Regional Technology Development Research Articles

Innovative and technological development of the regions during the period of economic instability

Currently, the world economy has entered a period of unsteady development, characterized by the aggravation of problems that cannot be solved within the framework of existing equipment, technologies, management methods, etc. These problems are caused by the completion of the 5th technological order and the birth of the 6th, as well as the beginning of the 4th Industrial Revolution. The existing world experience convincingly proves that during periods of economic transformations caused by changes in technological structures, innovative development in the direction of innovative advance is a priority. The countries that have embarked on the path of advanced innovative development are the leaders of economic growth, ensuring the economic well-being and high quality of life of their peoples. For the enterprises of the domestic industry, which retains a significant innovative potential, the strategy of advanced innovation is virtually no alternative. The article examines the state of innovation and technological development of Russian regions during the period of economic instability. Attention is paid to the peculiarities of innovative growth of regions. Based on statistical data, the analysis of the main indicators reflecting the innovative activity of enterprises in the country’s industry is carried out. The main regional problems hindering innovative development are identified and a number of priority measures necessary for decision-making in the field of innovation promotion are proposed.

Механизмы формирования и развития новых технологических укладов в экономике региона (на примере РТ)

Abstract: The study of current transformations in the global economic space and in the Russian Federation, including in the field of adaptation of technological structures, is a fundamentally significant process. New technological structures set the vector for further economic progress of countries. Periods of recessions, military events, changes in political course, innovations in the field of culture - all this is a consequence of periods of technological renewal. The latest technological paradigm forms an ecosystem that integrates a set of revolutionary technologies, platform solutions and complex innovations, creating a vast system in which each individual innovation mutually reinforces the development and use of other technologies. Current transformations in the regions of Russia, emphasized by increased pressure from international sanctions and the deterioration of foreign trade relations, necessitate the formation of strategic directions for adaptation to changed geo-economic realities. The task of national and regional technological development comes to the fore. The object of the study is economic relations that arise in the process of formation and development of new technological structures. The purpose of the study is to characterize the mechanisms for the formation and development of new technological structures in the Republic of Tatarstan. Research methods - abstract-logical, monographic, economic-statistical, sociological, etc. Scientific novelty lies in the formation of an integrated theoretically based approach, analysis of the processes of innovative transformation of the socio-economic system and the use of the theory of development and change of technological structures in the Republic of Tatarstan.

Research on the mechanism of digital transformation to improve enterprise environmental performance

PurposeBased on the background of enterprise digital transformation, this paper aims to examine the impact of digitization on the cooperative behavior and environmental performance of green technology innovation.Design/methodology/approachBy constructing a model of quantity competition between the two enterprises, this paper examines the impact of digitization on the cooperative behavior and environmental performance of green technology innovation from the micro level. It uses Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share-listed companies as research samples. An unbalanced panel data set from 2011 to 2018 was constructed to empirically test the effect of digital transformation on the environmental performance of enterprises.FindingsThe findings reveal the following. First, digital transformation can significantly improve the environmental performance of enterprises. Second, green technological innovation sharing plays an intermediary role between digital transformation and enterprise environmental performance. Third, when the level of digitization is high, the sharing effect of green technology innovation brought about by digital technology is stronger and enterprises tend to carry out cooperative green technology innovation. Lastly, the level of development of regional science and technology finance plays a positive regulatory role in digital transformation and enterprise environmental performance.Originality/valueThis paper first proposes that green technology innovation-sharing is an important mechanism that can significantly improve enterprises' environmental performance. The authors empirically examine the mechanism and analyze the heterogeneity of the impact of digitalization level on enterprises' environmental performance. The authors also discuss the moderating effect of regional technology and finance development levels on the relationship between digitalization and enterprises' environmental performance.

Global efficiency estimation of complex networks and regional technological and economic development based on fractal network model

Abstract To accelerate the construction of transportation infrastructure, vigorously develop the transportation industry, drive economic development, and stimulate the growth of the national economy, the author puts forward the research on the relationship between highway traffic networks and regional economic development based on the fractal network model. Taking the road traffic network of 17 prefecture-level cities in A province as the research object, the fractal dimension of each grade of the road network is calculated with fractal technology, and the weight dimension model for measuring the comprehensive road network is constructed. The empirical results show that the fractal dimension of the regional road network is affected by the size of the road network, and then the prefecture-level cities are zoned, the correlation analysis is made on the road network weight dimension, trunk line fractal dimension and comprehensive economic index of various regions. The study found that the fractal dimension of the road network in each city was positively correlated with the comprehensive economic index, indicating that the more uniform the road network coverage, the more complex the traffic network, the better the economic development of the region. In order to further explore the coordination between highway construction and economic development in each city, the fractal dimension of 17 prefecture-level cities is calculated by introducing the fractal model of highway scale and economic output, it is found that the economic development of 6 cities including 1 city is ahead of the highway scale, 4 cities including 4 are the same, and the economic development of 7 cities including 2 cities lags behind the highway construction scale. Although the weight dimension does not represent there present your state of all classes of highways in a spatial form, it is based on the spatial fractal of all classes of highways, the weight value of the road capacity is integrated, which can highlight the advantages in the horizontal comparison with the fractal situation of the comprehensive road network in the same level areas.

