Technological Content Knowledge Research Articles

Teachers’ perceptions of teaching science with technology-enhanced self-regulated learning strategies through the DECODE model

AbstractThis study investigates the nuanced interplay between self-regulated learning (SRL) and technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) among 192 Taiwanese voluntary pre-service and in-service teachers, seeking to understand how teachers perceive the integration of technology with SRL strategies in science education. The participants were recruited in workshops based on the DECODE model, which demonstrated a micro-unit of evolution incorporated in SRL strategies, involved them in co-reflected, and summarized what they had experienced in technology-enhanced environments. Participants self-reported measures of SRL and TPACK were subjected to path analysis. Results indicated that SRL positively influenced technological pedagogical knowledge (TPK) and technological content knowledge (TCK), subsequently fully mediating the relationship between SRL and TPACK; namely, TCK and TPK acted as mediatory factors. Furthermore, this study delved into teachers’ perceptions of technology-enhanced instruction and SRL through their responses in workshops. We identified five main themes through thematic analysis. The findings highlighted the pivotal role of technology in cultivating interactive learning environments, offering real-time feedback, and integrating multimedia into teaching. Teachers’ perceptions were expanded and refined after demonstrating a micro-unit with SRL strategies and subsequent reflective prompts. Participants acknowledged the imperative of teacher preparation in effectively leveraging technology and emphasized the crucial role of adaptive scaffolding in promoting SRL strategies. In summary, these findings present a viable path for augmenting teachers’ TPACK through SRL and provides insights into teachers’ perceptions of technology-enhanced SRL. The study has implication on the potential of the DECODE model and incorporation of SRL strategies for science educator’s professional development of TPACK.

Evaluating teaching readiness using the TPACK model: factor, reliability and validity analyses for Indonesian economics teacher candidates

Introduction. The preparedness of future economics teachers matters as it affects the quality of education, student results, workforce training, critical thinking abilities, global mindset, college prep, and adjustment to shifting economies. The future generation needs educated people to act as members of society and the world economy; hence, it requires a cadre of trained economists and teachers and is significantly shaped by intrinsic factors such as technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge (TPACK). This study refines and validates a measurement instrument to reliably and validity assess the essential competencies of these teachers, tailored to meet the evolving standards of economics education. Materials and Methods. The study used an online questionnaire with a purposive sample of 100 pre-service economics educators from Indonesia for Explanatory Factor Analysis (EFA) and 389 samples for Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), all of whom had completed their teaching practicums. Then, statistical analysis was conducted using EFA in SPSS and CFA in AMOS. The EFA was employed to determine how well the instrument’s items capture the components of the TPACK framework and their relevance to the prospective teachers’ readiness for professional practice post-graduation. The CFA is Performed to guarantee that each variable analyzed has the validity of the configuration and the reliability of the construct as needed and is used to establish the extent to which the measured variable may represent the construct or variable that has previously been considered. Results. This study first developed seven factors, namely Technological Knowledge (TK), Pedagogical Knowledge (PK), Content Knowledge (CK), Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK), Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (TPK), Technological Content Knowledge (TCK), and Technological, Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK), consisting of 39 items. However, four items were removed because their factor loading was below 0.50. As a result, 35 items were retained as the factor loading was significantly greater than .50. The Cronbach's alpha value for each item of the TPACK construct was > .60 and met all the criteria of goodness of fit index, which means that it meets the requirements and can measure the TPACK construct in measuring job readiness of prospective teachers in Indonesia. As this study fulfills the requirements of validity and reliability of the constructs that lead to TPACK, the results of this study will help prospective teachers prepare themselves to become professional economics teachers. Conclusion. The teaching readiness of prospective teachers can be assessed using valid and reliable tools such as EFA in pilot testing and CFA in large-scale analysis assessments of the TPACK construct with 35 question items.

