Technological Equipment Research Articles

Robust Solid–Solid Phase Change Coating Encapsulated Glass Fiber Fabric with Electromagnetic Interference Shielding for Thermal Management and Message Encryption

AbstractElectromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding composites with both thermal response/management functions and message transfer/encryption behavior are ideal for use in fields such as aerospace, construction engineering, and military equipment. In this work, a self‐cross‐linking supramolecular solid–solid phase change polyethylene glycol (ScPEG) coating is prepared based on multiple hydrogen bonds, which is used for encapsulating glass fiber fabric (GFF) modified with silver nanowires (AgNWs). The solid–solid phase change coating is obtained through the hydrolysis‐condensation of PEG with a reactive silanol end group. Polyethylene glycol molecular chains can store and release heat by switching between the crystalline and amorphous state. The silanol groups can form supramolecular networks through the physical cross‐linking of multiple hydrogen bonds, resulting in an excellent thermal stability. In particular, hydrogen bonds between ScPEG and AgNW‐modified GFF (A‐GFF) enhance interfacial interactions, and the resulting robust structure enables an efficient stress transfer. ScPEG‐coated A‐GFF can achieve a tensile strength of up to 191 MPa and a tunable EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of 40 to 72 dB depending on the number of fabric layers. Moreover, the fabric exhibits a flexible thermal response characteristic, an outstanding thermal management capability, and potential message encryption behavior.

Dynamic pupillometry system

The phenomena of miosis (constriction) and mydriasis (dilation) of the pupil are exhibited in response to varying levels of light intensity cast upon the eye. In general, the size and responsiveness of the human pupil are under the regulatory purview of the nervous system. Consequently, the study of the pupil offers a means to discern potential abnormalities in the human organism, as it permits an assessment of the nervous system’s behavior. However, the comprehension of pupillary dynamics remains incomplete in certain facets, and methodologies for enhancing diagnostic precision continue to evolve, primarily contingent upon current technological equipment advancements. Thus, the imperative lies in the advancement of technologies that meet these research needs, as the scrutiny of pupillary responses holds the capability to detect anomalies within the human body. Hence, the objective of this endeavor is to conduct preliminary trials of a dynamic pupillometry system, designed to both stimulate and capture images of human pupils, facilitating an investigation into their behavioral patterns. The findings elucidate various pupillary parameters and reveal significant alterations in pupillary conduct, thereby contributing to the advancement of research and technologies within the realm of pupillometry. Thus, this study undertakes an innovative exploration into pupillometry, particularly regarding stimuli of varying wavelengths, thereby providing improvements on the diagnostic, prognostic and preventive capacity with heightened reliability, given the pupil’s size and its reactions cannot be manipulated or falsified since they are involuntary.

Özel Yetenekli Öğrencilerde Fiziksel Aktivitenin Çok Yönlü Boyutlarının İncelenmesi

At the stage of supporting students with special abilities in physical activities, those who learn in a more kinesthetic way can demonstrate high-level abilities with the potential to do so through education and/or tactile learning. Students with special abilities exhibit excellent characteristics in one or more of the following areas when examined by the physical activity dimension. Physical area: physiological predisposition to succeed in a particular sport or activity; competence and fitness to perform physical activities, has a strong awareness of his body. Social area: Excellent in leadership, teamwork, initiative and similar characteristics; willingness to share the enthusiasm and passions of others, has self-confidence in showing his talent. Personal space: Enthusiastic and passionate, high self-regulation capacity, self-discipline, strong time management skills, high self-belief, goal-oriented, challenging, excellent inner front group owner, highly motivated to achieve personal best and skillful in mastering skills. Cognitive area: Planning ability is at a high level, understands and has knowledge of physical / sports-related concepts, has the ability to make decisions under pressure. Field of creativity: Gives fluent, original and sensitive responses to difficulties. The skills that students with special abilities exhibit in the field of sports talent are as follows: Having more advanced agility, balance and coordination than their peers. Being fast, which is an innate characteristic and usually distinguishes "exceptional" athletes. The ability to combine his movements fluidly, Decently and accurately. An unusual interest in learning sports rules or activities and mastery in this area. A high level of willingness to master physical skills. Applying the combination of physical skills and cognitive abilities in the right way at the right time in sports/game/activity skills. An interest in teaching a skill or concept to others. Outstanding leadership qualities in the context of sports or activity. Special talented people not only take pride in performing well, they actively engage with others and help peers and teammates to play well. In order to support students with special abilities in physical activities; regular physical education activities, regular aerobic programs, supports with smart boards or similar interactive technological equipment, interactive sports and games, nature trips with active participation, opportunities to teach physical skills to others, adding multi-media resources (such as computers, videos, software programs, presentations, visuals) can be useful in practitioners' programs (teacher presentations and student presentations). Key Words: Special Ability, Special Ability Students, Physical Activity

Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment: An Index System for Building Energy Retrofit Projects

As a major contributor to global energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, the building sector is crucial in shaping energy and climate change policies. Understanding building energy consumption is essential for developing effective policies, and comprehensive datasets and analyses are increasingly important. This paper outlines a structured methodology for developing a sustainability assessment index for building energy efficiency retrofits throughout a building’s life cycle, covering the design, construction, use, and out-of-use phases. It highlights the interdependencies among these phases, with the design plan influencing energy efficiency and material selection, the construction plan ensuring these goals are met, and the plans for energy management, demolition, and resource recovery focusing on sustainable practices. The keys to energy-efficient retrofits are sustainable materials, energy-efficient equipment, and green technologies, which help reduce energy consumption, emissions, and operating costs. Oversight and regulation are necessary to maintain standards. This research combines a literature review, surveys, interviews, the Delphi method, and an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to develop a comprehensive evaluation system, categorizing 20 factors across a building’s life cycle and assigning weights based on environmental, economic, and social dimensions. The system provides a scientific basis for assessing the sustainability of energy efficiency programs, validated through consistency testing.

Investigation on the electro-magneto-thermoviscoelastic response of multilayer rotating hollow cylinder based on two-temperature theory and fractional-order viscoelastic systems

Hollow cylinder structures play a crucial role in scientific experiment and industrial production, and are widely used in various fields, including pipeline transportation of gases and liquids, high-speed engines, porous combustors, and other engineering equipments. As a result, they have garnered considerable academic interest over the years. However, as science and technology progress, studying hollow cylinders under a single physical field is no longer sufficient for real-world applications. Additionally, the classical viscoelastic model has become inadequate in accurately describing complex materials with properties that fall between elasticity and viscosity. Therefore, this article investigates the electro-magneto-thermoviscoelastic coupling behavior of an infinitely long rotating multilayer homogeneous hollow cylindrical conductor. In this study, based on the fractional-order three-phase lag thermoelasticity theory, the fractional-order viscoelastic system and the two-temperature theory are introduced to further increase the accuracy of the model. To solve the corresponding equations, the Laplace transform technique is employed, resulting in solutions with dimensionless physical quantities. Graphs and tables are used to make relevant comparisons and assess the effects of time, material layering properties, different thermoelastic theoretical models, fractional-order parameters and angular velocity on the considered physical quantities. Finally, the numerical results are discussed to reveal the dynamic response of a homogeneous multilayered hollow cylinder under the complex coupling of multiple physical fields.

Research on synchronized multi-channel data acquisition technology for micro-vibration testing equipment

Research on synchronized multi-channel data acquisition technology for micro-vibration testing equipment

The Role of ICT’s in Madrasa Education: Opportunities and Challenges

Technology plays a vital role in student's academic achievement at every level. The purpose of this study was to find the role of ICT in Madrasa education; opportunities and challenges. The study was descriptive in nature; hence, data collected through survey method. The population of the study was all madrasa students of Bahawalpur City. A sample from the population was selected using two-stage cluster random sampling. The total sample size was 365 students. Data was collected by using a self-structured, close-ended questionnaire. The questionnaire was evaluated by field experts. The data collected from survey was analyzed using SPSS software (version 29). Descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage were used to analyze the acquired data. According to findings of the study, ICT significantly improves students' academic performance, enhances their learning experiences and aids in effective problem solving. It was originated that technology encourage independent learning, increases access to educational resources and bridges the gap between Islamic and Western educational systems. However, students face considerable challenges, particularly due to insufficient technological resources and equipment in madrasas. Additionally, concerns were raised about the misuse and over-reliance on technology. It was recommended that technology should be provided in Madrasa’s. Professional trainers should be employed in all madrasa to teach the students that how to use technology in useful way for their learning.