Spatial Modelling of the Impact of R&D Potential on the Dynamics of Scientific and Technological Development of Russian Regions

Spatial Modelling of the Impact of R&D Potential on the Dynamics of Scientific and Technological Development of Russian Regions

Становление экосистемы технологического развития на национальном и региональном уровнях

The relevance of the study is due to the need for theoretical comprehension and practical analysis of the processes of technologization of the Russian economy in the context of the formation of the ecosystem of technological development. The transformation of the innovation ecosystem into the ecosystem of technological development is an objective trend caused by radical changes in the external environment of the Russian economy and the need to adapt to them. The purpose of the study was to identify specific features and elements of the technological development ecosystem, as well as to review some of the best regional practices in this aspect. The review by the authors of scientific sources, current regulations and regional experience on issues of technological development is of scientific and practical interest both for continuing research on this issue and for introducing the most successful practices into the activities of regional authorities in the formation and implementation of regional technological development programs. The conclusions obtained by the authors confirm the objectivity and conditionality of the processes of transformation of innovation ecosystem into the ecosystem of technological development.

Methodological Approaches to the Assessment of Scientific Activity of Russian Regions

Currently, one of the tasks of the state socio-economic policy in Russia is to increase the role of regional authorities in the scientific and technological development of regions. One of the tools for solving this problem should be the development of a national rating of scientific and technological development of the subjects of the Russian Federation. The Russian Academy of Sciences initiated the development of the index of scientific activity of the regions. This article suggests methodological approaches to the development of such an index, the main innovations of which should be an emphasis on the scientific development of regions (as opposed to the indices of innovative development), a separate assessment of the current level of development of science and its potential, an assessment of the scientific policy of regional authorities, an expanded range of indicators for training personnel for science, and starting from additional education of children. The possibilities of improving the indicators traditionally used to assess the scientific and technological development of regions are discussed, including in terms of more correct accounting of the activities of universities. It is proposed to develop a regional standard for scientific policy.

Переход к новому технологическому укладу — детерминанта роста благосостояния населения регионов России

Nowadays, intensive technological development and transition to a new (VI) technological paradigm are seen as determinants of the quality of economic and welfare growth. Thus, analysis of interregional differentiation of Russian constituent entities and assessment of the relationship between their socio-economic indicators and technological development became relevant. However, insufficient attention is paid to the influence of the regional technological development on the welfare of residents. In this regard, the present study aims to assess this influence in Russia, as well as to link the population welfare growth with the phases of Kondratieff waves and the stages of the technological paradigm. The research methodology includes: cluster analysis used to group regions according to a set of parameters characterising the welfare of their inhabitants; calculation of composite indicators that were applied to create a ranking of regions; estimation of correlation coefficients. An approach was developed to analyse the regional technological development based on a composite indicator that includes three indices: internal costs for research and development; the share of enterprises implementing technological innovations in the total number of surveyed organisations; the share of innovative goods, works, services in the total volume of shipped goods, works, services. The constituent entities of Russia were ranked according to the obtained composite indicator of technological development. Then, 20 leading and 20 lagging regions were identified, for which the correlation coefficients were calculated. The study concluded that an increase in the welfare is achieved at the growth stage of a new technological paradigm, while an increase in poverty and a decrease in incomes of the population can be observed at the maturity stage of the previous technological paradigms.

Methods for Evaluation of the Region’s Needs for Human Resources based on Statistics and Patent Landscapes

Implementation of a new technological platform in Russia requires providing promising areas of professional qualification with human resources. Post-pandemic structural economic transformation has accelerated changes in the labour market and highlighted the need to develop new approaches and forecasting methods with the priorities of regional technological development. The study presents a methodology to reveal the regional demand for staffing based on the analysis of the factors affecting staff demands using structured and unstructured datasets. The study is focused on forecasting the region’s needs for human resources based on data mining and patent landscapes. That forecasting should consider the economic focus of a region as well as its location, investment and R&D development programme, labour market specificity. The advantage of the proposed methodology is obtaining reasonable estimates of the region’s needs for human resources with data mining and patent landscaping methods in conditions of limited official statistical data. Our database includes more than 25 million records: full-text collections of Russian and foreign patents, research papers, statistical indicators, etc. As a result, we identified promising training areas attractive for qualified personnel in the Vologda region corresponding with the priorities of regional technological development. The future development of this research is the improvement of the methodology for quantitative assessment of the regional need for professionals in particular industries. The obtained results can be useful to government bodies and research centres for the development of regional strategies.

