Translation Techniques Research Articles

TRANSLATION STRATEGIES RELATED TO THE OMISSION OF VERBS WHEN TRANSLATING FROM RUSSIAN INTO FRENCH

While there is a vast literature on translation transformations and techniques, little attention among Russian researchers is paid to the omission. The article attempts to contribute to the debate by analyzing the omission as a translation technique, as well as verb omission examples when translating a literary text from Russian into French. The omission means elimination of a source text (ST) element while translating into target text. The omission can occur at the semantic or structural-semantic levels. The latter implies not only semantic but also syntactic changes. The omission can be due to the redundancy of an element in the ST. Redundancy in ST can be caused by the structural features of the source language, repetition of information in the text or by the opportunity to extract information from the situational context. The analysis of examples of verb omission taken from the translations into French of the novel Oblomov written by Ivan Goncharov showed that the use of this technique in relation to Russian verbs obeys the general patterns of the use of omission listed above: a French translator can omit a verb and use a more economical construction allowed by the norms of the French language; can translate one verb from two ST verbs with the same meaning; can eliminate the original verb if it’s meaning can be derived from the situational context. However, the original verb can convey stylistic meanings that are important in the work; if this verb is omitted, stylistic meanings disappear.

Accurate synthesis of sensor-to-machined-surface image generation in carbon fiber-reinforced plastic drilling

Delamination is a prevalent issue in carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) drilling, significantly compromising the mechanical properties of the material. Considering that delamination can impact the long-term durability of the final products, it is essential for operators to promptly identify it. This paper proposes a machined surface image generation model, called Sensor2Image, that employs time-series force sensor data as input and generates drilled-hole surface images as output. Sensor2Image first encodes the force sensor data into images using the Gramian angular field (GAF) method. Subsequently, it applies an image-to-image translation technique to generate the final machined surface images. The proposed model was trained and evaluated using experimental data gathered from drilling CFRP specimens under an industrial robot machining system. The results demonstrated the versatility of the proposed model for practical applications, regardless of the delamination factor. The proposed method offers significant advantages over existing methods through its intuitive visual representation approach. It facilitates the visual inspection of delamination while enabling surface quality analysis of the drilled hole and identification of defects or irregularities that may impact the mechanical properties of the material. The proposed approach can enhance the efficiency and reliability of industrial processes, particularly those involving complex delamination factors. It is a valuable tool for optimizing the CFRP drilling process and enhancing drilled-hole quality in a user-friendly manner.

A Socio-Cognitive Account of Ideological Manipulation in Chinese Translation of Political Opinion Articles

ABSTRACT In the realm of politics and media, particularly in situations of conflict, translation plays a critical role in resisting the discourse of news texts towards the socio-political correctness of the target society. Translation researchers have long focused on ideological manipulation and related techniques, notably in the translation of political news, linking ideologically motivated translation techniques to their macro functions (socio-political factors) via critical discursive approaches, but rarely have they examined what mediates these techniques and the social context. The main aim of the present study is to provide a socio-cognitive account of such ideological manipulations based on van Dijk’s notion of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The corpus of the study consists of opinion articles covering the Ukrainian conflict, originally published by American news institutions, and their corresponding Chinese translations in Chinese newspapers. Documented and supported by several examples, the findings suggest that the manipulations are mainly motivated by the polarization of “US” and “THEM”.

Target-Guided Diffusion Models for Unpaired Cross-Modality Medical Image Translation.

In a clinical setting, the acquisition of certain medical image modality is often unavailable due to various considerations such as cost, radiation, etc. Therefore, unpaired cross-modality translation techniques, which involve training on the unpaired data and synthesizing the target modality with the guidance of the acquired source modality, are of great interest. Previous methods for synthesizing target medical images are to establish one-shot mapping through generative adversarial networks (GANs). As promising alternatives to GANs, diffusion models have recently received wide interests in generative tasks. In this paper, we propose a target-guided diffusion model (TGDM) for unpaired cross-modality medical image translation. For training, to encourage our diffusion model to learn more visual concepts, we adopted a perception prioritized weight scheme (P2W) to the training objectives. For sampling, a pre-trained classifier is adopted in the reverse process to relieve modality-specific remnants from source data. Experiments on both brain MRI-CT and prostate MRI-US datasets demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a visually realistic result that mimics a vivid anatomical section of the target organ. In addition, we have also conducted a subjective assessment based on the synthesized samples to further validate the clinical value of TGDM.

