Qualitative Research Techniques Research Articles

Empowering Women, Building Safety: Strategies for Addressing Gender-Based Violence in South Africa

Dismantling Gender-Based Violence in South AfricaThis study examines gender-based violence (GBV) in South Africa with a particular emphasis on women's experiences. It highlights the societal norms and underlying power disparities that support this violence when viewed through a gendered lens. Principal Subjects: GBV against women's prevalence and types in South Africa. the effects of GBV on survivors' emotional, mental, and physical health. The cultural, societal, and economic aspects that lead to GBV. The benefits and drawbacks of the current survivor support programs and interventions. In order to effectively prevent and respond, policy changes, social initiatives, and support services are required. Methodological approach, a variety of techniques will be used in this study, such as: review of the body of research on GBV in South Africa with an emphasis on the experiences of women. analysis of pertinent data on the incidence, manifestations, and effects of GBV. To further understand women's lived experiences, qualitative research techniques like focus groups and interviews may be included (subject to further research design). Principal Arguments Understanding and combating GBV in South Africa require a gendered analysis. GBV is largely caused by power disparities and patriarchal attitudes. Interventions that are effective must empower women and deal with the underlying causes of GBV. For long-lasting change to occur, legislators, NGOs, communities, and individuals must work together. Conclusions, GBV is a complicated problem that calls for a multifaceted strategy that addresses its underlying causes and gives women more control. South Africa may advance toward a future free from gender-based violence by putting into place efficient legislative measures, social programs, and enhanced support services.

Analisis Analisis Semiotika dalam Siaran Televisi Sekitaran Etam di TVRI Kalimantan Timur

This research aims to explain and describe the elements of semiotic theory by C.S. Pierce (icon, index, and symbol) in the Television Broadcast Sekitaran Etam for the November 2022 Period on TVRI East Kalimantan. The Sekitaran Etam uses the Kutai language with the Tenggarong dialect. This broadcast discusses the culture and local wisdom of the people of East Kalimantan. The method used in this research is a qualitative research method. Data and data sources in this research are quotes containing icons, indexes, and symbols in the script Sekitaran Etam for the November 2022 period on TVRI East Kalimantan. The data analysis technique uses qualitative research techniques, according to Miles and Huberman, namely data reduction, data presentation, and concluding/verification. The research results on television broadcasts Sekitaran Etam for November 2022 on TVRI East Kalimantan found five data. Based on the five data found, eight icons, eight indexes, and seven symbols exist

Exploring association model across banks and fintechs in India

Purpose Bank–fintech associations are significant globally, establishing purposeful eco-systems towards extending and complementing capabilities, reach and customer experiences. This paper aims to explore 39 leading fintechs in India catering across payments, lending, wealth management, regulation, neo-banks and other banking functions. Alongside fintechs, the research studies 19 leading banks (public and private) to understand the nature of bank–fintech associations in the Indian context. Design/methodology/approach The research focuses on narratives from leading banks and top fintechs in India, captured from public disclosures and leadership interviews. The study leverages qualitative research techniques, including grounded theory approaches of inductive analysis, to codify interview and narrative observations to discover relevant objectives, scenarios, challenges and outcomes in India-centric bank–fintech associations. Findings Bank–fintech associations in India are increasingly focusing on financial services portfolio diversification and improvement in customer experience. Simultaneously, both banks and fintechs, differentiate with innovations and extend offerings to target underserved customer segments. The associations are beneficial for both banks and fintechs in transforming offerings and improving efficiency, scale across channels. Through codification of observations, review of existing literature and evaluation of best practices, alongside subject matter expertise, the study evolves a generalized “Association Model”. The model can steer meaningful bank–fintech associations in India and globally. The association model relates to observables like objectives, enablers of bank–fintech associations, challenges and association-driven value outcomes. Built from study of practices, the proposed model is relevant for strategic orientation in bank–fintech associations. Originality/value The findings reveal practices in bank–fintech associations in India with significant learning opportunity for organizational leaders globally. Understanding the nature of association is relevant for strategic interventions, particularly in scenarios of inter-organization collaborations. Central banks, policymakers, governments, investors, banks and fintechs can use the derived association model to establish, govern and steer purposeful value-driven associations.

