This paper attempts to present the dualistic and structural approach for the most efficient promotion of technological innovation in order to enable Korea to make the quantum leap from the ranks of a developing to that of an advanced country. From a realistic viewpoint, on the one hand, an accumulative and gradual approach is required for pursuing 「incremental innovation」, 「radical innovation」 and 「new technology system」. On the other hand, from a future oriented point of view, 「change in the techno-economic paradigm」should be sought in a revolutionary and break-through manner, only through which will it be possible for us to make this quantum leap. In Korea, this change in techno-economic paradigm is possible because aur science and technology capability has been well accumulated in certain fields, such as semiconductors. In addition, it actually can be relatively easily achieved as Korea enjoys the advantage of being a latecomer, in that social transition cost is less of a burden than in moderately advanced countries.