Technological Changes In Society Research Articles

A Study on Factors Influencing After-Sales Service of Reliance Fresh

To communicate, save, and manage information, teachers use a variety of ICT tools. ICT has become an integral part of teaching-learning, they are replacing chalkboards with interactive digital whiteboards and using smartphones or other devices for learning during class time. These approaches are leading towards higher order thinking skills, and creativity to express their understandings, and deal with ongoing technological change in society and the workplace. Integration of Information, Communication, and Technology (ICT) is assisting teachers with the global requirement for replacing traditional teaching methods with technology-based teaching and learning tools and facilities. ICT reduces the gap between parents, educators, and students by encouraging sustainable cooperative, and transparent communication methods. The integration of ICTs with the educational system is a complex, lengthy process that involves enough initial capital and other resources. The benefits of increased use of technology in education are specialized learning, project-based learning, increased collaboration, engaging content, and improved productivity and efficiency. ICT is playing salient roles in workplaces, business, education, and entertainment. The digital era of ICT gives the opportunities to learn and apply the required skills.

Design and Development of a Digital Personalized Learning Track: Bridging the Gap Between Textual and Visual Programming

Due to swift technological changes in society, programming tasks are proliferating in formal and informal education around the globe. However, challenges arise regarding the acquisition of programming skills. Many students are unequipped to develop programming skills due to limited instruction or background and therefore feel insecure when encountering programming in higher education. Some after-school initiatives focus on teaching younger students programming skills, however, not all students have the opportunity to attend. It can also be very challenging for teachers to teach programming—even more so due to significant differences in students’ knowledge and interests. To alleviate these challenges, we designed and developed a digital personalized learning (DPL) track for programming in the first grade of secondary education (12–14 year-old students) with a threefold purpose: (a) to encourage students bridging the gap between visual and more general-purpose textual programming languages (b) to meet differences in students’ programming knowledge by challenging them, albeit on their own pace, and subsequently (c) to support teachers in the delivery of programming education with relevant supportive learning materials. The design was tested by students and teachers, both of varying technical abilities. Assessments of the DPL-track were positive, with students identifying the tasks as challenging and the tools as motivating. Teachers praised the adaptivity, as well as the gradual transition from visual to textual programming. We present several suggestions for design improvement and dilemmas while reflecting on our design case.

Philosophy of education in the context of digital transformation of public life

The article is devoted to the study of the relationship between the philosophy of education and modern technological changes in society. The relevance of the study is determined by the rapidity of digital transformation, which transforms the educational landscape and requires rethinking approaches to learning.The purpose of the article is to develop recommendations aimed at overcoming the problems that hinder the transformation of education in Ukraine in the context of active digital transformation of public life.To achieve this goal, the study performed a number of tasks: the essence and content of the philosophy of education are considered; the main emphases of the new philosophy of education are identified, such as the creation of an innovative, technology-oriented learning environment, focus on deep digital transformation; the main technologies and developments that determine digital transformation in education are analyzed; the current challenges of digital transformation in education are highlighted; based on the results obtained, recommendations are put forward to overcome such challenges. The study used general scientific methods of cognition: induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, association and analogy.The study found that the revolutionary development of innovative technologies has called into question the established principles of modern education. Therefore, a paradigm shift in the philosophy of education is needed, which should focus on creating an innovative, technology-oriented learning environment and be strategically aligned with comprehensive digital transformation. However, the pace of digital transformation in Ukraine's education system is rather slow, due to unequal access to digital technologies, insufficient digital literacy, lack of quality and relevant content and resources, unstable and expensive Internet connections in some regions, and insufficient attention to cybersecurity. Addressing these challenges requires significant investments in building digital infrastructure, providing strong support to educators in mastering and using digital technologies, developing and implementing high-quality digital content for educational programs, and creating mechanisms to improve its accessibility. In addition, it is necessary to introduce reliable measures to protect educational institutions from potential cyber threats.The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of applying the results obtained to the development and implementation of digital transformation strategies in the educational sector of Ukraine.

