Treatment Techniques Research Articles

Overview of the Current Advancements and Trends in the Transungual Drug Delivery System

Background: Drug delivery across human nails is termed a transungual drug delivery system. It is recommended for the amelioration of nail disorders and infectious nail diseases like onychomycosis. Thereby, vivid anti-fungal regimens have been prescribed in the form of different types of formulations, including nail lacquers, nail film, nail paint, and other types for treating onychomycosis. Method: All the formulations currently marketed or being marketed for the transungal drug delivery system were thoroughly studied, compared, and evaluated for their advantages and disadvantages so that a new vision can be sustained along the path of creating newer anti-fungal transunguals, keeping in mind the anatomy of the nail and various parameters that govern bioavailability of active pharmaceutical ingredients across the nail bed. Accordingly, different techniques are devised to enhance permeation across the nail. The various parameters used to evaluate these formulations depend upon their physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. Conclusion: The recent approaches in transungual novel drug delivery systems have been reported while exemplifying a few patented and marketed formulations, along with the clinical trial status of these formulations. There is a need for the development of new techniques to overcome all the loopholes present in the ongoing treatment techniques and the formulations used nowadays for the treatments of diseases that occur in nails. After thoroughly detailing transungal novel drug delivery systems, we envisage great opportunities for the researchers to carry out novel work in chemotherapy through nails.

An investigation into crack initiation and extension mechanism of laminar plasma quenched-tempered rail material with different quenched zones

Laminar Plasma Quenching Tempering (LPQT) is an innovative surface treatment technique for rails, which effectively enhances both their fatigue resistance and wear resistance. This study examines the crack initiation and propagation mechanisms in LPQT-treated rail materials with distinct quenched zones using double-disc testing and metallographic analysis. The findings indicate that the crack initiation and propagation process in LPQT rails with different quenched zones is characterized by four stages. Moreover, the grain size within the spot-quenched zone of LPQT rails is notably smaller, which results in a reduced resistance to RCF crack propagation. Consequently, the crack propagation in point-quenched LPQT rail material is more intricate, with a more severe damage scenario.

Immune infiltration analysis based on pyroptosis-related gene in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease

IntroductionMetabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a prevalent chronic disease that can involve pyroptosis. The primary objective of this study was to conduct a thorough and comprehensive analysis the pyroptosis-related genes in MAFLD. MethodsWe identified pyroptosis-related differentially expressed genes (PRDEGs) in both healthy individuals and MAFLD patients. Using various bioinformatic approaches, we conducted an immune infiltration analysis from multiple perspectives. ResultsA total of 20 pyroptosis-related LASSO genes were obtained, and 10 hub genes were used to do immune infiltration analysis. The hub genes were utilized in the construction of interaction networks between mRNA-miRNA and mRNA-TF. Immune characteristics analysis revealed multiple immune cell types significantly related to PRDEG expression, particularly genes HSP90AA1, TSLP, CDK9, and BRD4. ConclusionPyroptosis-related immune infiltration might be a mechanism of MAFLD progression and offers a research direction for potential treatment techniques.

Performance evaluation of a simple electrochemical treatment model for saline wastewaters: Part B

This paper investigated the performance of the electrochemical treatment technique in removing chloride from saline wastewater (brine) with the critical objective of purifying the wastewater, evaluated the efficacies of selected mathematical models and particular attention to selected polynomial regression models as a follow-up to previous studies. The saline wastewaters were prepared and subjected to electrochemical treatment using developed carbon–resin (anode) and aluminium (cathode) electrodes. Electrochemical treatment of the synthesised saline wastewaters (between 10 x 10^3 mg/l and 40 x 10^3 mg/l of chloride) was conducted on a laboratory scale. The influences of selected or picked-out operational factors on the functioning or efficacy of the electrochemical purification process of the wastewater were monitored using fractional factorial experiments. Three mathematical models were formulated using Microsoft Excel Solver and evaluated statistically. The study revealed that the current, the time and the interval distance between the electrodes were significant and vital factors that impacted on the performance of the electrochemical purification treatment of brine. The factors with negative special effects on the performance of the treatment process of brine were separation distance between the electrodes, pH, the depth of the electrode, the initial and primary concentration of the chloride and the flow and discharge rate of the wastewater. The performances or efficacy of the polynomial regression models in predicting the performance of the treatment technique were with average errors of 2.99 %, 2.97 % and 2.94% and accuracy of 97.01 %, 97.03 % and 97.06 % for Models A, B and C, respectively. It was concluded that the electrochemical treatment of brine with carbon-resin electrodes is efficient in removing chloride from brine and the selected models predicted the performance of the treatment technique well.