The Learners’ View About The Use Of Digital Technologies In Learning

Digital technology has completely changed how students access and interact with instructional information in today's schools. Digital tools are becoming more commonplace in the learning environment, which calls for a critical analysis of how students view and use these resources. This article seeks to explore how learners view the application of digital technologies to learning. Investigate the advantages that students feel they receive from using digital devices in the classroom and Determine the issues and worries students have with the inclusion of digital tools. A mixed-methods strategy was used to complete the study's goals, using quantitative and qualitative research techniques, there are survey, interview and literature review. The following are some of the major findings: Learners appreciate the advantages of digital technologies, including improved engagement, easy access to a plethora of knowledge, and individualized learning experiences. Effective educational practices have a favourable effect on students' experiences, and educators play a crucial role in influencing students' attitudes towards technology. The significance of a balanced strategy that takes advantage of technology's benefits while tackling its downsides is emphasised by learners. This study emphasises how important it is to take learners' opinions into account when creating digital learning environments. To maintain the relevance, engagement, and inclusivity of educational experiences, learner voices should be actively considered when making decisions on technology integration. Collaboration between academics, organisations, and politicians is required to strike this balance between utilising digital technologies' advantages and solving the problems they present. In the end, the study's findings provide insightful information for those involved in education, emphasising the necessity for a learner-centric strategy for integrating digital technology.

CEO characteristics and R&D expenditure of IPOs in China

In the rapidly evolving landscape of Mainland China's stock market, there is a substantial correlation between the research and development (R&D) spending of companies that are going through initial public offerings (IPOs) and the characteristics of the CEO. This study aims to investigate how CEO traits influence the allocation of resources towards R&D activities within the context of IPOs in Mainland China. The CEO plays a pivotal role in shaping the strategic direction and innovation agenda of companies, especially during the IPO process where firms seek to raise capital and expand their operations. Policymakers must comprehend the influence of CEO attributes on research and development spending, investors, and managers seeking to foster innovation and sustainable growth in Mainland Chinese firms. This research will focus on analyzing CEO traits such as educational background, prior experience, age, tenure, risk aversion, and management style, and their influence on the decision-making process regarding R&D investment. This study intends to determine significant links between R&D expenditure and characteristics of CEOs by looking at a sample of IPOs in the stock market of Mainland China. The analysis takes into account many factors like industry competition, market dynamics, regulatory environment, and firm-specific traits. Data on CEO traits, company finances, and R&D spending will be analysed using quantitative techniques like regression analysis and event research procedures. Furthermore, qualitative research techniques like case studies and interviews will offer deeper understandings of the contextual elements influencing the IPO market in Mainland China as well as the mechanisms underpinning these linkages. All things considered, this study will advance knowledge of how CEO traits affect R&D spending in the particular setting of initial public offerings (IPOs) on the stock market of Mainland China. The findings will offer valuable insights for policymakers, investors, and managers navigating the complexities of fostering innovation and sustainable growth in Mainland Chinese firms undergoing IPOs.

DESIGNING SUMMER WEAR APPAREL BY USING KUTHAMPULLY KASAVU SAREES

The Kerala saree, sometimes referred to as the Kasavu saree in the region, is a moving representation of the rich cultural legacy ingrained in Kerala, India. These sarees, which are crafted by the expert craftspeople of the Devanga Chettiar group, which is based in Kuthampully, a small town in the Thrissur district, are the embodiment of centuries' worth of elaborate artistry and tradition. In the sleepy village of Kuthampully, which has a population of more than two thousand, there is an unflinching commitment to celebrating and preserving this ancient weaving heritage This study investigates the traditional Kasavu sarees and their contemporary applications through a mixed-methods approach, integrating both qualitative and quantitative research techniques. The design process involved sourcing raw materials from Kuthampully, creating prints with reactive dye and smudge techniques. This study not only preserves the heritage of Kasavu sarees but also demonstrates their adaptability in modern fashion, offering a sustainable and innovative integration of traditional textiles into contemporary Western-style garments. This sustainable approach to fashion is not just a trend but a way to inspire change in the industry.