Translation Techniques Used in Biological Terms in Bilingual Biology 1 Textbook for Senior High School Class X

This article investigates the translation of English biological terms into Indonesian in a high school textbook. Using a descriptive-qualitative approach, it examines translation techniques, drawing on Molina and Albir's framework. Data collection methods include content analysis. The study identifies four translation techniques: pure borrowing, literal, borrowing, and amplification. Pure borrowing is the most common technique used. The discussion emphasizes the importance of balancing linguistic accuracy and cultural relevance. The research contributes to understanding translation strategies in cross-cultural communication, aligning with Molina and Albir's framework. Overall, it sheds light on translators' choices in conveying biological concepts in bilingual education.

An analysis of translation techniques for racist utterances in Rush Hour 3

This study aims to analyse the translation of racist content in the movie subtitles of "Rush Hour 3" by Dhespy fansub (Movieku) and Putra fansub (Lk21). The research uses a qualitative method and a case study design. Document analysis, including transcripts and subtitles, was employed in this research. The data were analysed by using the theory from Molina and Albir (2002). The result shows that 86 data were taken from the 2 fansub translators (43 data for each). Based on findings, there are 14 types of translation techniques are used, namely; Adaptation, Amplification, Borrowing, Calque, Compensation, Description, Establish Equivalent, Generalization, Linguistic Amplification, Linguistic Compression, Literal Translation, Modulation, Particularization, and Reduction. The researchers found that both fansubs used multiple translation techniques, with single (38%), duplet (40%), triplet (20%), and quartet groups (2%). In the Dhespy group, single grouping occurred 16 times (37%), duplet 15 times (35%), triplet 10 times (23%), and quartet 2 times (5%). In the fansub group, single grouping occurred 17 times (40%), duplet 19 times (44%), triplet 7 times (16%), and quartet none. The researchers hope this research can be helpful as a reference for readers who want to add knowledge about language features to their study. Keywords: Movie; Racism; Translation Technique; Translator

Translation Analysis of Negative Sentences in the Zakat Chapter of the Book Al-Fiqh Al-Muyassar

In fiqh books, the translation of negative sentences into Arabic plays a crucial role in accurately explaining Islamic laws. This phenomenon requires translators to pay attention to correct grammatical structures and the use of appropriate technical terms within the context of Islamic law. For example, negative statements that indicate prohibition or disapproval (makruh) must be translated precisely to prevent misunderstandings or mistaken readings. This study aims to analyzes al-jumlah al-manfiyyah in Arabic, translation techniques, and the quality in al-fiqh al-muyassar. Using a descriptive qualitative approach with Spradley's analysis, 93 instances were identified, employing 12 translation techniques. Of these, 82 were accurately translated with high readability, resulting in a final quality score of 2.83. This suggests that readers can comprehend fiqh worship texts and muamalat effectively. Thus, this research significantly advances scholarship in Arabic language research by setting benchmarks for precision and comprehensibility in translating Islamic legal texts. Future researchers should explore the subtleties of interpreting negative sentences in fiqh texts, consider cultural and contextual influences on Islamic legal texts, and establish standardized guidelines for accurate and accessible translations.

THE TECHNIQUE AND TRANSLATION QUALITY OF FACE THREATENING ACTS (FTAS) IN ANNE OF GREEN GABLES

Abstract This study is a descriptive qualitative that aims to describe the types of Face threatening Acts (FTAs). Besides, this study also aims to analyze the translation techniques and the translation quality of a novel entitles Anne of Green Gables. It is found that 37 utterances which accommodates FTAs in the orientation structure of the novel and involves 4 types of FTAs, they are bald on record (18 data), off record (6 data), FTA using positive politeness (3 data), and FTA using negative politeness (10 data). The translation techniques used to translate the FTAs are established equivalence, linguistic amplification, discursive creation, addition, borrowing, reduction, and modulation. Established equivalence is the most dominant techniques. Therefore, the translation quality of FTAs in Anne of Green Gables is accurate, acceptable, and readable.