Biomimetic 3D-printed Composites: Ballistic Impact Resistance with Nacre-Inspired and Tubulane Structures

This research delves into nature-inspired designs for creating materials with exceptional impact resistance, leveraging cutting-edge 3D printing techniques. Our composite design features a nacre-like outer layer combined with a tubulane-resembling core, aiming to enhance energy dissipation significantly. By emulating the dense aragonite structure found in natural nacre and the unique porosity of tubulane, to enhance ballistic impact resistance. To validate its effectiveness, we conducted ballistics tests using a 40-grain lead-tipped .22 LR bullet at an initial velocity of 330.7 m/s, with a specialized chronograph setup to measure both initial and post-penetration bullet velocities, quantifying energy absorption precisely. This study opens new frontiers in aviation safety, structural engineering, and personal protective equipment, showcasing the transformative potential of biomimicry and additive manufacturing in advancing public safety and material science.

XXVII МНТК “Геофорум-2024”

Information about the next, traditional, annual International Scientific and Technical Conference “Geoforum-2024” (April 10-12, 2024, Lviv-Bryukhovychi), organized as always by the Western Geodetic Society of UTGC. The conference featured a ceremonial opening, plenary and sectional meetings, presentations, a professional exhibition of geodetic and photogrammetric equipment and modern technologies, as well as scientific and educational literature. A round table was held dedicated to the 20th anniversary of the USK 2000 DGM and the development of the national geodetic reference system. The resolution adopted by the “Geoforum-2024” ISTC is aimed at solving urgent problems in the field. Participants included specialists from various regions of Ukraine and abroad.

Analysis of home thermal energy conservation and green environment design based on intelligent devices and optical image monitoring

Global climate change and energy crisis are becoming increasingly serious, and household energy consumption occupies a certain proportion in the overall energy consumption. The purpose of this study is to analyze thermal energy use in home environment through intelligent devices and optical image monitoring technology, so as to achieve effective energy conservation and environmental optimization design. In this paper, intelligent sensors and optical image monitoring equipment are used to monitor and collect the thermal energy consumption of different households in real time. At the same time, data analysis technology is used to deeply analyze the heat flow, heat loss and equipment use efficiency in the home. The study compares the effect of traditional energy-saving methods and intelligent monitoring technology. After implementing targeted optimization design through intelligent monitoring equipment, the overall thermal energy saving rate is higher, and the comfort level and green index of the home environment are significantly improved. The results show that intelligent equipment and optical image monitoring technology show a good application prospect in home thermal energy saving. Through accurate monitoring and data analysis, heat energy waste can be effectively identified, so as to take corresponding measures to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction, and promote the landing of green environmental design.

Competitive position of sand-lime bricks in the domestic market, threats and opportunities for manufacturers

The problem of assessing the prospects of silicate bricks in the domestic market of small wall materials is discussed. The solution to this problem is based on the results of the analysis of the market situation, consumer preferences and competitiveness of silicate bricks. It is shown that in the period from 2014 to 2021 due to the stronger competitive position of autoclaved aerated concrete blocks and face ceramic bricks, the capacity of the market of silicate bricks decreased, its production volume and share in the structure of consumption of small-piece wall materials. The results of marketing research conducted on the basis of online questionnaires of respondents are presented, according to which the majority of respondents consider face ceramic bricks to be the material that best meets their requirements in terms of quality and appearance. The calculations showed that despite the fact that ceramic bricks have almost equal positions in terms of technical parameters and worse positions in terms of aesthetics, the most competitive material is, nevertheless, silicate bricks, which have a relatively low price. A number of threats for silicate brick producers include a decrease in demand for products, a high degree of wear and tear of technological equipment, dependence on foreign supplies of pigments, spare parts and components for equipment, insufficient level of professional competence of the personnel, etc. It is expected that in the future a number of manufacturers of sand-lime bricks will have to face the following challenges. It is assumed that in the future the ordinary silicate bricks will apparently “leave” the construction market, in connection with which manufacturers will have to focus on improving the quality and aesthetic parameters of facial silicate bricks while maintaining an attractive price for consumers.

