Variety Of Technologies Research Articles

Production Technologies for Recombinant Antibodies: Insights into Eukaryotic, Prokaryotic, and Transgenic Expression Systems.

Recombinant antibodies, a prominent class of recombinant proteins, are witnessing substantial growth in research and diagnostics. Recombinant antibodies are being produced employing diverse hosts ranging from highly complex eukaryotes, for instance, mammalian cell lines (and insects, fungi, yeast, etc.) to unicellular prokaryotic models like gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. This review delves into these production methods, highlighting approaches like antibody phage display that employs bacteriophages for gene library creation. Recent studies emphasize monoclonal antibody generation through hybridoma technology, utilizing hybridoma cells from myeloma and B-lymphocytes. Transgenic plants and animals have emerged as sources for polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, with transgenic animals preferred due to their human-like post-translational modifications and reduced immunogenicity risk. Chloroplast expression offers environmental safety by preventing transgene contamination in pollen. Diverse production technologies, such as stable cell pools and clonal cell lines, are available, followed by purification via techniques like affinity chromatography. The burgeoning applications of recombinant antibodies in medicine have led to their large-scale industrial production.

System interoperability and data linkage in the era of health information management: A bibliometric analysis.

Background: Across the world, health data generation is growing exponentially. The continuous rise of new and diversified technology to obtain and handle health data places health information management and governance under pressure. Lack of data linkage and interoperability between systems undermines best efforts to optimise integrated health information technology solutions. Objective: This research aimed to provide a bibliometric overview of the role of interoperability and linkage in health data management and governance. Method: Data were acquired by entering selected search queries into Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science databases and bibliometric data obtained were then imported to Endnote and checked for duplicates. The refined data were exported to Excel, where several levels of filtration were applied to obtain the final sample. These sample data were analysed using Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corporation, Washington, USA), WORDSTAT (Provalis Research, Montreal, Canada) and VOSviewer software (Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands). Results: The literature sample was retrieved from 3799 unique results and consisted of 63 articles, present in 45 different publications, both evaluated by two specific in-house global impact rankings. Through VOSviewer, three main clusters were identified: (i) e-health information stakeholder needs; (ii) e-health information quality assessment; and (iii) e-health information technological governance trends. A residual correlation between interoperability and linkage studies in the sample was also found. Conclusion: Assessing stakeholders' needs is crucial for establishing an efficient and effective health information system. Further and diversified research is needed to assess the integrated placement of interoperability and linkage in health information management and governance. Implications: This research has provided valuable managerial and theoretical contributions to optimise system interoperability and data linkage within health information research and information technology solutions.

Opportunities and challenges in new production systems for salmon farming in Norway—Industry perspective

The Norwegian salmon farming industry is characterized by an increasing technological diversity with new production systems emerging. The objective of this paper is to provide knowledge about challenges and opportunities with new production systems as perceived by industry representatives with hands-on experience. Interviews and workshops with fish farmers and suppliers illustrate that even though environmental issues concerning salmon lice, escapes, and diseases can be reduced, and in some cases solved, new challenges might arise. Semi-closed containment and land-based system concerns pertained to water quality and fish welfare, while exposed and offshore systems were more concerned about harsh conditions and their effects on fish, structures, and work operations. However, possibilities for beneficial new production strategies, the potential for a more stable production environment, and increased biosecurity are seen as important advantages. These findings provide valuable perspectives for industry, technology suppliers, and regulators moving forward.

Removal of pollutants from pharmaceutical wastewater through electrofenton membrane bioreactor (EFMBR)