LINGUOCULTURAL ASPECTS OF FILM TRANSLATION

This article is devoted to the study of linguistic and cultural aspects of film translation. The complexity of translation highlights the careful efforts needed to capture the essence of culturally rich historical novels in the cinematic realm.The translation of movies is more than just the transmission of dialogues. It is the art of displaying cultural contexts, expressing national character through language barriers. From the choice of vocabulary to the adaptation, each translation represents a balance between the original and the audience's understanding. Film translation is based on an interdisciplinary approach, drawing on knowledge of Linguistics, Cultural Studies and Film theory in order to achieve a comprehensive understanding of linguistic and cultural aspects in the field of film translation. Covering various genres, thematic studies effectively demonstrate the practical applicability of the results obtained in various cinematic contexts. Linguistic and cultural accuracy in preservingboth the intended meaning and emotional resonance in various cultural and linguistic contexts is difficult and important for the translation of culturally marked words. The difficult task in film translation, as shown on the analysis of series “Downton Abbey” goes beyond linguistic knowledge, since culturally labeled words and express national peculiarities of British mentality. This requires in-depth knowledge of the linguistic and socio-cultural context and usage of various translation techniques.

Should Basic Translation Techniques Be Included into Office Administration StudyPrograms in Costa Rica?

The continuous flourishing of national and international companies in Costa Rica has impacted the way office administrators carry out their daily tasks and have also experienced transformations in their workplace. The latter also means that those who carry out these activities need to learn new techniques, computer packages use, languages, and other skills to perform their jobs. In recent decades, the tasks of this branch have been many; however, now that many companies have offices or contact with people in English-speaking countries, it is time to face this change when doing business, as a country. And this is why the author proposes to begin including skills such as basic translation techniques in the study programs of this major in Costa Rica. This would benefit workers, companies, and the country in general. This is why this article focuses on the need to include and improve areas such as basic translation techniques in office administration study programs in Costa Rica. In addition to giving a recommendation, in case these techniques cannot be included to these programs, another option would be teaching a course in administrative translation.

РОЛЬ СЛОВАРЯ ПОНЯТИЙ В АВТОМАТНОМ ПРОГРАММИРОВАНИИ НА ПРИМЕРЕ РАЗРАБОТКИ СИСТЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ АВТОМАТИЗИРОВАННОГО АКВАРИУМА

The paper considers the issue of using automa-based programming technology methods for developing software for an automated aquarium. The technological process of operating the aquarium is analyzed in detail and the choice of cer-tain hardware solutions included in the automated aquarium control system is substantiated. The need to write a con-trol system for the object (aquarium) is justified and the methods of its use are proved. The control system structure is analyzed, where each new piece of code in this program is given an explanation of its functionality and application possibilities for reference, taken from the concept dictionary of automa-based programming techniques. The result is presented in the form of a program code and block diagrams that translate the rules of this system operation into the language of logic, based on the knowledge about the technological structure of the aquarium. This software develop-ment method is a “machine” translation of a clearly written human text, being an attempt to show that the process of writing a program code is a process of translating a text from one language into another, and also that this method of programming is easy to learn and convenient in operation. In this case, the first language is understandable to hu-mans, and the second language is adapted for computers. For a stable operation of this translation technique, a dic-tionary is needed that allows the user to create a task for the computer.

A STRATEGIC ANALYSIS OF THE RUSSIAN TRANSLATION OF CHARACTER EPITHETS IN THE NOVEL “A DREAM OF RED MANSIONS” BASED ON THE THEORY OF CONCEPTUAL METAPHOR

In the novel “A Dream of Red Mansions” the author Cao Xueqin connects the characters’ nicknames with the characters themselves and the themes of the work, forming the epithet metaphor. The translation of these metaphors has a far-reaching significance for cross-cultural communication. Thus, the object of our research includes the personal names and nicknames of the novel’s characters, with a special focus on their translation into Russian. The aim of the paper is to confirm or question the adequacy of the translation technique adopted by the translator in each particular case. Based on the conceptual metaphor theory, this paper sorts out some epithets in the 1958 Russian translation of “A Dream of Red Mansions,” explores the formation mechanism of epithet metaphor in the combination of literary and cultural contexts, and puts forward corresponding translation strategies for different interpretations of metaphor in different cultural contexts. The originality of research consists, first, in examining both personal names and nicknames and, second, in evaluating each technique employed by the translator in the light of both the linguo-cultural and text-centered approaches.