Probability of discoveries between research fields to explain scientific and technological change

One of the fundamental problems in science is the understanding of discovery and innovation process to explain scientific and technological change in society. The study confronts this problem here by analyzing the different probability of unique (singleton) and multiple discoveries between research fields to clarify the inventive behavior in science and technology. The method here supposes that the occurrence of discoveries between research fields follows the Poisson distribution. This probabilistic model is applied to determine the probability of singletons and multiple discoveries, and inventions in medicine and physics that are critical research fields to science and society. We find that, over a period of ten years, the probability that at least one discovery occurs in physics and medicine is a rather similar event (11.1%), whereas the probability that at least two discoveries occur in these research fields is less than 1%, i.e., a very rare event. Results also suggest that the probability of patented inventions in medicine is higher than physics. The different probability of patented inventions in medicine can be mainly due to more opportunistic scholars, scientific institutions and stakeholders, associated with university-industry collaborations to develop inventions and commercialize innovations to solve health problems in society. These findings show the property of heterogeneity in inventive process between research fields and specificity of scientific and technological paths based on nature and scientific ecosystem of each discipline. These characteristics contribute theoretically to extend the theories of scientific change and practically to improve the decision making of policymakers for better allocating resources and supporting scientific planning having a positive societal impact of science.

Related rights: conceptual approaches, definition and key features

The development of technologies contributes to the emergence of new intangible objects that have potential value and are aimed at spreading the results of creativity and information. In this regard, the society is interested in encouraging the activities of entities that create such objects. One of the options for the protection of such objects is to grant the related rights. Considering the technological changes in society associated with the use of information and telecommunication networks and artificial intelligence, the issues of granting related rights to new entities gain relevance. In order to identify the possibility of expanding the institution of related rights and determine the directions of such expansion, the article analyzes the main approaches to the formation of the institute of related rights, their characteristics, and attempts to deliver a working definition of the concept of related rights. On the basis of a comparative analysis, the author considers Russian and foreign legislative acts in the field of intellectual property, international treaties on copyright and related rights, as well as legal literature. The most supported idea of the formation of the institute of related rights is the functional purpose of the activities of subjects of related rights, acting as intermediaries between authors and representatives of the public. However, the institute itself is evolving and recognition of related rights for new subjects depends not only on the functional purpose of the activity, but also on their organizational and/or economic contribution aimed at processing and disseminating works and information. It can be assumed that the institute of related rights will continue to expand with the development of technologies and the public demand for new services provided by new technologies.

Assessing the mediating effect of leadership capabilities on the relationship between organisational resilience and organisational performance

PurposeThe COVID-19 pandemic had brought drastic economic, social and technological changes in society. The drastic changes and uncertainty in the environment had forced various industries to evolve effectively to cope with the unexpected change and subsequently bounce back to regain business success. For instance, private higher learning institutions face steep challenges due to the shortfall of organisational capabilities. The study aims to examine the role of leadership capabilities and organisational resilience in regaining organisational success among higher private learning institutions in Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachAccording to the dynamic capabilities theory, organisational resilience and leadership capabilities are among the highest order of indicators for organisational success. Subsequently, this study examines the mediating role of leadership capabilities on the relationship between organisational resilience on organisational performance. The dynamic capabilities-based framework was tested using the structural equation modelling technique with the use of partial least squares approach. Data were analysed using 120 responses.FindingsBased on the 120-questionnaire survey received, this study found that organisational resilience and leadership capabilities contribute significantly to the performance of private higher learning institutions. In addition, this study found strong support for the mediating role of leadership capabilities to promote performance. The findings have both theoretical and practical implications for post-disaster organisation resilience development.Research limitations/implicationsThe work focuses on values that would have an impact towards organisational performance, which is an important factor of survival in an unpredictable environment. The findings are limited by the indicated constraints used in this study.Practical implicationsOrganisational survival techniques would provide managers, owners and leaders effective techniques that can be implemented to extend and improve the organisation's life cycle. The focus on organisational resilience and leadership factors would greatly improve the overall sustainability and performance of the organisation.Originality/valueThe study contributed by showing the importance, use and interaction needed from organisational resilience and leadership capabilities for them to survive when there is a sudden change in the environment. The timing and uniqueness of the data during the pandemic illustrates how organisations can survive with high levels of weightage towards resilience and leadership. This research is different from other studies as it had examined the impact of values and resilience and leadership in organisations.

The Global Business of Sport in a Brave New World: Conceptualising a Framework for Alternative Futures.