Methods of interventional radiology in the diagnosis and treatment of liver tumor

Over the past two decades, interventional radiology techniques have become an integral part of the treatment of primary and metastatic liver tumors. Today, interventional radiology has at its disposal a wide range of diagnostic and therapeutic minimally invasive technologies that are used as stand-alone treatment options or in combination with other therapies for cancer patients. The development and increasing adoption of interventional radiology in clinical practice makes it possible to achieve treatment results comparable to classical surgery. The aim of the present work is to provide an overview of the possibilities of interventional radiology methods in the treatment of primary and metastatic liver tumors. The description of techniques, brief historical reviews, classifications and indications for their performance are given.

Comparative analysis and machine learning predictions of cervical cancer incidence: A multi-national study

This proposal presents a comprehensive investigation of cervical cancer frequency and patterns, with a focus on a multi-national perspective, particularly highlighting the circumstance in Bangladesh. Utilizing a mix of auxiliary information survey, comparative investigation, and predictive modeling, this study sheds light on the worldwide landscape of cervical cancer, emphasizing disparities in rate, screening hones, and healthcare framework. The inquire about utilizes machine learning calculations, especially linear regression, to extend future patterns of cervical cancer in Bangladesh up to 2050. Moreover, an in-depth examination of statistical, clinical, and treatment characteristics of 223 cervical cancer patients in Bangladesh offers basic bits of knowledge into components affecting results. Key discoveries uncover noteworthy fluctuations in treatment and discovery techniques over nations, underscoring the requirement for more harmonized worldwide healthcare approaches. The predictive analysis indicates a potential stabilization in cervical cancer cases in Bangladesh, suggesting a positive trend due to ongoing healthcare efforts. This proposition contributes to the existing body of information on cervical cancer, giving profitable bits of knowledge for healthcare arrangement definition and execution precisely in resource-limited settings.

SEWAGE WATER TREATMENT AND ITS EFFECT ON THE CLEANLINESS OF WATER: A REVIEW FROM ISLAMIC AND SCIENCE PERSPECTIVE

Due to the water combining with feces, sewage water found in the Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) is classified as mutanajjis. However, the wastewater cleaned with current technology in STP has created concerns, particularly among Muslims, over whether it can be classified as muṭlaq water or not. The purpose of this study is to compare the cleaning mechanism from an Islamic perspective with the sewage water treatment technique in Indah Water Konsortium (IWK) Malaysia. Next, to examine the treated sewage water and its impact on the law of ṭahārah in Islam. This study uses a qualitative approach using data collection techniques by document analysis, observations at the Regional Sewage Water Treatment Plant (RSTP) KL-Titiwangsa 2 owned by Indah Water Konsortium (IWK) Malaysia, interviews with Shariah and water experts, and laboratory analysis. The results of the study revealed that the wastewater treatment technology at RSTP Serantau KL-Titiwangsa 2 can change the status of water from mutanajjis to muṭlaq because it meets all the criteria for muṭlaq water set by the fuqaha. Through the results of laboratory analysis, the treated sewage water is categorized in the same category as muṭlaq water. Therefore, the water can be used for ṭahārah purposes. It also sheds light on the aspects of environmental sustainability from an Islamic perspective.

Evaluation of characterization and adsorption kinetics of natural organic matter onto nitric acid modified activated carbon

Natural organic substances (NOM) found in drinking water are a major contributor to disinfectant by-product formation and are potentially toxic to humans. Traditional water treatment techniques may not always effectively treat NOMs. Therefore, an advanced treatment method such as adsorption can be inexpensive, simple and efficient. The selected adsorbent's and the NOMs properties both affect the removal effectiveness of the adsorption method. Activated carbon (AC), which is widely used in real-scale water treatment plants, has been modified and used in recent years In order to oxidize the porous carbon surface, raise its acidic qualities, eliminate mineral components, and enhance the surface's hydrophilic qualities. In this research, AC was modified with nitric acid (M-PAC) and NOM removal was investigated. In addition, it is discussed how the modification with nitric acid changes the adsorbent structure and chemistry. A morphology with smooth and irregular voids was observed as a result of nitric acid modification of the original AC by SEM analysis. The particle size increased from 387.65 nm to 502.07 nm for the M-PAC adsorbent. The FTIR spectrum indicates that structures connected to aromatic rings get formed in the M-PAC adsorbent as a result of the modification. The highest NOM removal for the original powdered activated carbon (PAC), 47%, was observed at 36 hours of contact time. On the other hand, M-PAC adsorbent achieved 40% NOM removal at contact times of 72 hours and above. It was concluded that the pseudo-second order kinetic model better represented NOM adsorption for both adsorbents.