Russian culture through the prism of English, Finnish and Japanese languages: Reflections or refractions?

Thinning borders in the modern world result in intense translingual/transcultural communication. Yet, a language is originally fit to describe its own culture, while cultural reorientation requires considerable adaptation. The paper aims at researching the mechanisms of languages’ cultural reorientation as exemplified by the Japanese-, English- and Finnish-language Russia-centred discourse. The cultural reorientation of a language is seen as a mode of translation – translation of culture. Research questions are: What linguistic techniques to introduce exocultural context are preferred by the focus languages? What elements of the source culture are selected for constructing the Russia-centred discourse in the focus languages? The research is based on data in three unrelated languages. The data is organised in manually annotated corpora of culturally loaded texts of book titles. The analysis of translation techniques employed by different languages in the process of cultural reorientation revealed (a) the specificity of the strategy of translating culture as contrasted to that of traditional translation; (b) the features of the exoculture-centred discourse as affected by language-specific linguistic factors. The study of xenonyms, selected to represent the source culture, shows a considerable variation in the choice of representatives, while the types of xenonyms are largely comparable. The cross-linguistic research of Russia-centred discourse is crucial for understanding established discursive canon, which must serve as guidance for presenting and promoting Russian culture in intercultural dialogue.

Creativity in Translation: A Study on Apple’s English-Chinese Advertising Translation based on Communicative Translation Approach

With a focus on creativity, this study investigates the translation of Apple’s English-to-Chinese advertisements in light of Peter Newmark’s Communicative Translation approach. Detailed analysis reveals that Apple’s creative use of translation techniques such as idioms, puns, and network catchphrases, instead of literal translation, effectively produces an equivalent effect on the target audience. This research highlights the significance of creativity in tech product advertising translation, offering insights for advertisers seeking to create compelling and engaging translations.

CROSS-CULTURE BRIDGES IN TOURISM: A STUDY ON TRANSLATION STRATEGIES IN INDONESIAN PROMOTIONAL MATERIALS

Tourism promotion is a type of operative text. The text is structured to influence the reader to visit the tourism destination on offer. The same should also appear in the translated version. The language form of promotional texts is dialogic and persuasive. This study generally aims to explain in depth the translation strategies used in the translation of tourism promotional texts and the translation strategies suitable for the translation of appellative genre texts. This research used qualitative method with deductive and comparative content analysis techniques. The research begins with data collection of tourism promotional texts by looking at their lexicogrammatical features. The data sources came from tourism promotional materials in the form of brochures from the tourism offices of Jepara, and Kudus regencies. The data were analyzed with a functional approach. The findings of this study revealed that the dominant translation technique used to translate tourism brochure texts from both Jepara and Kudus is the literal technique at 75%, and the semantic method at 72%. Thus, the dominant translation strategy or ideology applied by the translators is foreignization ideology, 98%. Furthermore, the results of this study also showed that the functional approach is more suitable for translating tourism promotional materials, because the function of promotional texts is to promote tourism.

A Case Study of Public Social Advertisements Translation: Pragmatics Approach

Purpose: This research analyzed the translation of Covid-19 WHO Infographics through pragmatics. It aimed to figure out speech acts in Monroe’s Motivated Sequence in source text, translation techniques applied to render, and its impact on quality and shift of speech act. Theoretical framework: Main theories employed in this research are speech act theory by Searle & Vandervekken (1985) and translation technique by Molina & Albir (2002). Design/methodology/approach: This is qualitative descriptive research with a single embedded study case, collecting data purposively by applying the document analysis and FGD (Focus Group Discussion), and employing Spradley’s steps of data analysis about domain, taxonomy, componential, and cultural theme. Findings: The research found some speech acts such as assertive, directive, and commissive spreading in each MMS. The successful translation is mostly caused by the application of equivalent established technique. Unsuccessful translation is caused by modulation technique because the translation cannot reach the equivalency of illocutionary effect, persuasive strategy, and mis-organizing persuasive text based on MMS. This research concluded that the translator’s decision in applying the translation techniques impacted on the shift of the speech acts which is in turn to influence the quality of translation especially on the accuracy. Therefore, it can be confirmed that the translation behaviour in term of translation techniques application and its impact on the quality of translation is the image of the translator’s competency. Research, Practical & Social implications: Theoretically, this research showed that the translation skill can be supported by the understanding of pragmatics. Practically, this researched can help the translators to improve their skill in translating. Originality/value: This is original research which is conducted by taking some source text (English version) of infographics about Covid-19 campaigns and their translation (Indonesian version). The infographics is officially released by World Health Organization (WHO) from 2020 to 2022.