The treatment of effluent with diversified membrane technology related processes is not satisfying due to its own disadvantages and as a result the standard limits prescribed could not be met. This research work mainly focuses on the elimination of impediments associated with membrane bioreactors (MBRs). The irreversible fouling was found to greatly reduce by the addition of electrochemical pre-treatment processes with MBR. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) are the majorly considered water parameters and they are evaluated in the case of integrated electro-fenton membrane bioreactor (EFMBR), which is a hybrid technology comprising of electro-fenton pretreatment process with ozonation and MBR technology. This is proved to be highly effective with an excellent reduction percentage of 92 % COD and 50 % TDS respectively. Gas chromatography (GC) analysis of the pharmaceutical effluent upon treatment in EFMBR justified the quantitative reduction of pharmaceutical compounds. The results obtained on experimentation of EFMBR clearly indicated that there is a little internal and external fouling which is significantly proved through Hermia modelling and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. The most eminent result obtained in this study were the efficacy of EFMBR to operate without the issue of filamentous bulking and it supported that electro-fenton could have played the major role for the achievement of eradicating fouling in EFMBR. The results obtained from this process gives an insight to researchers to overcome the irreversible fouling in industrial and municipal water treatment. The outcome of this study shows the insightful way employing this technology in water treatment industries could highly reduce the environmental problems.

Global primary aluminum smelters' CO2 mitigation potential and targeted carbon-neutral pathways

The expansion of aluminum smelter capacity generates high CO2 emissions, exhibiting spatiotemporal diversity due to diverse processing routes and technologies. Despite extensive discussions on macro abatement options, facility-specific mitigation potentials and decarbonization strategies remain unclear, which cumulatively affects the progress towards global 1.5 °C and 2 °C warming control targets. This study develops a carbon footprint inventory of 163 primary aluminum smelters in 2022 and analyzes current emission structures concerning location, age, production, and input-output. Then adjust available technologies and efficiencies to match global plant-level decarbonization routes. The potential contributions of each strategy are finally quantified, accounting for significant geographic variations in emissions, thereby supplementing tailored technology transformation pathways for smelters across nine focus regions. The results show that: (1) Young smelters, predominantly in developing regions, are crucial for abatement. Rapid retrofits ahead could save CO2 budgets by 0.6–28.56 Gt, potentially delaying excess emissions under climate targets, particularly with comprehensive retrofits. (2) The paramount technical retrofitting for carbon neutrality differs regionally and evolves. Smelters in developing countries should prioritize renewable energy investment in the immediate future, succeeded by the optimization of power generation infrastructures. To liberate more emission allowances, developed countries ought to contemplate the decommissioning of aged smelters or upgrading through emerging supply-side technologies. (3) Available retrofits can facilitate the aluminum industry's contribution to the 2 °C climate target, whereas addressing the 1.5 °C target will necessitate the adoption of more innovative technologies and materials. This paper endeavors to assist global and regional smelters in developing more targeted decarbonization pathways.

An Evolutionary Game-Based Regulatory Path for Algorithmic Price Discrimination in E-Commerce Platforms

With the advent of big data, the swift advancement of diverse algorithmic technologies has enhanced the transaction efficiency of the e-commerce business. Nevertheless, it is crucial to acknowledge that e-commerce platforms might employ algorithmic technology to enforce differential pricing for various consumers with the aim of maximizing profits, thus infringing upon the lawful rights and interests of consumers. This paper focuses on the algorithmic price discrimination commonly observed on e-commerce platforms. To effectively regulate this behavior, the paper utilizes evolutionary game theory (EGT) to analyze the strategies employed by e-commerce platforms, consumers, and market regulators to achieve stability. This research employs a real-life situation and utilizes parametric simulation to visualize and analyze the process and outcomes of the three-party evolutionary game. The results demonstrate the credibility and feasibility of the article’s findings. Based on our research, we have reached the following findings: During the process of evolution, the strategic decisions made by the game participants from the three parties will mutually impact each other, and various elements exert varying degrees of influence on the strategic choices made by the game participants from each party. Collaborative governance can enable consumers and market regulators to regulate the discriminatory pricing behavior of e-commerce platforms effectively. This article offers valuable insights into the governance of violations in the e-commerce sector based on robust data and model research.