Enamel White Spot Lesions: A Review of Etiology, Prevention, and Treatment

Enamel White Spot Lesions (EWSLs) are a common dental condition characterized by being opaque or chalky white in appearance. In this review, an overview of the etiology, prevention, and treatment techniques for EWSLs is presented. Enamel demineralization caused by bacteria in dental plaque which releases acids upon the consumption of fermentable carbohydrates causing mineral loss is thought to be the main cause of those lesions, which could be predisposed through orthodontic treatment, poor diet, inadequate oral hygiene and certain medical conditions. So, sustaining an adequate carbohydrate consumption, proper fluoride exposure and good oral hygiene are some of the practices which aid in these lesions’ prevention. Although the success or failure of treatment of EWSLs depends on patient cooperation, depth of the lesion and lesion severity, treatment of those EWSLs should begin with the most conservative approach like remineralization and if failed then more invasive microabrasion, infiltration and maybe even restoration treatment strategies can be pursued. Further research is still needed in the prevention and treatment strategies.

CT-Guided Percutaneous Cryoablation of Breast Cancer: A Single-Center Experience.

This study shall retrospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of liquid-nitrogen based CT-guided cryoablation (CA) as a minimal-invasive technique for the curative treatment of primary breast cancer. A total of 45 female patients with 56 tumors were treated by CT-guided CA in analgosedation as an outpatient procedure. We used a liquid-nitrogen based system with a single cryoprobe and performed two freeze cycles with an intermediate thawing. The mean tumor diameter was 1.6 ± 0.7 cm. Follow-up was conducted via contrast-enhanced MR images of the breast. No complications were observed in all 56 ablations. Initial complete ablation was achieved in 100% of cases. Four cases of local tumor progression were reported, resulting in a rate of 8.9%, and 6 cases of intramammary distant recurrence at a rate of 13.3%. The extramammary tumor progression was observed in 7 patients at a rate of 15.6%. The mean overall survival was 4.13 years (95% CI: 3.7-4.5). The mean overall progression-free survival was 2.5 years (95% CI: 1.8-3.2) and the mean local progression-free survival was 2.9 years (95% CI: 2.3-3.6). Cryoablation is a safe and effective treatment for primary breast cancer tumors, which can be performed in analgosedation and as an outpatient procedure. However, potential for improvement exists and further evidence is necessary.

Clinical Implications and Management of Spontaneous Portosystemic Shunts in Liver Cirrhosis.

Portal hypertension from chronic liver disease leads to the formation of collateral blood vessels called spontaneous portosystemic shunts (SPSS). These shunts may form from existing vessels or through neo-angiogenesis. Their location affects clinical outcomes due to varying risks and complications. This review summarizes current knowledge on SPSS, covering their clinical impact and management strategies. Recent data suggest that SPSS increases the risk of variceal bleeding, regardless of shunt size. The size of the shunt is crucial in the rising incidence of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) linked to SPSS. It also increases the risk of portopulmonary hypertension and portal vein thrombosis. Detecting and assessing SPSS rely on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging. CT enables precise measurements and the prediction of cirrhosis progression. Management focuses on liver disease progression and SPSS-related complications, like HE, variceal bleeding, and portopulmonary hypertension. Interventional radiology techniques such as balloon-occluded, plug-assisted, and coil-assisted retrograde transvenous obliteration play a pivotal role. Surgical options are rare but are considered when other methods fail. Liver transplantation (LT) often resolves SPSS. Intraoperative SPSS ligation is still recommended in patients at high risk for developing HE or graft hypoperfusion.

An intricate balancing act: Upstream and downstream frameshift co-regulatory elements.