Contradictions in the Institutional Regulation of Scientific, Technological and Innovative Development of Regions and Ways to Eliminate Them

Contradictions in the Institutional Regulation of Scientific, Technological and Innovative Development of Regions and Ways to Eliminate Them

Structure of Technological Dynamics and Economic Growth of Russia

The slowdown in Russia’s economic growth to the “covid crisis”, as well as the possibility of restoring growth and forming a new model of it, are associated with the need to overcome structural constraints. Moreover, the plans for the recovery of the Russian economy note the need not only for a stimulating macroeconomic policy, but also for the implementation of structural changes through technological renewal. However, technological modernization is highly dependent on the existing mode of technological development – the current and future demand for new technologies. The implementation of the country’s technological development strategy requires an assessment of the existing technological structure with a measurement of its reaction to ongoing investments in support of obsolete and emergence of new technologies. Different sectors of the economy and its regions, having a different set of technologies and their structure, show a different level of manufacturability, which is understood as the ratio of the volume of innovative to non-innovative products. The sensitivity of this parameter to investments in new and outdated technologies is also different, which cannot be taken into account in the formation of investment and technological development policies for both individual regions and Russia as a whole. Using structural and regression analysis, this study provides a picture of the structure of the technological Russian economy. It is shown that technological modernization also involves the movement of resources in the sectoral and regional context in order to eliminate structural and technological imbalances in development. Investment policy should be reduced not only to increasing investments, but also to managing their structure in conjunction with replacing old technologies in order to level and improve the overall manufacturability. This will require solving the promising problem of increasing the sensitivity of manufacturability to investments in new technologies. In the long term, this approach will make it possible to single out the modes of regional technological development, not only ranking regions in terms of sensitivity to new and old technologies, but also developing a selective set of regional policy measures.Keywords: “covid crisis”, economic growth, industrialization, investments, structural changes, structural dynamics, technologies, technological effectiveness of the regional economy.

THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF CREATION OF INDUSTRIAL PARKS IN RUSSIA AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES

An industrial park is a modern and effective instrument of support of small and medium business in the industrial sector of economy. An industrial park is a complex of real estate units managed by a management company consisting of a land plot (plots) with production, office, warehouse and other buildings, constructions and facilities provided with the engineering and transport infrastructure necessary for creation of new industrial production and also having a necessary legal regime for implementation of production activity. A description of a legal scheme of interaction between a management company of an industrial park and its residents is given, a list of services provided by a management company is given. The article provides an overview of the history of the origin and development of the use of industrial parks as a tool to support small and medium-sized businesses in Russia and abroad. The organizational scheme of an industrial park, types and directions of activity are considered. An analysis of the dynamics and structure of industrial parks in the Russian Federation by types of property, by stages of activity of industrial parks is carried out. Models of industrial parks’ activity existing in world practice are described. Industrial parks in the modern world are an important factor in the development of the territories and contribute to the economic and technological development of regions.

ЦИФРОВОЕ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННО-ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫХ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ

The article is devoted to the analysis of aspects of industrial and technological development of regions in the conditions of digitalization. The purpose of the study is to try to determine the conditions and assess the economic growth of regions depending on the state of digitalization of the industrial and economic entities located in them. The research methodology is based on the use of statistical, comparative, and economic-mathematical analysis methods to establish the existing dependencies. A significant relationship has been established between the state of digitalization of the region and the growth rates of the gross regional product in them. The suggested approach can be applied by representatives of government authorities, scientists, and businesses to continue the analysis.

The geography of green technology licensing in China

ABSTRACT Heatmap techniques are used to visualize the geography of green technology license agreements in China. The map is based on unique patent and licensing data, linking regional technology development (licensors) to regional technology adoption (licensees), thus allowing the study of diffusion patterns of green technologies. It highlights the fact that most green technology license agreements are concluded within the same region, which is often neglected when studying diffusion processes from a network perspective. Heatmaps allow a better interpretation of network data, in particular for networks with many loops when compared with classical network visualizations.