TPACK competence of mathematics education students in designing constructivist learning

The problem and the aim of the study. This study examines mathematics education students' TPACK (Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge) and constructivist learning skills. The major issue is mathematical education students' ability to integrate technology, pedagogical expertise, and mathematical content knowledge in a constructivist learning setting. The study topics include how well students employ constructivist ideas in learning design, how technology supports mathematics learning, and what variables impact their TPACK abilities. By studying it more, this research may help enhance the mathematics education curriculum and teacher training to meet 21st-century education needs. Research methods. Qualitative case study research is used in this work. 23 students of the mathematics education program at Universitas Negeri Surabaya were selected. After observing students in constructivist mathematics learning design activities, in-depth interviews were conducted to understand better their views on TPACK and the constructivist approach, and their learning plans were analyzed. Students' TPACK abilities in constructivist learning will be assessed using thematic and triangulated data analysis. The research findings may help explain the problems and opportunities of constructing a mathematics education curriculum, particularly when merging TPACK and constructivist techniques. Results. The average TPACK competency of math education students is 78.4%, according to studies. According to the TPACK component analysis, students scored 85.2% on the Technology Knowledge Test (TK), 79.6% on the Pedagogical Knowledge Test (PK), and 75.8% on the Content Knowledge Test (CK). However, CK component proficiency varied, suggesting mathematical content knowledge should be improved. In-depth interviews showed that students with formal educational technology training or courses had higher TPACK ratings (M = 82.1%) than those without (M = 76.3%). These data show that formal education and training improve TPACK abilities. To optimize the constructivist method, the CK component must be improved. This research shows that technology integration and mathematics subject mastery are crucial to constructivist learning curricula and training programs for mathematics education students. Conclusion. The constructivist learning TPACK skills of mathematics education students are examined in this study. Students demonstrated technology integration, instructional competency, and mathematical topic knowledge with an average TPACK score of 78.4%. According to TPACK component analysis, pupils have good technical skills (TK) but varied mathematics topic knowledge. TPACK scores are higher for technology education students, demonstrating the role of formal learning in competency. These findings show that CK needs to include constructivism better. In conclusion, comprehensive training and mathematical content additions can improve students' TPACK skills, enabling constructivist technology usage. These insights may assist in improving mathematics curriculum and training.

Research on TPACK Framework Construction of Teaching Models in the Education of Physical Therapy

Physical therapists must have a rich understanding of medical knowledge, professional skills, and educational background to assist patients in their recovery effectively. However, the academic approach and teaching methods have always been an essential topic in the training of physical therapy professionals. The TPACK framework provides a method for integrating teaching techniques, subject knowledge, and technological applications for professional educators, which can promote more effective educational methods and improve student learning experiences. This study explores constructing and applying a teaching model based on the TPACK framework in physical therapy. By combining technological knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, and content knowledge, this study will examine the value and effectiveness of this teaching model by analyzing real cases and teachers' feedback in the context of physical therapy education. Additionally, we will consider the rapid development of educational technology and future challenges and how to address these challenges to meet the needs of physical therapy education better. Through in-depth research and discussion, this study aims to provide valuable insights and recommendations for education in physical therapy to promote the development of more effective educational models and training methods that better meet patient rehabilitation needs.

Online Microteaching: Unveiling Female Pre-service Physics Teachers Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK)

Global trends show that men dominate physics-related jobs. However, there is a unique phenomenon, especially in Indonesia in the physics teacher education program where there are more female students than male students. This study aims to determine the TPACK of female pre-service physics teachers consisting of 15 pre-service teachers taking microteaching courses and making their online learning videos. The videos were used as a data collection tool. A microteaching observation sheet was used to analyze data obtained from observations with two raters. The observation sheet consisted of 6 aspects which were content knowledge (CK), pedagogical knowledge (PK), technological knowledge (TK), pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), technological content knowledge (TCK), and technological pedagogical knowledge (TPK) with four indicators for each aspect and the maximum score per aspect is four. The overall TPACK score was obtained by calculating the average of all aspects. Although the overall result of female pre-service physics teachers is 2.1 which is sufficient, technological-related aspects need more concern. The results showed that female pre-service physics teachers lack technological pedagogical knowledge (TPK). On the contrary, they have high pedagogical knowledge (PK). Teacher education programs should provide opportunities for female pre-service teachers to develop their TPACK. Online microteaching can be the key to helping female pre-service physics teachers to integrate technology into their learning. Keywords: microteaching, technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK)