On the Issue of Assigning Dynamic Characteristics of Engineering Equipment in Designing of High-Precision Production

This paper provides a review of the regulatory framework of the permissible value of the vibration level depending on the accuracy of the equipment, a review of the problem of the influence of vibration on the operation of high-precision equipment. Based on the results of the analysis of the identified problem, a lack of initial data from manufacturers of vibration sources in terms of vibration characteristics was identified, and a solution was proposed to obtain the necessary parameters for frequency analysis.

Использование новых видов технологической оснастки при изготовлении нежестких плоскостных алюминиевых деталей методом волновых технологий

It has been suggested that wave technologies in non-rigid plane parts production should be used with the introduction of ultrasonic range vibrations into the shaping zone in combination with technological equipment, i.e. it is- a zero-base system. The traditional technique used in domestic enterprises implies a high probability of out-of-flat conditions and deformations due to the influence of technological residual stresses (TRS) in the process of stock removal or force stresses under plastic deformation of the part when fixing blanks. Using modern universal software systems such as Simulia Abaqus, ANSYS, etc., it was possible to determine the magnitude of deformations, aligment errors caused by residual stresses. The data obtained were used to calculate rational ways for fixing some typical non-rigid plane aluminum blanks on a technological equipment - a zero-based system of German production SCHUNKVERO–SAviation (VSA). The research was aimed at determining the manufacturability for the use of such equipment when making a particular non-rigid blank made of aluminum alloys and finding the most optimal way of its fixing. The estimated values of the TRS were determined by mechanical and X-ray methods. The calculations were performed using real parts of aircraft equipment of the "beam" type and blanks made of aluminum rolled products. The proposed method for determining the maximum amount of deformation of the workpiece under machining is applicable to the most optimal placement of the support and clamping modules of the zero-based system (VSA). In combination with a certain strategy of wave mechanical processing, it makes a practically complete compensation for deformations possible and allows obtaining a suitable product from the first presentation without performing an additional correction operation.

Інноваційний розвиток як чинник підвищення конкурентоспроможності підприємств

In today’s world, innovation is a critical factor in the successful development of companies, national economies, and the global community in general. Therefore, they attract much attention from governments, businesses, and scientific and educational institutions, which actively support and stimulate the processes of innovative activity. Innovations play an essential role in the economic development of society because they contribute to increased productivity, competitiveness, and the general standard of living, which stimulate the growth of production, the improvement of technology, the improvement of working conditions, and many other benefits. Competitiveness is the criterion that most fully reflects the efficiency of the economic entity. Practice shows that solving the task of increasing competitiveness causes significant difficulties. For many enterprises in today’s economic conditions, it has become a problem due to the need for a clear strategy, financial and economic goals, and organization criteria. In the current situation, for successful competition, enterprises must not only update technologies and technological equipment, study the domestic and foreign markets, and conduct marketing research, as well as identify the opportunities, weaknesses, and vulnerabilities of competitors, but also influence their competitiveness and determine its main directions. Innovation is crucial in developing and adapting business models, enabling businesses to remain competitive in a rapidly changing world. Integrating new technologies and approaches can significantly improve process efficiency, reduce costs, and create new market opportunities. In fierce competition and technological innovations, the winners will be those enterprises that can quickly analyze business models, choose the best one for themselves, and implement it effectively. To effectively implement an innovative business model within the existing business, it is necessary to evaluate new critical success factors, develop a new value system, and develop new business processes, organizational structure, and corporate culture. Keywords: development, innovation, enterprise, competitiveness, resources.