A systematic literature review for load balancing and task scheduling techniques in cloud computing

Cloud computing is an emerging technology composed of several key components that work together to create a seamless network of interconnected devices. These interconnected devices, such as sensors, routers, smartphones, and smart appliances, are the foundation of the Internet of Everything (IoE). Huge volumes of data generated by IoE devices are processed and accumulated in the cloud, allowing for real-time analysis and insights. As a result, there is a dire need for load-balancing and task-scheduling techniques in cloud computing. The primary objective of these techniques is to divide the workload evenly across all available resources and handle other issues like reducing execution time and response time, increasing throughput and fault detection. This systematic literature review (SLR) aims to analyze various technologies comprising optimization and machine learning algorithms used for load balancing and task-scheduling problems in a cloud computing environment. To analyze the load-balancing patterns and task-scheduling techniques, we opted for a representative set of 63 research articles written in English from 2014 to 2024 that has been selected using suitable exclusion-inclusion criteria. The SLR aims to minimize bias and increase objectivity by designing research questions about the topic. We have focused on the technologies used, the merits-demerits of diverse technologies, gaps within the research, insights into tools, forthcoming opportunities, performance metrics, and an in-depth investigation into ML-based optimization techniques.

EXO: A commons-based community network Internet Service Provider, description and subscribers usage patterns

The advent of Wi-Fi in the 1990s stimulated the creation of Community networks (CNs), a new networking paradigm deployed and maintained by their users. The non-profit and grassroots self-organization of CNs has shown significant potential in enhancing communication technologies grounded in ethical values, transcending mere Internet expansion to contribute to broader social impacts. Since its conception, hundreds of CNs have been deployed worldwide. However, many have faltered, primarily due to a lack of solid economic models and legal setup. This paper presents Expansió Xarxa Oberta (eXO) association, a commons Internet Service Provider (ISP). In contrast to commercial ISPs, eXO follows the same grassroots principles of CNs. Establishing a commons-based ISP is challenging, yet it is a key component for the sustainability and success of CNs. Therefore, our paper aims to dissect the complexity of a commons ISP by explaining eXO, a pioneering example that has already been in production for more than 14 years. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a commons ISP is described in all its components.To describe eXO, we have proceeded in two parts. In the first one, we delineate the organizational structure, economics, funding mechanisms, activities, legal framework, and infrastructure. To gain more insight on eXO, in the second part, we conduct a technical analysis of traffic data collected from eXO’s core router, elucidating subscriber usage patterns. Our study encompasses various subscriber categories, including regular and financially subsidized users, Wi-Fi and optical fiber access, and traffic characteristics such as volume, TCP/UDP usage, services accessed, and traffic distribution across countries.

Towards the scalable synthesis of two-dimensional heterostructures and superlattices beyond exfoliation and restacking.

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides, which feature atomically thin geometry and dangling-bond-free surfaces, have attracted intense interest for diverse technology applications, including ultra-miniaturized transistors towards the subnanometre scale. A straightforward exfoliation-and-restacking approach has been widely used for nearly arbitrary assembly of diverse two-dimensional (2D) heterostructures, superlattices and moiré superlattices, providing a versatile materials platform for fundamental investigations of exotic physical phenomena and proof-of-concept device demonstrations. While this approach has contributed importantly to the recent flourishing of 2D materials research, it is clearly unsuitable for practical technologies. Capturing the full potential of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides requires robust and scalable synthesis of these atomically thin materials and their heterostructures with designable spatial modulation of chemical compositions and electronic structures. The extreme aspect ratio, lack of intrinsic substrate and highly delicate nature of the atomically thin crystals present fundamental difficulties in material synthesis. Here we summarize the key challenges, highlight current advances and outline opportunities in the scalable synthesis of transition metal dichalcogenide-based heterostructures, superlattices and moiré superlattices.

