Introduction: Breast reconstruction after mastectomy is a crucial part of the recovery process for women who have faced breast cancer. However, trends in this field are constantly evolving, with new surgical techniques, technological advances, and a deeper understanding of aesthetic and functional outcomes. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the different approaches and techniques of breast reconstruction available, evaluate the aesthetic, functional, and psychological outcomes of different reconstruction options, identify the challenges faced by patients, including emotional, financial, and access to health care, and investigate recent innovations and emerging trends in breast reconstruction. Methods: This research involved a review of the scientific literature from the last 3 years, analyzing articles from medical journals, systematic reviews, cohort studies, and randomized clinical trials related to the topic. The MEDLINE database was used with the help of the PubMed search engine and English descriptors to include global studies in the final search. Results: The results showed a wide range of options available for breast reconstruction, including breast implants, autologous tissue flaps such as the latissimus dorsi flap and the rectus abdominis flap, and combined reconstruction techniques. An increase in the use of nipple and areola preservation techniques was observed, as well as a greater emphasis on symmetry and natural appearance of the final result through lipofilling. Challenges faced by patients include equitable access to reconstructive care, risks associated with reconstructive surgery, and psychosocial and emotional considerations. Conclusion: Breast reconstruction after mastectomy continues to evolve, offering patients a variety of options to restore breast form and function, increasingly modern and with improved outcomes. Significant challenges remain, including issues of access to health care, financial costs, and the psychological impact of surgery. Continued advancement of research and collaboration among health care professionals are essential to address these challenges and ensure that all women have access to high-quality reconstructive options and comprehensive support.