-century tutor with the requisite skills for the complex teaching and learning environment dictated by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Investigation of Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) Competencies of University Students

Just as technology has entered every aspect of our lives today, it has significantly changed the fields of art and graphic design as well. Developing technologies and new teaching approaches have also affected fine arts education and therefore the students studying in this field. The aim of this study is to examine the Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) competencies of students studying at the Faculty of Fine Arts. The study, which was conducted with the survey model, was conducted with the participation of 212 students studying at the Faculty of Fine Arts of Necmettin Erbakan University and Selçuk University in the 2022-2023 academic year. According to the findings of the study, the TPACK competencies of the students of the Faculty of Fine Arts are at medium level. The technological knowledge of the participant students differs according to their gender. The technological knowledge of male students was found to be significantly higher. In the study, TPACK competencies of the students showed significant differences according to their grade and achievement levels. Students in 3rd and 4th grades were found to have high TPACK competence compared to students in lower grades. Again, students with high achievement level obtained high TPACK scores compared to their middle and low achieving peers.