In July 1991, Sports Illustrated published a special issue featuring two articles that prognosticated about what sport would look like 10 years later. As the world entered the 21st century, Sports Illustrated writers, Oscar Johnson and Ron Fimrite, offered their visions of sport in the year 2001. Their analysis highlighted how a range of economic, social and technological changes in society would impact on how sport is structured, produced and consumed, but also offered insights into the future of the major professional sport leagues in North America. It has been 30 years since they publicised their views and, while technology continues to impact sport, the Covid-19 pandemic has forced the world to pause and to consider a range of deep, soul-searching questions about the nature of society, including sport. Against this background, we consider the opportunities and challenges for sport in the 21st century. The paper is divided into three sections including: (1) a reflection on the meaning, value and significance of sport including its privileged position in society, or what we refer to as “sporting exceptionalism”; (2) a brief overview of a case study that illustrates the challenges facing the global business of sport; and, (3) a framework for conceptualising alternative futures in the global business of sport, drawing on examples from women's sport.

Current technological changes in society and family farms

Human society is now directly linked to digitized technologies, creating a robotic effect for the future of society. However, 70% of the world's food production is supplied by family farms, which leads us to say that a combination of technology and the human capacity to absorb this technology will give the necessary socio-economic balance. People and technology are connected directly and permanently. Scientific discoveries have influenced society and progress over the years, and examples include the discovery of fire, the invention and development of vaccines and antibiotics that have allowed people to reduce their mortality rates significantly in the eighteenth century. Another example of scientific progress is the use of fossil fuels, electricity, fertilizers, technological equipment present in family farms as an element of optimization of productive flows. These discoveries / researches / inventions have changed the way people live. More at this moment, we are witnessing technological breakthroughs (blockchain technology) in the virtual space with implications for everything that exists, from education, industry, services, finance, research and continuing at the societal level.

Digital Fluency and the Construction of Pedagogical Strategies for Distance Learning

The objective of the study is to identify Pedagogical Strategies (PS) that can contribute to the construction of Digital Fluency in the Distance Learning (DL) context. Technological changes in society include their own set of knowledge, skills, and attitudes called Digital Competences (DC). Specifically, in distance learning, digital fluency is considered paramount since it is related to the use of technologies where the subject feels digitally active, especially with regard to the production of content/materials for the virtual environment. This can be divided into five specific competences: Content Production, Data Protection, Networking, Virtual Resilience, and Teamwork. Thus, PS were created from the analysis of competences in order to assist the instructors to build them with their students in the DL environment. This study used a qualitative methodology based on an interpretative approach. The instrument used for data collection was an online questionnaire evaluating the Pedagogical Strategies for the Digital Fluency Competence. The target audience of the research was 90 specialists in the area of ​​distance learning who responded and suggested changes to the PS. The results enabled the development of a framework with 46 Pedagogical Strategies divided into the 5 specific competences of Digital Fluency to aid teachers in meeting students’ needs.

Antimonopoly Regulation as the Main Direction of Regulatory Framework of Business Activity

The paper examines the features of antimonopoly regulation of business activity in the context of regulatory framework. Based on the analysis of competition legislation and the standpoints of modern researchers in the field of antimonopoly regulation, the author identifies the mechanism for changing the structure of the commodity market, as well as the mechanism for implementing market power. Antimonopoly regulation is the main area of normative regulation of business activity, in which public interests prevail over private ones, limiting freedom of business activity, which, in turn, requires a more thorough development of the state’s position in relation to business entities. It is emphasized that a complete ban on monopolies is inappropriate, since they often act as a source of technological changes in society. In addition, within the framework of the state competition policy, public interests are realized and the development of certain sectors of the economy is supported. As a result of the study, the author concludes that the use of prohibitions per se should not become a general rule in the implementation of antitrust regulation, and it is necessary to define clear criteria for the use of these prohibitions.