The Great Game of Space: Space Political Adventurism and Battle for Superpower Status Beyond the Horizons

Wars will not be fought on the grounds in future, but explosions will occur beyond horizons. The subject of advanced strategies of Great Powers, space militarization, and political adventurism of China, USA, and Russia has been extensively inscribed in this research paper. The paper mainly reflects the political stratagem and space arms race of Russia, China, and the USA, which are combating each other for power status in orbits of space. As China and Russia challenge USA dominance in space, the USA seeks to weaponize space to maintain its supremacy and counter these rivals. The evolving international structure and world order are steering warfare into new dimensions, with space militarization posing nontraditional security threats like spying, surveillance, space debris, and satellite destruction. Technology has advanced to the point where states have developed sophisticated spy satellites and anti-satellite weapons capable of targeting other satellites from space or the ground. Despite international legal efforts and multilateral cooperation, major powers continue to expand their space arsenals, creating national security concerns. The study argues that international institutions have failed to curb the space arms race due to their ineffectiveness. Thus, there is a need for a shift in focus to find common ground and resolve this space security conflict. The paper provides a theoretical overview of the role of international institutions and state behavior in the international system. Using qualitative research techniques, the study conducts in-depth exploration through secondary data gathered from various articles, journals, reports, vlogs, videos, and magazines. Descriptive and explanatory research approaches are employed to achieve the research objectives.

A pragmatic analysis of selected ASUU strike memes motivated humour on social media

Memes, as humorous and visually captivating pieces of content, have revolutionized the way people communicate and express themselves on social media platforms. During times of academic unrest caused by the recurring ASUU strikes, these memes have played a pivotal role in providing a creative outlet for expressing frustrations, criticisms, and solidarity among students, educators, and concerned citizens. This paper, therefore, undertook a pragmatic analysis of selected 5 (five) ASUU strike memes sourced from WhatsApp, Facebook, Google, and Twitter aiming to unravel the underlying motivations behind their creation and dissemination, with a particular emphasis on the role of humor as a primary motivator. The used critical qualitative research and purposive sampling technique to select five ASUU memes. Acheoach's Pragma-crafting theory was adopted as the theoretical framework of the study. Findings reveal that the nuanced satirical techniques embedded within the memes, including the use of humorous images, wordplay, and linguistic ambiguities, capture and reflect the sentiments and experience of students and educators during the ASUU strikes. The study revealed the significance of communication acts and non-communication acts features such as indexicals (INDXL), shared macro-knowledge (SMK), shared contextual knowledge (SCK), shared knowledge of emergent context (SKEC), contextual presupposition (CP), geoimplicature (GI), behavioural implicature (BI), pragma-deviant (PD), object referred (OR), operative language (OL), and other discourse components were used by encoders (ENCs) of verbal elements (VEs) and non-verbal elements (NVEs) in understanding the interpretation of the sense of the act in ASUU strike memes. The study concludes that the humorous responses to the ASUU strike on social media shed light on the vigorous mix of words, images, and gestures.

Financing trends of trade and logistics sector in developing countries:the case of Azerbaijan

Object: The banking sector of Azerbaijan plays an important role in the stimulation of the economic development with a special accent to the sphere of the trade and logistics. This study touches on how the area augments economic growth largely through the adoption of the smart governmental interventions with the integration of digital advancements. Methods: Applying the mixed-method approach, which entails both qualitative and quantitative research techniques, and taking data ranging from 2010 to 2022 from State Statistical Committee of Azerbaijan, World Bank and other financial reports and documents, the study set out to reveal main financial flows in sectors of overall economy of Azerbaijan. It tests the banking sector's finiding through the calculation of amount loaned to GDP, prudential lending with the ability to identify risks and thus contribute to the stability of the financial system and the subsidization of some financial services, especially in the rural areas. Findings: The evaluation follows this up with an assessment of the performance of the private sector financing in this context, and how once substantial credit programs can be used in the betterment of the transport and logistics sector, among other things. Conclusions: The research which merges macroeconomic factors with sector-specific details puts the emphasis on more favourable financing mechanisms to catalyse the exceptional growth in this township and suggests that we look constantly for pathways through complexities of economic development, logistics, and complexities.

The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Contemporary Journalism Practice in Two African Countries

Contemporary discussions about the application of artificial intelligence in newsrooms are commonplace because of the unique opportunities it presents for news media. This study investigated the intricate relationship between journalism and AI with the broad research question: How are journalists adopting AI technologies and what challenges and opportunities do such technologies present to them? Eighteen journalists practising in Ghana and South Africa were interviewed through qualitative research techniques. Transcribed interview data were analysed thematically using the data analysis method proposed by Charmaz. The findings were that most newsrooms in the two countries have not formally incorporated AI tools into newsroom practices. However, journalists use AI tools at their discretion in a non-complex manner, such as transcription, research, generating story ideas, and fact-checking. Practical limitations to the formal integration of AI technology into newsroom operations include cost, language barrier, and aversion to change. Although participants recognised the advantages of employing AI for newsroom tasks, they were also concerned about the ethical quandaries of misinformation, improper attribution, and intellectual property. Participants also thought that fact-checking and mindfulness regarding ethical usage might increase ethical AI usage in newsrooms. This study adds an important perspective on AI’s role in African journalism, addressing the obstacles and ethics concerns.