Augmented reality as a platform to present green sustainable chemistry to improve preservice teachers’ competency on technological pedagogical content knowledge

Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) plays a pivotal role in ensuring the effectiveness of teaching and learning. Within the context of integrating technology into lessons, PCK has evolved into Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK). The acquisition of TPACK by teachers implies mastery of its seven components. TPACK is both content and context-specific, meaning that a teacher's understanding of TPACK for one teaching strategy may differ from that for another. In the context of Augmented Reality-Green Sustainable Chemistry (AR-GSC), a distinct level of TPACK is required due to its interdisciplinary and holistic nature, setting it apart from other teaching strategies. This study employed embedded mixed method design to explore the changes in TPACK components among a group of 36 chemistry pre-service teachers exposed to AR-GSC. The quantitative findings indicate no significant changes in content, pedagogical, and pedagogical content knowledge. However, significant differences were observed in technological knowledge, technological content, and pedagogical knowledge and TPACK, indicating the emergence of a nuanced understanding of technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge. Qualitative focus group interview involving 15 preservice teachers provided insights for understanding quantitative findings. It is important to note that these findings are preliminary and suggest avenues for further research to validate the relationship between TPACK and AR-GSC.

Pedagogical Competence Analysis Based on the TPACK Model: Focus on VR-Based Survival Swimming Instructors

This study explores the pedagogical competence of VR-based survival swimming instructors in South Korea, focusing on their application of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK). Employing qualitative methodology, we conducted in-depth interviews with 11 instructors to understand their instructional strategies within a VR context. The study aimed to identify how instructors integrate TPACK components into their teaching, specifically exploring technological content knowledge (content utilization, equipment preparation, addressing dizziness), pedagogical content knowledge (creating a conducive learning environment, enhancing student engagement), and technological pedagogical knowledge (setting appropriate learning objectives and guidelines, educational assessment), understanding learners, and pedagogical beliefs and philosophy. Our findings reveal that VR-based instructors proficiently blend these knowledge domains to enhance the effectiveness of survival swimming education. The results demonstrate that strategic pedagogical approaches are crucial in leveraging VR technology for educational outcomes, highlighting the importance of instructor competence in successfully implementing VR in teaching. This research contributes to the literature by detailing specific competencies critical for VR-based education and suggesting that a thorough understanding and application of the TPACK framework are essential for optimizing VR’s educational potential.

Improving Algebraic Thinking and Productive Desire among a Training Program Based on (TPACK) Model in Jordan

The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a training program based on (TPACK- Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge) model in improved algebraic thinking and productive disposition among female Primary school teachers. the guide for the training program and study tools was prepared, ensured their validity and stability, an available sample was selected from the schools of Jerash Kasbah of the Directorate of Education of Jerash Governorate, consisted of (36) mathematics teachers, divided into two groups: one experimental consisted of (18) teachers trained according to (TPACK) model, and the other was a control teacher consisted of (18) teachers who did not undergo training. Results showed statistically significant differences on the algebraic thinking test between the members of the control and experimental groups, and in favor of the experimental group that was trained according to the model, also showed that training according to (TPACK) model improved the level of performance of the experimental group mathematics teachers on the productive disposition scale, and raised their performance to an expert level. one of which is need to change the pattern of training programs directed to teachers within specific mathematics content, and apply integrative teaching models that enhance content, pedagogy and enhanced technology.

The development and validation of a self-audit survey instrument that evaluates preservice teachers’ confidence to use technologies to support student learning

ABSTRACT Internationally, university teacher educators are responding to the requirement that preservice teachers (PSTs) need to be confident, operational users of a broad range of technologies, and that they can apply their technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK). TPACK is a framework representing the complex interactions of teachers’ technological content knowledge and technological pedagogical knowledge with their pedagogical content knowledge; the interaction of the three domains is believed to produce effective teaching with technology. The challenge is designing an instrument that can validly and reliably evaluate whether PSTs have this wide range of knowledge, and if not, what their learning needs are. This paper reports on the development and validation of a self-audit survey instrument that evaluated 296 PSTs’ confidence to use technologies to support student learning. Using Rasch modelling techniques, construct validity was assessed for participant and item fit for 100 survey items organized within 10 components representing the construct PST confidence to use technologies to support student learning. Rasch modelling indicated the need to remove 23 ill-fitting items, which resulted in the development of a 77-item survey with strong construct validity and reliability. Technologies educators and researchers are encouraged to use this validated survey as a PST self-audit instrument.