Targeting ribosomal frameshifting has emerged as a potential therapeutic intervention strategy against Covid-19. During ribosomal translation, a fraction of elongating ribosomes slips by one base in the 5 ' direction and enters a new reading frame for viral protein synthesis. Any interference with this process profoundly affects viral replication and propagation. For Covid-19, two RNA sites associated with ribosomal frameshifting for SARS-CoV-2 are positioned on the 5 ' and 3 ' of the frameshifting residues. Although much attention has been on the 3 ' frameshift element (FSE), the 5 ' stem-loop (attenuator hairpin, AH) can play a role. The formation of AH has been suggested to occur as refolding of the 3 ' RNA structure is triggered by ribosomal unwinding. However, the attenuation activity and the relationship between the two regions are unknown. To gain more insight into these two related viral RNAs and to further enrich our understanding of ribosomal frameshifting for SARS-CoV-2, we explore the RNA folding of both 5 ' and 3 ' regions associated with frameshifting. Using our graph-theory-based modeling tools to represent RNA secondary structures, "RAG" (RNA-As-Graphs), and conformational landscapes to analyze length-dependent conformational distributions, we show that AH coexists with the 3-stem pseudoknot of the 3 ' FSE (graph 3_6 in our dual graph notation) and alternative pseudoknot (graph 3_3) but less likely with other 3 ' FSE alternative folds (such as 3-way junction 3_5). This is because an alternative length-dependent Stem 1 (AS1) can disrupt the FSE pseudoknots and trigger other folds. In addition, we design four mutants for long lengths that stabilize or disrupt AH, AS1 or FSE pseudoknot to illustrate the deduced AH/AS1 roles and favor the 3_5, 3_6 or stem-loop. These mutants further show how a strengthened pseudoknot can result from a weakened AS1, while a dominant stem-loop occurs with a strengthened AS1. These structural and mutational insights into both ends of the FSE in SARS-CoV-2 advance our understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 frameshifting mechanism by suggesting a sequence of length-dependent folds, which in turn define potential therapeutic intervention techniques involving both elements. Our work also highlights the complexity of viral landscapes with length-dependent folds, and challenges in analyzing these multiple conformations.

Desmoplastic fibroma of the mandible. Clinical observation

Desmoplastic fibroma is a rare aggressive fibroblastic/myofiberblastic benign bone tumor. It ranks 0.1% of all primary bone tumors. Differential diagnosis of this pathology is not easy, since the tumor has a similar X-ray and histological – pathological picture with some benign and malignant neoplasms. The article presents the review of foreign literature on the topic: historical data, clinical manifestations, comparative analysis of the informative value of differential diagnosis techniques, treatment tactics used in world practice. The clinical observation of a patient with mandibular desmoplastic fibroma is presented in detail. The clinical and diagnostic picture is given also in detail. Obtained histological preparation is described. The main stages and results of the chosen surgical tactics are outlined. Given the rarity of the disease, the complexity of its diagnosis and the lack of a standard surgical treatment technique, the results of the article may have the great practical and scientific interest.

Optimizing conventional radiotherapy: A synergistic approach with generative artificial intelligence and computational sustainability

Conventional radiotherapy (CR) stands at a critical juncture, poised for transformation through the integration of cutting-edge technologies. This article explores the transformative potential of integrating generative artificial intelligence (GAI) and computational sustainability (CS) principles into CR. The convergence of GAI techniques, such as generative adversarial networks, with CS offers novel approaches for optimizing treatment planning, enhancing precision, and ensuring long-term sustainability in radiotherapy practices. We delve deeper into the personalized medicine strategy facilitated by generative models, taking into account patient-specific anatomical variations and dose optimization. The article highlights the role of GAI in adaptive radiotherapy, enabling real-time adjustments to treatment plans based on dynamic changes in patient anatomy. CS principles contribute to resource optimization and energy efficiency, addressing the environmental impact of CR practices. The synergy between GAI and CS fosters innovations in treatment techniques, data-driven decision-making, and ethical considerations, promoting equitable access and minimizing disparities. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the potential benefits and challenges associated with the integration of GAI and CS in CR, shaping the future of precision, efficiency, and sustainable radiotherapy practices.