ROLES AND PLACE OF WOMEN IN ETHNIC GROUPS IN THE FORMATION OF SOCIAL IDENTITY: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND DESIGN

In this article, the authors share their insights into the organization and execution of research, illustrated by their work on the project "Women of ethnic communities as channels for the reproduction and formation of civic and ethnic identity". This article is intended for Kazakhstani scientists, specialists, students engaged in science and research in the interethnic sphere. The logic of developing methodology and design, described in detail in it, and a sample analysis of applied experience in conducting the field stage will be useful in developing knowledge about the development of methodology and research design in this area. The methodological analysis method was chosen as the methodological basis of the study. This method increases the significance of this article, since it is rarely found in the Kazakh scientific community. Core concepts such as "identity", "civic identity", and "ethnic identity" are expounded upon, alongside discussions on conducting narrative interviews, encompassing their merits, limitations, and challenges encountered during fieldwork. In essence, this article serves as a valuable resource for sociologists, offering guidance on the application of qualitative research techniques, notably narrative interviews, which remain underutilized in the field.

Financial Literacy in the Age of Digital Finance: A Global Perspective

Global financial landscapes have changed recently due to the digitalization of financial services, which presents opportunities and difficulties for improving financial literacy. To comprehend how digitalization affects people's financial knowledge, abilities, and behaviors across various socioeconomic and cultural contexts, this study investigates the effects of digital finance on financial literacy levels globally. The main goal is to look into how digital finance affects financial literacy around the world. To clarify the main factors influencing financial literacy in digital contexts, this study will examine the body of existing literature and empirical research. Additionally, it seeks to evaluate the success of ongoing financial literacy programs and suggest methods for improving financial literacy in the face of growing digitization. The study makes use of qualitative research techniques, which include a thorough evaluation of the literature that includes scholarly articles, reports, and policy papers. In addition, document analysis of industry reports and regulatory frameworks pertaining to digital finance and financial literacy is part of it. Effective personal financial management requires financial literacy, which is becoming more and more important when it comes to digital finance. Peer-to-peer lending, digital wallets, and mobile banking are examples of digital finance. While they increase financial inclusion, they also come with a learning curve that must be overcome in order to fully reap the rewards. Research highlights the beneficial relationship between better financial decision-making and financial literacy, which is aided by digital learning resources. Consumer education on digital financial hazards is particularly important in light of challenges with consumer protection and data privacy. Programs for financial literacy that are effective should be customized for a range of demographics and make use of digital platforms to increase relevance and involvement. Developing strong regulatory frameworks to protect digital financial transactions, raising consumer awareness through focused educational initiatives, and improving financial literacy programs to incorporate training in digital financial skills are some of the recommendations. Improving digital infrastructure and adapting educational activities to local contexts are necessary to address global inequities. It is advised to do longitudinal study to evaluate long-term effects, and novel pedagogical strategies such as gamification ought to be investigated to improve financial practices worldwide. This conclusion of the study emphasizes how critical it is to address issues and take advantage of opportunities in digital banking in order to improve global financial literacy. By putting these suggestions into practice, stakeholders can create a robust and inclusive financial ecosystem that protects consumer interests and encourages responsible financial conduct while enabling people all around the world to successfully manage digital banking. In the digital era, this study supports evidence-based policies and practices that promote financial inclusion and sustainable economic development.