Microstructure evolution and property characteristics in hot-pressed Mo-W-Cu refractory functional alloys with varying tungsten content

Mo-W-Cu refractory functional alloys (RFAs), combining property advantages of MoCu and WCu alloys, have great application potential in microelectronics, aerospace technology, and military equipment due to their excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, low coefficient of thermal expansion, and high-temperature properties. W content in the alloy is a key factor influencing these properties. However, there is a lack of systematic investigation on the microstructure and properties of hot pressing (HP) processed Mo-W-Cu RFAs with different W contents these days. In this study, Mo-W-20Cu alloys with varying W content of 0–50 wt% RFAs are prepared by mechanical activation (MA) followed by hot pressing. The effect of W content on the microstructure and properties of the alloy is investigated in detail. The results show that all Mo-W-Cu RFAs mainly consist of Mo phase, W phase, and Cu phase after adding W. The microstructure observation shows that the Cu powder particles undergo a plastic deformation during the HP processing, resulting in the closure of the pores and the good metallurgical bonding with Mo phase and W phase at a relatively low temperature. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) determination indicates that the MoCu phase interface and that of WCu both possess a semi-coherent structure. The property measurements demonstrate that the electrical and thermal conductivity properties of Mo-W-Cu RFAs continuously increase with W content rising while the relative densities of all the alloys are over 94 %. This study can provide a valuable theoretical and technological guidance for the investigation on preparation, microstructure, and properties of high-performance RFAs.

Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods for the determination of the residual quantities of ramipril and hydrochlorothiazide for controlling the cleaning of equipment

Monitoring the completeness of equipment cleaning is essential to prevent cross-contamination of medicinal products. Therefore, it is necessary to develop fast and sensitive methods for studying residual quantities of active ingredients on the surfaces of technological equipment. The aim of the work was to develop and validate analytical methods for the determination of ramipril and hydrochlorothiazide in wash waters by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method. Materials and methods. In the study, standard samples of ramipril (USP RS) and hydrochlorothiazide (USP RS), as well as class A reagents, were used. Samples were analysed on a liquid chromatograph with an MS detector (Agilent 6420 and Waters Xevo TQD ACQUITY). We used the Kinetex C18 column (2.1 mm × 30 mm × 1.7 μm); mobile phase – 0.1% formic acid solution in deionised water – Acetonitrile (ratio 73:27 for the determination of ramipril and 91.5:8.5 for the determination of hydrochlorothiazide); mobile phase rate of 0.4 mL/min for the determination of ramipril and 0.35 mL/min for the determination of hydrochlorothiazide; column temperature 45 °C for the determination of ramipril and 40 °C for the determination of hydrochlorothiazide, ionisation mode - electric spray in positive mode; The detection parameters are the mode of registration of the daughter ion 417 → 234 m/z for the determination of ramipril and 298 → 281 m/z for the determination of hydrochlorothiazide. Results and discussion. Methods for the determination of ramipril and hydrochlorothiazide in wash waters by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry have been developed. The developed methods have sufficient linearity, correctness and precision. The sensitivity of the techniques was confirmed at the level of 0.0026 μg/ml. The techniques can be used in the concentration range of 0.0026 – 0.0255 μg/ml Conclusions. Analytical methods for determining ramipril and hydrochlorothiazide in wash waters have been developed and validated.

The Metal Magnetic Memory Method and Its Application for Early Detection of Stress Zones in NPP Piping

The policy of each NPP is to ensure safe production of electrical energy as well as security of supply. It is known that stress concentration (SC) zones, in which corrosion, fatigue and brittle processes develop most intensively, are the main sources for the occurrence of failures in operational structures. In this paper the method of magnetic memory of metal (MMM method) is discussed. This method was developed in order to conduct an early diagnosis of the condition of the metal of the technological equipment. The method is new and has not yet been studied in depth. The article presents the essence of the method, equipment and scheme of scanning the object. The method was applied to perform a pipeline test of NPP equipment. The results are given and verified. The aim of the article is to present the application of the Metal magnetic memory method in practical terms for performing technical diagnostics of the equipment in NPPs.