Preface

Indonesia is a country rich in demersal and crustacean fish resources (such as snapper, grouper, crab, crab, shrimp, lobster, etc.). The high biodiversity and abundance of this group of fish resources is due to Indonesia has coral reefs, as well as extensive shallow coastal waters. The biodiversity of demersal and crustase fish resources has not been fully managed properly, even though the demersal and crustase fisheries sector contributes greatly to the country’s economy. The challenges faced by demersal and frustrated fisheries are getting tougher, ranging from population decline due to overfishing, environmental/habitat degradation, business aspects after the COVID-19 pandemic, to global issues such as climate change. The trends and scientific status of fisheries resources need to be well understood as a benchmark for scientific development and responding to future challenges. In this case, scientific forums can be one of the necessary vehicles where relevant parties can discuss various challenges, alternative solutions, and important issues that exist today and in the future in the context of developing science and sustainable management of fisheries resources. The Department of Aquatic Resources Management (ARM), Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences (FFMS), IPB University took the initiative to hold the International Seminar on Demersal and Crustacean Fisheries Management (ISDCFM). The seminar was held hybrid at the IPB International Convention Center, Bogor on August 2-3, 2023. The ISDCFM was the first international seminar that emphasizes the direction and strategy of sustainable management, as well as promoting better governance of demersal and crustacean fisheries, by collecting research results in various aspects, from basic to applied science development, down to the policy and trade side. The seminar covers several topics including ecology, habitat, and conservation of the species, product and technology diversification, domestication and cultivation of the species, social-ecological systems and fisheries management, and blue economy fishing industry. The seminar was attended by six keynote speakers, 56 oral presentations, and 11 poster presentations. Presenters come from at least eight countries: Indonesia, United Kingdom, Sri Lanka, Sudan, China, Japan, and Czech Republic. The total participants of this activity were 147 participants, both national and international. Six keynote speakers were experts from various fields, including Dr. Agus Suherman from the Directorate General of Capture Fisheries MMAF, Prof. Dr. Luky Adrianto from the IPB University, Poly Burns from Marine Stewardship Council, Amber von Harten from Sustainable Fisheries Partnership, Dr. Petrus Johannes Mous from Yayasan Konservasi Alam Nusantara, and Kuncoro Catur Nugroho from Indonesian Blue Swimming Crab Association. Many new ideas, insights, methodologies, and state-of-the-art science can be studied and adopted to improve our work in this important area. There have been many interesting and useful presentations in plenary and interactive sessions. Many good experiences have been shared and lessons learned, including in the aspects of ecology, fisheries management, and social economic of demersal and crustacean resources. We would like to take this opportunity to thank all partners, namely the Department of Aquatic Resources Management (ARM IPB University), Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences (FFMS IPB University), Indonesian Blue Swimming Crab Association (APRI), and Indonesian Demersal Association (ADI). Also, we would like to thank all the speakers, reviewers, and the committee for organizing this event and ensuring it runs smoothly. List of Editorial team and Organizing Committees are available in this Pdf.

Aretaic Friendship: A Multidisciplinary Enquiry

Friendship catalyzes personal growth, nurturing excellence, virtue, and spiritual enlightenment. Various forms of friendships offer distinct benefits in specific contexts. This article explores the often-overlooked aretaic friendship, distinguishing it from other friendship types and elucidating its cultivation process. The word aretaic comes from the Greek arete-virtue. This article uses the term aretaic friendship to characterize virtue- and character-based friendships. It considers the physiological, psychological, and societal benefits of friendships, focusing on the unique qualities of aretaic friendships and how they empower individuals to pursue greatness collectively and contribute to a flourishing society. What sets this article apart is the collaborative effort of a multidisciplinary research team comprising scholars from diverse fields, including education, medical science, psychology, information technology, philosophy, and theology.

Improving Lameness Detection in Cows: A Machine Learning Algorithm Application

The deployment of diverse data-generating technologies in livestock farming holds the promise of early disease detection and improved animal well-being. In this paper, we combine routinely collected dairy farm and herd data with weather and high frequency sensor data from 6 farms to predict new lameness events in various future periods, spanning from the following day to 3 weeks. A Random Forest classifier, using input features selected by the Boruta Algorithm, was used for the prediction task; effects of individual features were further assessed using partial dependence plots. We achieve precision scores of up to 93% when predicting lameness for the next 3 weeks and when using information from the last 3 weeks, combined with a balanced accuracy of 79%. Removing sensor data results have tendency to reduce the precision for predictions, especially when using information from the last one,2 or 3 weeks. Moving to a larger data set (without sensor data) of 44 farms keeps the similar balanced accuracy but reduces precision by more than 30%, revealing a substantial a trade-off in model quality between false positives (false lameness alerts) and false negatives (missed lameness events). Sensor data holds promise to further improve the precision of these models, but can be partially compensated by high resolution data from other systems, such as automated milking systems.

The effects of digital transformation on exploitation and exploration: does technological diversity matter?