Intrasylvian Retraction Technique to Facilitate the Sylvian Fissure Dissection: A Clinical Study of 125 Cases

AbstractAlthough many authors have recommended the retractorless technique to avoid retractor-induced brain injury, others usually use brain retractors with a meticulous technique to facilitate the surgery, especially for sylvian fissure dissection. The intrasylvian retraction technique was described for sylvian fissure opening, but no clinical evidence was found. We evaluate the efficacy and safety of this technique for the distal transsylvian approach. We reviewed the video records of clinical cases where the distal transsylvian approach was performed using the intrasylvian retraction technique for aneurysm treatment and middle cerebral artery (MCA) bypass between September 2018 and August 2022. Operative techniques are described. The efficacy and safety of the technique were assessed by full exposure of the sylvian fissure and new postoperative perisylvian hematoma, respectively. One hundred twenty-five cases were included and had an average age of 53.5 (range 16–85) years. Women comprised 73.6%. Aneurysm surgery, pure MCA revascularization, and aneurysm surgery with MCA revascularization were 106 (84.8%), 12 (9.6%), and 7 cases (5.6%), respectively. The most common aneurysm location was the internal carotid artery-posterior communicating artery junction in 37 cases (34.9%), followed by the anterior communicating artery in 27 (25.5%). Full exposure of the Sylvian fissure was achieved in all cases. No perisylvian hematoma was detected by immediate postoperative computed tomography in any patient. Using an appropriate technique for brain retractor application, sylvian fissure dissection was safely performed. The intrasylvian retraction technique effectively facilitated sylvian fissure dissection and provided wide exposure for the distal transsylvian approach.

The impact of atmospheric air plasma treatment on the polyfunctional end-use polyester fabric using new synthetic pyrazole dye

Before gluing, bonding, and painting, a variety of materials' surfaces can be modified using the widely used plasma treatment technique. These materials include plastics, glass, metals, and wood. Materials' physical and chemical properties are changed in an environmentally responsible way to enhance or confer particular qualities. The recently used technology known as low-temperature atmospheric pressure plasma (LTAPP) allows heat-sensitive materials to be surface modified in a simple, one-step process. Polymer-based materials are frequently surface modified using LTAPP treatment to improve adhesion, printability, and surface sterility. Polyester's superior mechanical and physical qualities have led to its widespread use as a technical textile and garment material in the form of fibers, films, and plastics. Its limited versatility in terms of end use has been caused by its poor surface properties as the hydrophobic nature of polyester surface, roughness, the crystallinity, and lack of dyeability which are the main drawback restricting its use in different textile applications especially during wet treatments unlike natural fibers. In order to increase the fabric's hydrophilicity and dyeability, the surface of a polyester fabric was altered in this study using atmospheric pressure plasma treatment with atmospheric plasma jet and dielectric barrier discharge (APJ-DBD) technology in air. The primary obstacles in making dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma treatment suitable for industrial purposes are the extended duration of treatment and the utilization of elevated voltage levels. The combination between the atmospheric plasma jet and the dielectric barrier discharge reduces the optimal treatment time to 1 min and the applied voltage to 3.3 kV. After being exposed to oxygen plasma species for a brief period of time (between 30 and 300 s), and were analyzed using an X-ray diffraction machine, an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), static contact angle, and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to investigate changes in the morphology and chemical nature of the surface, respectively. Fabric wettability increased as a result of plasma treatment, which also increased the fabric's surface roughness, as demonstrated by SEM and X-ray diffraction. The contact angle decreases by increasing the treatment time. The dyeability of untreated and plasma-treated samples was examined with respect to washing, rubbing, perspiration, sublimation, and light fastness. Additionally, color strength was examined. Adequately, compared to the untreated fabric, polyester treated with plasma showed improved dyeing performances. The technical reactivity of poly (ethylene-terephthalate) (PET) fabrics was found to be effectively increased by atmospheric air plasma treatment, creating new avenues for surface modification in light of the expanding environmental and energy-saving concerns.

Renal Artery Stenosis: Current Insights and Advances in Management

Renal artery stenosis (RAS) presents a significant challenge in clinical practice, often leading to treatment-resistant hypertension and renal dysfunction. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current insights and advances in managing RAS, encompassing its pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment strategies, recent research, and future directions. RAS, predominantly caused by atherosclerosis or fibromuscular dysplasia, poses a substantial burden on affected individuals, necessitating early diagnosis and intervention to mitigate its adverse effects on renal function and cardiovascular health. Recent advancements in diagnostic imaging modalities, such as contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) and phase-contrast magnetic resonance angiography (PC-MRA), offer enhanced anatomical and functional insights into RAS without requiring invasive procedures. Furthermore, innovative interventional techniques, including drug-eluting stents and minimally invasive surgical approaches, demonstrate promising outcomes in addressing complex RAS cases. Clinical trials, notably the CORAL trial, provide valuable evidence for the efficacy and safety of various management strategies, guiding clinicians in making informed decisions tailored to individual patient needs. Future directions in RAS research may involve further refinement of imaging techniques, exploration of personalized medicine approaches, and the development of targeted therapies to address underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Collaborative efforts between clinicians, researchers, and industry partners are essential in driving innovation and advancing the field toward improved outcomes and quality of life for patients with RAS. Through continued research and innovation, the prognosis for patients with RAS promises enhanced management strategies and improved long-term outcomes.