The effect of technological pedagogy knowledge and technological content knowledge on TPACK of primary prospective teachers

Technological Pedagogy Content Knowledge (TPACK) is a skill that 21st-century teachers must possess. This study measured the influence of the Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (TPK) and Technological Content Knowledge (TCK) toward the TPACK of 150 primary prospective teachers at Universitas Muria Kudus on the innovation courses in science learning. The quantitative survey research applied some instruments, such as test instruments, project observation sheets, and performance. The researchers analyzed the data with a multiple regression. Based on data analysis, the results show that the multiple regression model of Y = 1.752 + 0.452X1 + 0.524X2. TPK and TCK have an effect of 98.3% on student TPACK with 45.2% of TPK ability influencing TPACK ability and 52.4% of TCK ability influencing TPACK ability. Based on these results, the researchers concluded that TCK significantly and highly influenced TPK. The results recommend lecturers to better prepare the students with TCK than TPK abilities.

Technological pedagogical content knowledge mobilized by residents when using applications in science teaching practice

Technologies and the benefits of digital resources became a mandatory part of the school with the arrival of the Common National Curriculum Base (BNCC). This question led to the development of research in the Graduate Program in Education (PPGEd) from Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), with the general objective of analyzing how do residents from the Nature Sciences area, at Federal University of Piauí, use mobile applications in teaching practice to integrate the Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge. The research is characterized as a qualitative approach, specifically, as an action-research case study according Moreira (2011). Undergraduate six students from the Licentiate Degree in Natural Sciences and residents from the Pedagogical Residency Program. To make data production, we used online questionnaires and collective interview techniques. The data was organized into thematic units, and the analyzis of the research data is presented based on elements of Bardin's content analysis (2011) and the interpretation from the point of view of dialectical hermeneutics. The research results point to evidence of the mobilization of TPACK by residents when using the application in educational practice.

Technology pedagogy content knowledge framework to prepare Indonesian career counselors

<span lang="EN-US">Technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK) is one of the smart solutions for implementing learning in accordance with the demands of education by integrating technology. The purpose of the study was to analyze the competency level of counselors in Indonesia in terms of age in terms of age, gender, and level of education. The research design used a cross-sectional survey in a non-experimental quantitative study. Respondents in this study amounted to 420 counselors in Indonesia obtained by using a proportional random sampling technique. Data were collected by questionnaire technological pedagogy content knowledge test for counselors (TPACK-TFC). The results of the study found that the TPACK was owned by counselors with an average score of 46.78 in the low category. Judging from the aspect of technology knowledge (TK), a score of 59.88 was obtained in the medium category, content knowledge (CK), pedagogical knowledge (PK), pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), technological content knowledge (TCK), technological pedagogical knowledge (TPK) was at a relatively low level. The results showed that Indonesian counselors have not fully integrated learning models using aspects namely technology, pedagogy, and content, and need to get attention from the government, higher education institutions, and the community for the development of quality guidance and counseling services and counselor careers in the future.</span>