Effects of Performance Goal Orientations on English Translation Techniques in Digital Game-Based Learning

Despite a growing body of literature on performance goals and learning, limited studies have explored their influence on English translation education within the context of Digital Game-Based Learning (DGBL). To address this gap, this study developed a DGBL system to assist students in learning English translation techniques, and compared the effects of students’ different performance goal orientations (performance-approach versus performance-avoidance goals) on their learning performance, in-game performance, self-efficacy, fear of failure, and learning perceptions. The participants were 56 university students, who were divided into a performance-approach group (PAPG) and a performance-avoidance group (PAVG). The study used quantitative analysis with data from English translation technique tests, log data from gaming sessions, and three questionnaires. It was found that the PAPG exhibited significant improvements in relatively difficult translation techniques (i.e., conversion), while the PAVG showed notable improvements in relatively simple translation techniques (i.e., polysemy). Furthermore, the PAPG outperformed the PAVG in in-game performance related to polysemy. This study enhances our understanding of the impact of performance goal orientations on both learning and in-game performance in English translation education, particularly within the context of DGBL.

The Excess in Italian Baroque Poetry and Some Translation Techniques

The Excess in Italian Baroque Poetry and Some Translation Techniques

Analysis Of Translation Techniques On Public Signs In Jabodebek Light Rail Transit (LRT)

Public signs are signs in public facilities that provide information, directions, warnings, or notifications that aim to help people get the right and accurate information. In this research, the researcher researched the public signs on Jabodebek LRT with two destination routes, namely the Bogor Line (Dukuh Atas Station–Harjamukti Station) and the Bekasi Line (Dukuh Atas Station–Jatimulya Station). The Jabodebek LRT public signs are translated into English from Indonesian. Analyzing the translation techniques used to convert the Indonesian (source text) into the English (target language) is the aim of this research. By referring to the concept of translation techniques submitted by Molina and Albir (2002), out of 18 translation techniques, only 6 were identified to be used in 13 public signs. The researcher researched the techniques of translation used to translate the Indonesian public signs, which involve adaptation, substitution, literal translation, established equivalent, modulation, and description techniques. According to the researcher's analysis of the 13 public signs in the Jabodebek LRT, the translation's final product has much greater readability, accuracy, and acceptability when the appropriate translation technique is used that is specific to the specific setting being studied. In addition, the source text and the target text are textually equivalent in that both texts are similar in meaning, significance, and information conveyed, although there may be differences in sentence structure, word choice, or language style.

TECHNIQUES FOR TRANSLATING CONTENT ON THE RAMADAN EDITION OF THE IKEA INDONESIA WEBSITE

The purpose of this study is to determine the translation strategies applied on the IKEA Indonesia website for the Ramadan edition and to examine how those strategies are applied considering Molina and Albir's (2002) theory. 121 items of information were gathered from the Ramadan category on the official IKEA Indonesia website using a qualitative descriptive method. This study was conducted in four stages: collecting data from the Ramadan category on the IKEA Indonesia website, identifying words, phrases, or clauses, then categorizing data according to the translation techniques, and analyzing the use of translation techniques from the categorized data. The results show that among 18 techniques proposed by Molina and Albir, the variation translation technique takes the most frequent used translation techniques in translating the content with the total occurrence of 38 data (31,4%), followed by literal translation technique with 32 data (26,4%), as well as ‘adaptation’ technique that occur in 16 data (13,2%). The implication of his study is both theoretically and practically beneficial for the study of translation.