Experimental investigation on the thermal performance of a large-size aluminum vapor chamber for multi-point heat sources

Abstract With the development of electronic information technology, the integration and power of electronic equipment continue to increase. As an efficient heat transfer element, vapor chambers are widely used in the field of heat dissipation of electronic devices. However, greater challenges have been posed in terms of higher heat dissipation capacity, larger size, and lighter weight. Therefore, a large-scale aluminum vapor chamber with a size of 340 mm×295 mm ×7.5 mm is designed for the heat dissipation of multi-point array heat sources. Multiple parallel porous ribs are sintered to form capillary wicking channels and vapor diffusion paths, which efficiently transfer the heat from the middle of the vapor chamber to the cold plate on the two sides. The transient working characteristics and heat dissipation performance under different working conditions are experimentally investigated. The results show that there is obvious temperature instability, which can be suppressed by the tilt of the vapor chamber and the increase of the heating power. Under the tilt condition, the temperature rises in the vertical direction due to the influence of gravity, while the inclination angle has basically no effect. The vapor chamber can work stably at the total heating power of 2100 W with the smallest thermal resistance 0.03 °C/W. The single-point heat flux can reach 7.3W/cm2 for the 128 heat sources. Compared to a traditional vapor chamber, the proposed aluminum vapor chamber provides a thermal management solution for large-size electronic devices with multiple heat sources.

Comprehensive assessment of waste heat recovery mismatch and renewable energy integration in data centers: A multifaceted energy, economic, and environmental perspectives

The integrated utilization of free cooling sources, waste heat recovery from information technology equipment, and renewable energy emerges as a pivotal method for conserving energy and mitigating carbon emissions in data centers. However, there is limited research on systems that integrate these three technologies. A notable mismatch arises between the waste heat generated and the requirements for building heating, but it is often overlooked. Moreover, a discernible lack of comprehensive analysis concerning the multifaceted influences associated with using renewable energy exists. Therefore, this paper employs a range of metrics to comprehensively assess a renewable energy integration system considering the mismatch of the waste heat recovery in data centers. The results indicate that due to mismatch characteristics, the energy-saving rate of heating systems will not constantly climb with the increase in energy savings. It causes only 45.5% of waste heat available for heating purposes achieving a power usage effectiveness of 1.17 and the rest will be abandoned. Similarly, its economic performance doesn't absolutely improve with the expansion in heating volume, the payback period doesn't continue to fall but increases after reaching the optimal level of 5.7. The proposed system accomplishes a 45.8% reduction in energy consumption for the cooling system, a notable decrease of 90% in carbon emissions, and a 55.7% reduction in annual cash flow. It is also important to note that while integrating battery systems aids in stabilizing grid disturbances, with a minimum disturbance index of 0.2, it introduces significant economic costs for the data centers.

Meeting the challenge of mitigating Li-ion battery fires for aviation

The aviation industry faces a pressing challenge in reducing its environmental footprint, especially with the projected growth in global passenger traffic. Electrification and more-electric aircraft, particularly through Lithium-ion Battery (LiB) systems, offers a promising pathway to reduce emissions but introduces significant safety concerns, particularly regarding thermal runaway (TR) events. This prospective paper examines the unique challenges posed by aviation environments for developing safe LiB systems. It discusses multifaceted mitigation approaches, integrating fire containment structures with advanced thermal management and fire protection technologies. Various cooling technologies and fire suppression agents are explored for their effectiveness in extinguishing LiB fires and mitigating thermal runaway propagation. Integrated LiB suppression systems are proposed to combine fire containment, suppression, and thermal management functionalities for achieving the demanding specific energy density levels that will be required. Scaling safe LiB pack solutions for commercial aviation requires coordinated efforts among regulators, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), engineers, and researchers to establish standardized design criteria, develop validated modeling tools, and establish rigorous certification testing requirements. In conclusion, addressing the safety concerns of large LiB packs in aircraft applications requires a holistic, integrated approach. This paper provides insights into current research, identifies key challenges, and outlines future directions for advancing LiB safety in aviation.