Social Studies and Love of Art: Students and Teachers Enlighten the Connections

Art and artistic activities that play a significant role in the lives of both children and adults, are an important requirement for all individuals. Cultures develop, expand, and enrich through artistic activities, which are important for the development of visual literacy, especially in social studies. The present study aims to determine the reflection of various artistic branches in social studies course and the student interest and love that art considered to evoke in the context of the social studies course. In the study, qualitative research methods and techniques were used to review relevant documents and to determine the participant views about the role of art in social studies. First, the current Turkish social studies curricula and textbooks were analyzed. Then, an interview form developed by the authors was applied to 80 students attending all grades in a public middle school and 3 teachers employed in these schools in one of the major cities in Turkey. The attributes employed by the teachers and students in the interview form were analyzed with thematic/content analysis. The study findings demonstrated that that the curricula and textbook achievements that allow activities in several art branches were limited. However, despite the limitation, the study findings demonstrated that the students were interested in different art branches and evidenced the support of the social studies to the development of interest and love for certain learning areas.

Virginity as a Choice: Expression of Gen Z about Sexual Agency in a Complex World

In a complicated and evolving environment, this research delves deeply into the ways that men and women of Generation Z express their sexual agency about virginity. Social pressures, cultural conventions, and the fast advancement of technology are all present in today's environment. The authors discovered through extensive qualitative research techniques and explored the perspectives of Generation Z (Gen Z) individuals in Surabaya City, Indonesia, that Generation Z handles their decisions about virginity in very personal and distinctive ways, frequently questioning and opposing conventional standards and expectations. The research aims to understand how Gen Z navigates their sexual choices in a complex socio-cultural environment. This article also assesses the effects of Generation Z's choices about virginity on their mental, emotional, and physical well-being. The findings demonstrate that, depending on the person and social situation, these decisions can have important and diverse outcomes. However, the authors stress that further study is required to completely comprehend the ramifications of this decision. The study employs in-depth interviews and focus group discussions as primary data collection methods. Participants include Gen Z individuals aged between 18 and 24 years, residing in Surabaya city. All things considered, this article offers significant new perspectives on how Generation Z perceives and uses their sexual agency when they are virgins. By offering a greater understanding of how young people navigate and comprehend their sexuality in a complicated world. Keywords: Virginity; Gender; Generation Z; Sexual Right (Agency).

Socio-Cultural and Religious Narratives and Practices Regarding Lunar Eclipse in Village Communities: A Study of Central Punjab, Pakistan

In the history of humankind, lunar eclipse has always captured attention and imaginationof human beings. This study is an anthropological attempt to describe prevailing perceptionsand myths about lunar eclipse and resultant religious and cultural practices in some of therural areas of Central Punjab, Pakistan. For this purpose, qualitative research techniques of in-depth interviews and focus group discussions have been used to understand and untanglethe strings of indigenous perpetuations about a celestial phenomenon. The research findingsshowed multiple sets of socio-cultural and religious beliefs and practices which have beenfollowed through generations that demonstrate the richness of culture and mythological value of local verbal tales. Perceptions include fear of God, remembering the dayof judgment, good or bad luck, and occurrence of disease. Practices include praying, charity, taking certain precautions to avoid the disease, and doing some religious and cultural rituals. Some unique folktales are also narrated by the respondents of the locale which have specificsocio-cultural meanings for them. The paper describes all these perceptions and practices intwo main parts: socio-cultural perceptions and practices and religious perceptions andpractices.

Critical Factors Contributing to Under-Reporting of Occupational Accidents in The Construction Industry in Ghana

Purpose: Governments around the world have a shared responsibility for the management of occupational health and safety (OHS). The study aims to explore the under-reporting of OHS accidents by employees and employers in the construction industry in Ghana. Design/ Methodology/ Approach: The study used a cross-sectional survey design and quantitative and qualitative research techniques. Data was gathered via a questionnaire. The survey involved 250 site managers and operatives from Upper West and Upper East Regions. Significant factors that contribute to the under-reporting of construction-related accidents were identified and prioritized using descriptive statistics. The Linear Structural Relationships (LISREL) factor analysis was used to confirm the important factors. Findings: It was deduced from the findings that job security, workers’ attitudes, education and training, blame culture, interpersonal relationships, poor safety culture, lack of management commitment, poor communication, and company’s goal contribute significantly to the under-reporting of OHS accidents within construction firms in Ghana. In the study, factors contributing to the under-reporting of construction site accidents to statutory authorities included education and training, the environment, politics/government, legal/regulations, and socio-cultural practices. Practical Implications: The findings will enable construction companies to make investments to develop accident reporting systems that are easier to use and more accessible. This may include developing mobile reporting apps, and training employees how to use the reporting apps and tools efficiently. Social Implications: Employee safety and well-being is one of the main societal ramifications. Policymakers can use the findings to develop more robust policies aimed at improving accident reporting and prevention measures in the construction industry. Originality and Value: This research offers valuable insights into the factors influencing the underreporting of occupational health and safety (OHS) accidents on construction sites.