Ensuring the National Security of Agriculture in the Digital Era through the Formation of Human Capital

Purpose: Over the past few years in many literary sources and the media an issue of the digital economy is rapidly gaining popularity due to the qualitative technological changes in society. In current circumstances the qualitative component of labor resources called “human capital” is a priority value. Design/Methodology/Approach: The following research methods have been used in the work: monographic, abstract-logical, sociological, economic-mathematical and calculation-constructive ones. Findings: The solution of the problem of ensuring food security of the population of the region depends on the methods and strategies of applying technologies in domestic and global agriculture, as well as on the correct and effective use of scientific-technical implementations in the industry. Practical implications: Identification of segments in tourism is mainly made based on their geographical, demographical, socio-economic, psychographic, behavior characteristics or their combinations. On the other hand, the authors stress on the fact that there is no universal segmentation approach and therefore, potential tourists can be classified based on other characteristics. Originality/Value: The use of digital technologies in the agricultural industry will increase the efficiency of production activities.

Paradoxes of Students’ Non-formal Education

Introduction. The research topicality lies in the inference that formal education system loses its ability to respond quickly to socio-cultural and technological changes in society. The purpose of the article is to study the international and domestic experience of non-formal education, to identify the practices of non-formal education among students, and to examine the prospects and para doxes of non-formal education. Materials and Methods. The study encompassed such levels as macrosocial, mesosocial, and microsocial. The authors’ methodology comprised two stages. The first part of the research was theoretical. The second part included in-depth interviews (N = 126) and questionnaire results processing (N = 894). Results. The examples of foreign countries show institutional opportunities, regulation mechanisms, and means of recognition of non-formal education. The scale of distribution of non-formal education in the world is presented. The empirical research shows that the absolute majority of the Russian students are not involved in non-formal educational practices. The main objective of non-formal education is to obtain actual knowledge, living and vocational skills within a short time period. Only a third of respondents admit that non-formal education has had a positive ef fect on their employment. Discussion and Conclusion. The study allows to deepen knowledge about the education system transformation, to identify possible strategies to remove young people’s qualification gaps and retards and overcome barriers existing on the labor market. The study results can be used to develop theoretical concepts and conduct a comparative analysis, as well as in practical activities of educational organizations. The study will help identify the opinion of employers regarding their readiness to recognize qualifications earned through non-formal education.

Digitalizacija poreske administracije u Srbiji

Tax administrations (TAs) in the developed countries are entering the final phase of digitalization, where the complete change of tax paradigm is the final goal. That is a level in which a TA uses data submitted by individuals and legal entities to assess taxes, without the need for any further collection of the same. As a response to technological changes in society and business, digitalization permitted TAs to use technologies such as advanced analytics, pre-population, big data analytics, and blockchain. As a result, the TAs significantly increased efficiency, improved the level of services offered to taxpayers, and introduced new services. The tax administration in Serbia has taken the first step in the digitalization process. It concerns the transition from paper to digital data formats, database creation and investment in human capital and IT, which is a prerequisite for converging with the developed countries and a response to the needs of the digital society. Despite the progress made, the Serbian TA is still at the beginning of the process of transformation into a modern, digitally oriented system. Some recommendations for the next steps in Serbia and the security aspect of the TA digitalization process are also considered.

Event Review of BPLTC III: Food Control

In Eastern Bloc’s recent exhibition BPLTC 111: Food Control new media artists use digital technologies as both a form of aesthetic presentation and a kind of mimicry to critique the technologically driven industrial food system. This exhibition was the last of a three-part exhibition on Biopolitics. The objective of the show is to explore how research and technological changes in society influence the ways food is distributed and accessed within contemporary regimes--a familiar topic to many food studies scholars.

Problem-driven innovations in drug discovery: Co-evolution of the patterns of radical innovation with the evolution of problems

A fundamental problem in the field of the product innovation management in biopharmaceutical industry is how to explain the general source of drug discovery and radical innovations that sustain the competitive advantage of firms and technological progress in medicine. The current study confronts this problem by developing a conceptual framework of problem-driven innovation. The inductive study, based on ground-breaking drugs for lung cancer treatment, shows that the perception and solution of problem is an invariant force that supports the source of radical innovation and evolution of new technology in medicine. In fact, the evolution of radical innovations, driven by the evolution of consequential problems, is one of main determinants that generates a technological change in biopharmaceutical and other industries. This finding, in a Schumpeterian world of innovation-based competition, is due to the organizational behavior of leading firms that have a strong incentive to find innovative solutions to unsolved problems in order to achieve the prospect of a (temporary) profit monopoly. The main aim of this article is therefore to clarify and to generalize whenever possible, the source and evolution of path-breaking innovations in medicine to explain the long-term technological change in society. The study here also shows the important role of data-sharing health policy in order to solve problems and promote innovation for better therapies and an efficient “healthcare ecosystem”.