Four-layer technique for tracheostomy scar treatment.

One important complication of the tracheostomy procedure is the depressed scar left after the tube is removed. A depressed tracheostomy scar can be aesthetically and functionally unacceptable. Tracheostomy scar treatment aims to fill lost soft tissue volume and correct tracheal skin tug. There are various techniques described to manage post-tracheostomy scars, including the use of autologous tissue or allogenic material and the creation of muscle flaps. In this article, the authors introduce a surgical method using four layers: the scar, the strap muscles, the platysma muscle, and the skin. This procedure has been used in two patients with depressed scar after prolonged tracheostomy placement. The tracheal tug was eliminated in each patient, and an imperceptible cutaneous scar remained. In each case, patient satisfaction was complete. The authors recommend this technique as a simple and effective method of closure for these troublesome tracheostomy scars.

AN OBSERVATIONAL PROSPECTIVE STUDY FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF GRIDHRASI

Gridhrasi is one of the most common debilitating diseases of all age groups, affecting the physical, mental, and social life of patients. Ayurveda offers a lot of possibilities for musculoskeletal ailments, and Gridhrasi is not an exception. Gridhrasi is one among the Vataja Nanatmaja Vyadhi where dysfunction of Vata dosha manifests as low back pain which radiates to the lower limbs, accompanied by stiffness and a pricking type of pain. Gridhrasi's symptoms closely resemble the clinical features of Sciatica in modern science where pain, weak-ness, numbness and other discomforts along the path of the sciatic nerve are often accompanied with low back pain. Contemporary conservative treatments offer only temporary relief, and surgical options cannot eliminate the associated complications. Acharya Charaka has provided three limb treatment techniques for Gridhrasi. This classical intervention has yet to be previously attempted, and thus, this study aims to establish the effec-tiveness of these treatments for Gridhrasi. Since Gridhrasi significantly impacts patients' physical, mental, and social well-being, there is a compelling need to identify a suitable and cost-effective cure, making it the focal point of this research. The three limbs are namely Basti, Siravyadha and Agnikarma. Basti is regarded as So-dhana Chikitsa where, whereas Siravyadha and Agnikarma are Anusalya Chikitsa. Thus, in this study, the clas-sical reference of Acharya Charaka’s treatment principle of Gridhrasi was taken, and a conceptual three-arm survey including these three treatment modalities was done. The outcome of the study is expected to generate clinical evidence on the effect of three individual treatments in Gridhrasi.

Synthesis and Characterization of Composite WO3 Fibers/g-C3N4 Photocatalysts for the Removal of the Insecticide Clothianidin in Aquatic Media.

Photocatalysis is a prominent alternative wastewater treatment technique that has the potential to completely degrade pesticides as well as other persistent organic pollutants, leading to detoxification of wastewater and thus paving the way for its efficient reuse. In addition to the more conventional photocatalysts (e.g., TiO2, ZnO, etc.) that utilize only UV light for activation, the interest of the scientific community has recently focused on the development and application of visible light-activated photocatalysts like g-C3N4. However, some disadvantages of g-C3N4, such as the high recombination rate of photogenerated charges, limit its utility. In this light, the present study focuses on the synthesis of WO3 fibers/g-C3N4 Z-scheme heterojunctions to improve the efficiency of g-C3N4 towards the photocatalytic removal of the widely used insecticide clothianidin. The effect of two different g-C3N4 precursors (urea and thiourea) and of WO3 fiber content on the properties of the synthesized composite materials was also investigated. All aforementioned materials were characterized by a number of techniques (XRD, SEM-EDS, ATR-FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, DRS, etc.). According to the results, mixing 6.5% W/W WO3 fibers with either urea or thiourea derived g-C3N4 significantly increased the photocatalytic activity of the resulting composites compared to the precursor materials. In order to further elucidate the effect of the most efficient composite photocatalyst in the degradation of clothianidin, the generated transformation products were tentatively identified through UHPLC tandem high-resolution mass spectroscopy. Finally, the detoxification effect of the most efficient process was also assessed by combining the results of an in-vitro methodology and the predictions of two in-silico tools.