PurposeFor survival and prosperity, enterprises need to simultaneously engage in exploitation and exploration. Digital transformation is of great significance to enterprise innovation. However, the impacts of digital transformation on exploitation and exploration remain unclear. Moreover, the impacts of technological diversity on the relationships between digital transformation and exploitation and exploration are also unknown.Design/methodology/approachBased on an integrated perspective of dynamic capability theory and organizational inertia theory and using data from Chinese listed enterprises from 2007 to 2020, this study clarifies the effects of digital transformation on exploitation and exploration and assesses the moderating effect of technological diversity.FindingsThe results show that digital transformation improves exploitation, but negatively impacts exploration. Technological diversity mitigates the negative effect of digital transformation on exploration, but the moderating effect on the relationship between digital transformation and exploitation is not significant.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the existing literature on the digital paradox and provides guidance for enterprises to clarify the direction of digital transformation.

The impact of roof systems on cooling and building energy efficiency

The excessive warming in the built environment, due to urbanization and anthropogenic heat emissions, has adverse effects on building energy consumption. Diverse technology using, e.g., vegetated roofs or innovative roof materials, have been proposed and implemented to ameliorate both indoor and outdoor thermal environments and reduce energy consumption. In this study, we apply a state-of-the-art urban canopy model to simulate the thermal performance of multiple roof technology, viz. the white, green, and hybrid roofs, in the contrasting urban environments of Princeton, NJ and Phoenix, AZ, USA. In addition, we estimate the combined energy-water saving potential for green roofs with five different irrigation schemes. It is found that green roofs can achieve a combined energy-water saving of $9.68 m−2 roof area in Phoenix with moisture-controlled irrigation, and $5.23 m−2 in Princeton without irrigation. These results can help to promote building energy efficiency by adapting to flexible and sustainable roof technology for heat mitigation.

Impact assessment of future fleet compositions in vehicle emissions in urban areas: A methodological framework and a case study

This study explores the impact of emerging vehicle technologies on direct urban traffic emissions. It investigates emission reduction potential from shifts in fleet compositions and modal choices, especially considering climate change. To achieve this, three key research areas are explored for historical, current, and future scenarios (up to 2050): mode choice, emission factors for different vehicle categories, and diverse vehicle propulsion technologies. The estimation of the modal split is pivotal, developing a methodology utilizing Stated Preference survey data, discrete choice modeling, Monte Carlo simulations, and macroscopic traffic simulations. Future scenarios derive from the reference year’s modal split, and emission factors and fleet compositions are predetermined via an extensive literature review, aiding the assessment of their respective emissions. A subsequent sensitivity analysis identifies the impact of specific parameters on emissions, guiding future research focus. Study results underscore differences in greenhouse gas emissions and primary air pollutants between base and future scenarios.

Intercalation-enhanced topological material Bi2Se3: Tuning charge carrier and phonon dynamics for advanced optoelectronic and terahertz applications

The field of topological materials (TMs) is experiencing significant advancements due to their unique surface states, which offer considerable potential for optoelectronics and terahertz (THz) applications. Intercalation in TMs can effectively modulate these surface states, thereby altering electronic and optical properties and enhancing functionalities. This approach enables the tailoring of material properties for specific applications, broadening the utility of TMs across various technological domains. This study focuses on understanding the charge carrier and phonon dynamics in bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3) intercalated with various metals (AxBi2Se3, where A = Ag, Cr, Ni, Mn, Sm, Zn). We examine carrier trapping, carrier relaxation through optical and acoustic phonons, charge recombination processes, and variations in carrier temperature with probe delay lifetimes. Additionally, we explore coherent optical phonons (COPs) in MIBS, which oscillate at THz frequencies and have potential applications in THz generation and detection. Achieving tunability in the THz frequency of COP modes is a significant challenge; however, our research establishes a correlation between optical and structural properties and the dependence of COP frequencies on effective metal intercalation. This comprehensive investigation elucidates the intricate interplay between surface carriers and phonon dynamics in intercalated TMs, highlighting promising advancements for diverse technological applications, including spintronics, optoelectronics, and THz technology.