DEVELOPING INDICATORS FOR SCIENCE TEACHER COMPETENCY IN STEM-ESD LEARNING

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education focused on Education for Sustainability Development (ESD) can help students improve STEM skills and science procedures. STEM-ESD teachers are needed to acquire these competencies. This study aims to develop and determine the validity and reliability of STEM-ESD competency indicators for science teachers with Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) standards. Descriptive research includes competency indicator development, indicator testing, and validation. This study employed Rasch modelling to assess 51 questionnaire items. This study included 108 science teachers. The results showed that STEM-ESD competencies were developed into 3 domains: planning, implementing, and professional development. The planning domain includes Content Knowledge (CK), Pedagogical Knowledge (PK), Technological Knowledge (TK), Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK), Technological Content Knowledge (TCK), Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (TPK), and TPACK. Meanwhile, the implementation and professional development domain includes TPACK indicators. The results of testing with the Rasch model show that the competencies developed can measure what should be measured (with no other dimensions outside the construct) because the raw variance explained by measures is 69.7%, which is classified as a very good criterion. Then, the unexplained variance in the 1st-5th period shows results that are smaller than 15%. A total of 42 indicators were declared valid. Furthermore, the reliability results are shown by the Cronbach alpha result of 0.99 with a very good category. The development and validation of this indicator is expected to be a reference for teachers to know what competencies they must have in teaching STEM-ESD in science learning.

EFL Students’ Beliefs on Sociocultural-based TPACK Practices by Their Instructors

Several components of students' technical pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) have been extensively researched in English as a foreign language (EFL). However, there has been a dearth of TPACK research on EFL students' online development programs when viewed from a sociocultural perspective. During one semester, EFL students from various higher education institutions in Turkey were surveyed to assess their ideas on sociocultural-based TPACK in the current study. The data for the study was collected using an adopted questionnaire (Bostancıoğlu & Handley, 2018). The findings revealed that their instructors' technological skills are better suited to encourage more diverse cultural involvement, interaction, and adaptability in different teaching and learning activities, as well as assisting their students in overcoming cultural challenges through the use of digital technologies. Therefore, it can be asserted that their instructors are confident enough in terms of technological content knowledge.

Students’ Perception Toward Teachers’ Implementation of Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) in EFL Classroom at Madrasah Aliyah

Technology and education are two things that influence each other. Technology in education is not only about the tools, applications, and software but also about how the teachers integrate the technology to present the learning model and learning content in learning activity. Therefore, this research aimed to find out the students’ perceptions toward teachers’ implementation of technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK) in EFL classroom. This research is descriptive research and was located at one of madrasah Aliyah in Pekanbaru. There were 106 tenth-grade students as the respondents. A questionnaire is used to collect the research data on students’ perceptions. The finding revealed that students’ perception toward teachers’ implementation of TPACK in EFL classroom is positive perception, with a total mean score is 3.02, which means EFL students have a positive perception about teachers’ implementation of TPACK in EFL classrooms. Based on this result, it can be said that the teachers have the ability and the awareness related to the importance of implementing TPACK to support the teaching and learning process, especially to increase students’ comprehension and motivation in learning English.

A multi-centric investigation of technology integration in health professions education: The importance of educators’ Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge

The widespread acknowledgment of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) as a fundamental component of educational strategies is a key context for understanding the findings of our study, which focused on the use of technology by educators in higher education, particularly in the health professions domain. This study examines technology usage patterns and factors influencing active implementation of technology among health professions educators. A cross-sectional survey involving 202 educators from six institutions in Morocco reveals their high confidence in their Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK), notably in Pedagogical and Content domains. The study highlights a prevalence of passive digital learning activities over active approaches. Educators actively employing technology display enhanced TPACK, emphasizing the significance of TPACK development for effective technology integration in teaching practices. Among those with a good level of active technology use, a majority (102 out of 119) have a high TPACK level, and 54 out of 83 of those categorised as low-level participants have a low TPACK level. The findings contribute valuable insights with both theoretical and practical implications for educators in the health professions, emphasizing the significance of aligning technology use with effective instructional practices in this specialized field. Further research should be pursued with diverse methodological approaches to gain a deeper comprehension of the technology integration process in the health profession domain.