Regional Technological Capacity and Entrepreneurship: Heterogeneous Agents and Occupational Choice in a Directed Search Market

The paper presents and analyses a general equilibrium occupational choice model with labour market frictions and heterogeneous agents. The main theoretical contribution of this model is that, unlike previous directed search models, it allows agents to self-select not only into different sectors but also into an entrepreneurial/managerial career or a regular employment career. Making use of a stochastic output and of positive assortative matching, the model gives rise to possible equilibria where the highest ability agents become either workers or entrepreneurs/managers in the technologically intensive sector. Considering the equilibrium where workers are drawn from the middle of the ability distribution, I find that, consistent with stylized facts, an increased regional technological development increases both top income inequality and the entrepreneurship rate in the technologically intensive sector.

An analysis of the key role of human and technological development in the smart specialization of smart European regions

ABSTRACT The Europe 2020 development strategy prioritizes the so-called Smart Regions, reflecting the European Commission's commitment to geographical ‘specialization.’ Accordingly, the European regions have developed innovation strategies for smart specialization. A key element in these development strategies is the technological factor, which is clearly influenced by the level of human development in the region. This article analyses the convergence between citizens’ capacities and technological development in a region. Specifically, we analyse 129 NUTS 2 regions in Europe, using official data provided by Eurostat. To measure human development, this article proposes a Smart Human Index based on a synthetic indicator incorporating three dimensions; in addition, we use two dimensions to construct an indicator of regional technological development. The results show that a region's technological capacity clearly depends on its inhabitants’ degree of formal education, while their use of technologies depends on the citizens’ degree of social openness and cultural level.

Coordinating the Priorities of Scientific, Technological and Spatial Development of Industrial Regions

Coordinating the Priorities of Scientific, Technological and Spatial Development of Industrial Regions

Desarrollo tecnológico e integración comercial de los productores agrícolas de la Costa de Hermosillo en la globalización

En este trabajo se describen las características del desarrollo tecnológico del sistema agrícola de la Costa de Hermosillo, en Sonora, y su relación con las formas de integración de los productores en las cadenas de valor nacionales y mundiales. Para ello se recolectó, analizó y relacionó información cuantitativa y cualitativa, y se hicieron entrevistas semiestructuradas. El problema de investigación es original y novedoso, está planteado de manera sistemática, y se desarrollan las herramientas teórico-analíticas necesarias para estudiarlo y analizarlo. La limitante es que no da cuenta suficiente del papel de las empresas privadas e instituciones gubernamentales en la gestión del desarrollo tecnológico regional. Los resultados aportan datos cuantitativos y cualitativos valiosos para comprender y dar testimonio de la realidad socioeconómica de la agricultura sonorense. Se concluye que dicho desarrollo tecnológico no ha beneficiado a todos los productores por igual ni de manera suficiente.

Path-Dependent Dynamics and Technological Spillovers in the Brazilian Regions

This article investigates the influence of path dependence, of spatial spillovers and of production specialization on regional technological specialization. We use patent data and characteristics of industrial activity by Brazilian regions in the period of 2000–2011 to estimate a spatial dynamic panel using the Generalised Method of Moment (GMM) estimator, which deals with unobserved fixed effects and with the endogeneity problem. The results show that the regional production specialization influences technological specialization in Brazilian regions. Furthermore, this article finds that regional technological development is highly path-dependent and characterized by spatial spillovers. The former result means that regional technological development is influenced by its own technological specialization trajectory. The latter shows that the technological specialization of the neighborhood has proved to be a determining factor in local technological specialization. These results may help in the understanding of the development of technological clusters, suggesting that the strategies to reinforce the regional innovation processes should consider the specificities of the regional production pattern.

Intellectual and Technological Development of Regions: Challenges and Ways to Address them

The article reveals the issues of intellectual and technological development of the country and regions. The author shows that growing number of employees with higher education is not accompanied by a proportionate increase in the technology level of the economy. This is due to the change of the purpose of higher education. Gradually, the higher education has become a tool ensuring a common cultural level of the population. The author analyses major reasons for a weak contribution of an increasing number of employees with higher education to the technological growth. Professional researchers and employees from various types of industries should be considered as producers of intellectual and technological development. I suggest calling them the generators of intelligent technologies. The author’s interpretation of the concept of «scientific and research education» implies not only the development of creative abilities, but also the understanding of the causes and consequences of natural and social processes as well as critical reflection on these processes. Scientific and research education is emerging directly from research activity. The support of scientific and research education keeps in the society the desire of scientific breakthroughs. The author has revealed the negative tendencies in science. They are related to a considerable decrease in research and development as well as to the withdrawal of the Russian business from the sphere of scientific research. I conclude that there is an urgent need to invest into science. This will result in scientific and technological progress, which would develop the society and increase the productivity of social activities.