Municipal bio-waste can be recovered through various technologies. Some may be industrial-scale, others may be neighborhood-scale or even individual. Moreover, geographical, demographic and socio-economic characteristics present a high degree of territorial variability. The intersection of these technological and socio-economic diversities leads us to define two meta-scenarios for the management of these bio-waste: either decentralized management that avoids costly collection but

Municipal bio-waste can be recovered through various technologies. Some may be industrial-scale, others may be neighborhood-scale or even individual. Moreover, geographical, demographic and socio-economic characteristics present a high degree of territorial variability. The intersection of these technological and socio-economic diversities leads us to define two meta-scenarios for the management of these bio-waste: either decentralized management that avoids costly collection but

In silico analyses identify sequence contamination thresholds for Nanopore-generated SARS-CoV-2 sequences.

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has brought molecular biology and genomic sequencing into the public consciousness and lexicon. With an emphasis on rapid turnaround, genomic data informed both diagnostic and surveillance decisions for the current pandemic at a previously unheard-of scale. The surge in the submission of genomic data to publicly available databases proved essential as comparing different genome sequences offers a wealth of knowledge, including phylogenetic links, modes of transmission, rates of evolution, and the impact of mutations on infection and disease severity. However, the scale of the pandemic has meant that sequencing runs are rarely repeated due to limited sample material and/or the availability of sequencing resources, resulting in the upload of some imperfect runs to public repositories. As a result, it is crucial to investigate the data obtained from these imperfect runs to determine whether the results are reliable prior to depositing them in a public database. Numerous studies have identified a variety of sources of contamination in public next-generation sequencing (NGS) data as the number of NGS studies increases along with the diversity of sequencing technologies and procedures. For this study, we conducted an in silico experiment with known SARS-CoV-2 sequences produced from Oxford Nanopore Technologies sequencing to investigate the effect of contamination on lineage calls and single nucleotide variants (SNVs). A contamination threshold below which runs are expected to generate accurate lineage calls and maintain genome-relatedness and integrity was identified. Together, these findings provide a benchmark below which imperfect runs may be considered robust for reporting results to both stakeholders and public repositories and reduce the need for repeat or wasted runs.

Sensors Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers in the Field of Cancer Biomarker Detection: A Review.

Biomarkers play a pivotal role in the screening, diagnosis, prevention, and post-treatment follow-up of various malignant tumors. In certain instances, identifying these markers necessitates prior treatment due to the complex nature of the tumor microenvironment. Consequently, advancing techniques that exhibit selectivity, specificity, and enable streamlined analysis hold significant importance. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are considered synthetic antibodies because they possess the property of molecular recognition with high selectivity and sensitivity. In recent years, there has been a notable surge in the investigation of these materials, primarily driven by their remarkable adaptability in terms of tailoring them for specific target molecules and integrating them into diverse analytical technologies. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of molecular imprinting techniques, highlighting their application in developing sensors and analytical methods for cancer detection, diagnosis, and monitoring. Therefore, MIPs offer great potential in oncology and show promise for improving the accuracy of cancer screening and diagnosis procedures.

Strengthening energy system resilience planning under uncertainty by minimizing regret

This study applies the concept of regret in decision-making under uncertainty to an energy system optimization model to identify optimal robust and stochastic solutions amongst several design options. The approach is demonstrated on the case study of Accra, Ghana, considering uncertainties pertinent to the city, particularly under climate change. The evaluated uncertainty scenarios consider volatile fossil fuel supply, reduced hydropower generation, rising demand due to climate change-driven rural-urban migration and global warming, unplanned power outages due to increasing natural disasters, and currency depreciation. The evaluated systems include Pareto-optimal system solutions typically under consideration by planners, which balance costs and CO2 emissions. The regret performance is evaluated for each system subject to each uncertainty scenario. A near-CO2-minimized system is the optimal robust and stochastic least-regret solution. Two factors drive this result: (1) a diverse technology set, which provides generation and cross-sectoral flexibility for adaptation under uncertainty, and (2) effectively balancing rising investment and operation costs with decreasing unmet demand costs. The demonstrated method provides energy planners and policymakers with a pragmatic, effective and fast approach, which offers new insights into long-term energy system planning to improve resilience under uncertainty, supporting the aims of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 7 and 11.