Unraveling TPACK: Investigating the inherent structure of TPACK from a subject-specific angle using test-based instruments

Against the backdrop of digitalization, it is imperative to provide pre-service teachers with adequate training opportunities to foster their professional knowledge regarding technology integration in teaching-learning scenarios. However, to date, only limited insights into the empirical nature of such knowledge – often subsumed under the term Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (i.e., TPCK) – are possible given the heterogeneity of prior research investigating the empirical relationship between different knowledge components. This heterogeneity is likely due to the predominant use of self-reports in previous studies. Against this background, the present study pursued two goals. The first goal was to investigate the empirical nature of TPCK among pre-service teachers, utilizing test-based instruments to explore TPCK's nature from a subject-specific angle, that is, its relationship with Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) and Technological Knowledge (TK). Given the widespread use of self-reports, the study's second goal was to examine the relationship between test-based and self-reported TPCK, exploring possible associated factors (e.g., pre-service teachers' gender, prior experience in teaching with technologies in school, or metacognitive accuracy) that may explain why both measures are linked only weakly. Findings reveal that both PCK and TK statistically predicted TPCK to a similar extent highlighting the integrated nature of TPCK. The relationship between test-based and self-reported TPCK was moderated by pre-service teachers' metacognitive accuracy, but not by their gender or prior experience. Together, these insights offer valuable guidance for refining teacher training regarding effective technology integration by indicating the need to target not only PCK and TK but also TPCK.

Cambodian STEM pre-service teachers’ competency in effective information communication technology integration teaching based on technological pedagogical content knowledge framework

This study explores how Cambodian STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) pre-service teachers comprehended the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) and its components, content knowledge (CK), pedagogical knowledge (PK), technological knowledge (TK), pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), technological pedagogical knowledge (TPK), technological content knowledge (TCK) and their associations with demographic variables. Using a self-report questionnaire, the study surveyed 440 pre-service teachers from three distinct teacher training colleges. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, and Pearson's correlation. Results showed that pre-service teachers rated themselves above the mean in all components: TPK and CK were the highest, and TCK and TPACK were the lowest. There was a significant difference in the gender and foreign language variables; males and being able to understand foreign languages were the favor. A negative relationship existed in age variables where younger pre-service teachers demonstrated higher competence in all aspects of TPACK except PCK. It concluded that Cambodian STEM pre-service teachers demonstrate adequate knowledge of content, pedagogy, and technology to integrate information communication and technology (ICT) into their teaching. Possessing a medium to a high level of TPACK, additional professional development programs are needed to assist pre-service teachers in reaching the highest TPACK level.

Analysis of the Implementation of Science Learning based on Teachers' Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) Capabilities

Teachers play a crucial role in facilitating students' understanding and making science material more accessible. To achieve this, educators must possess the capability to use technology, select appropriate learning models, and possess sufficient knowledge of the material - collectively termed as Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK). Therefore, this research aimed to analyze the implementation of science learning based on the teacher's TPACK ability level. The qualitative descriptive research method was employed, involving three science teachers selected through convenience sampling and identified as Teacher A, Teacher B, and Teacher C. TPACK ability data was obtained using a TPACK measurement questionnaire developed by Shmidt et al., (2009) with a total of 54 statement items with three general dimensions. They are Technological Knowledge (TK), Pedagogical Knowledge (PK), and Content Knowledge (CK). The analysis involved observing each teacher during science lessons evaluating the alignment of planning and implementation through an observation sheet. The results of the analysis show that teachers with high TPACK abilities also have more complex science learning in terms of material, method, and technology selection. The results of this research can be used as a reference for teachers in designing and applying learning, especially in terms of integrating technology into science learning.

Slovak Science teachers’ TPACK and Their Attitudes Toward Educational Technologies

ABSTRACT Enormous scientific and technological development has brought the requirement of appropriate implementation of technologies into the educational process. The use of educational technologies is determined by several factors. One of them are teachers, for whom the effective integration of educational technologies is still a challenging task. Teachers’ attitude toward technology makes a crucial point in this issue. An important element that determines teachers’ interest for using educational technologies is their perception of the effectiveness in the educational process and also their skills in using technology. This study presents the results of a research, which’s aim was to identify whether there are any statistically significant differences between science teachers’ self-efficacy and self-assessment, based on the TPACK frame, and their attitudes toward using technologies in educational processes. Science teachers rated their own TPACK moderately positive. They had the highest mean scores on the component items focusing on pedagogical knowledge and content knowledge. Lower mean scores were recorded in the components associated with technological knowledge, where teachers perceiving their technological content knowledge to be the worst one.