Older Adults’ Performance in Technology-Based Tasks: Cognitive Ability and Beyond

Considering both demographic and technological changes in society, the potential of technology to support older adults has recently attracted much attention. For physically frail individuals with cognitive impairment, user-friendly technologies may facilitate activities of daily living. The current study assessed the performance of older adults without cognitive impairment (n = 27) and with mild cognitive impairment (n = 26) using three types of technology. Relationships between performance in the technology-based tasks and cognitive abilities (e.g., visual-spatial abilities), personality characteristics (e.g., self-efficacy), and previous technology experience were examined using a mixed-methods approach including video analyses and psychological testing. Findings underscore that both cognitive abilities and personality-related characteristics contribute to individual differences in users' performance. Nuanced knowledge of older adults' specific difficulties, abilities, and resources may help improve the fit between user needs and technological requirements, with implications for technology developers and practitioners.

Charlie Chaplin in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction: Reflexive Ambiguity in Modern Times

Charlie Chaplin produced Modern Times in the midst of social upheaval and professional peril: the Great Depression called into question the optimism that had surrounded the ‘Machine Age,’ and the success of talking motion pictures threatened Chaplin’s cinematic career as a silent filmmaker and star. These factors have influenced a critical consensus that views Modern Times as resorting to exhausted Chaplin formulas and shying away from social criticism. In light of a careful reading of the reflexive gestures in Chaplin’s film and of primary documents of the period, Howe questions this consensus. Instead, his analysis interprets the reflexivity in Chaplin’s film as representations of production and consumption that emphasize the dynamism that these two economic forces exerted on society as a whole and on Hollywood in particular. The film’s double reflexivity, Howe concludes, establishes a parallel between Chaplin’s dilemma as a filmmaker and the equivocal cultural attitudes toward the influence of industrial technology on economics, politics, and aesthetics because both derive from the tension between technological change in society and the technological basis of art in the early twentieth century. In that intersection of forces, Modern Times reflects not only Chaplin’s own political and aesthetic concerns, but also the complex meanings that technology had acquired in both the production of culture and the culture of production.

Advances in Medical Education: The Importance of Communication and Collaboration

Advances in Medical Education: The Importance of Communication and Collaboration

After the Ball Is Over

This review article is stimulated by the publication by Polity Press in 2008 of a translation of Bourdieu’s Le Bal des célibataires, which had been published by Editions du Seuil in the year of his death — 2002. Le Bal des célibataires assembled three articles about his native Béarn which Bourdieu had written at roughly ten-year intervals, starting in 1962. Given that Le Bal des célibataires formally constitutes a new publication in that it juxtaposes the three earlier articles, adds a short introduction and republishes, as an appendix, a methodological article first published in the 1970s, the 2002 text provides access to four stages in the development of Bourdieu’s reflexive analysis of traditional society (dating from 1962, 1972, 1989 and 2002). The article draws attention to some of the objective socio-economic changes in Béarn society in the second half of the 20th century and asks whether the autonomous logic of Bourdieu’s conceptual development in this period was the product of his partisan participation in an originally traditional situation and whether his maintenance of this logic over time was a device to give scientific legitimation to that situation. Consideration of these microcosmic analyses of the Béarn raises questions relevant to international socio-economic development in general, about whether sociology is equipped to offer a scientific explanation of economic and technological changes in society or whether, by definition, it is categorally committed to a conservative value-orientation which criticizes ‘post-human’ postmodernity.

Bioart: Biotechnology and Art

Art has been historically associated with cultural and technological changes in society. Recently imaging, genetics and new biological sciences have been utilized in what is known as Bioart. Visual science digital imaging, photonics, genomics, tissue engineering, and cloning utilize colored pixels. The visual scientist, biologist, geneticist, eyecare practitioner and artist work with a variety of bio-technology images. These images may be considered as an inspiration for Bioart. Internet references to some ophthalmic digital technology sites are provided. The Optometrist may view digital ocular diagnostic and therapeutic images with an appreciation of its aesthetics.