Transformational Leadership and Employees’ Commitment: Evidence from Selected SACCOs in Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania

It has long been demonstrated that followers of transformative leaders perform better than average, but it is unknown why this happens. However, the reasoning behind why this process occurs is unclear. The main aim of this study was to establish the influence transformational leadership on employee commitment among selected SACCOS in Kilimanjaro region. Specifically, the study pursued the following objectives; establish the influence of idealized influence, inspirational motivation, individualized consideration and intellectual stimulation on employee commitment among selected SACCOS in Kilimanjaro region in Tanzania. The study adopted explanatory research design using both qualitative and qualitative research technique. Both primary and secondary data were collected whereas questionnaire was used to collect primary data from employees of the four selected SACCOS in Kilimanjaro region. Study population comprised of all employees in function level team and SACCOS board members. Purposive sampling was used to sample 102 employees whereas the collected data were analyzed both descriptively and inferentially. The results found that, there is a positive significant relationship between transformational leadership and employee commitment of selected SACCOS in Kilimanjaro region. Moreover, the results concluded that, compared with other variables, idealized influence had a significant positive relationship on employee commitment in the selected SACCOS. Further, the study rejected all null hypotheses and concludes that all transformational leadership variables had a statistical significant relationship with employee commitment. Based on the above conclusion, the study recommends that, SACCOS management should embrace every facet of transformational leadership across all domains of work as a fundamental style that will be crucial to the success of their business. This research contributes to the area of literature of transformational leadership and their influence on employee job commitment.

Recommendations for Case Learning Based of Local Wisdom Integrated with The Exo Olo Task Learning Model in Implementing The Merdeka Curriculum at Senior High School in Ambon City

Learning in the era of independent curriculum development is an opportunity for educators and education units to improve competence. Active and participatory learning is one of the targets in developing learning to implement the independent curriculum. Case learning is something that can be applied to realize the learning objectives of the independent curriculum. this study aims to provide recommendations for developing learning in the implementation of an independent curriculum in Ambon City Public High School. The integration of the Exo Olo Task learning model developed in local wisdom-based case learning is part of what is developed in this goal. This research was conducted in the form of descriptive qualitative research. In this case, collaboration (cooperation) with several related parties (Stake holders) to develop a local wisdom-based case learning pattern that supports the implementation of an independent curriculum in Ambon City State High School. Data obtained through observations and interviews were analyzed using qualitative research techniques using the mile and huberman method and continued with policy direction analysis through AHP method analysis. Recommendations are given with priority to 1) Increasing the use of local wisdom cases as participatory teaching materials and media, 2) Development of strategies and mastery of educators in preparing lesson plans, 3) socialization of independent curriculum-based learning programs, 4) increasing partnerships in developing learning projects and improving character through the project of strengthening the profile of Pancasila students (P5), 5) educator literacy education through reflection with outputs in the form of scientific papers with a Consistency Ratio of 0.09.

Analisis Implementasi Pembelajaran Active Learning di Kelas 4 SDN Blumbungan 3 Pamekasan

Learning will, of course, undergo a process of renewal in order to adapt to the demands of current developments, such as the curriculum update carried out by the government in recent years, namely the Merdeka Curriculum. In the Merdeka curriculum, students are required to always be active in the learning process and give teachers the freedom to use any model or method according to the needs of each student. When conducting research. The aim of this research is to find out whether there is an implementation of active learning in class 4 of SDN Blumbungan 3 Pamekasan. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method, which is an approach that states certain social situations by describing reality correctly in the form of words based on data collection and analysis techniques. relevant information obtained from natural situations involving teachers and students. The descriptive method is a method that examines a group of people, objects, conditions, thought systems, or current events. The descriptive qualitative research technique analyzes the implementation of active learning, namely by conducting observations, interviews, and documentation. The results found in class 4 at SDN Blumbungan 3 did not implement active learning because the teacher still used a lecture, discussion, and question-and-answer system in the learning process.

The impact of service innovation on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty: a case in Vietnamese retail banks

Customer loyalty continues to be a crucial factor for retail banks in maintaining market share, increasing revenue and profits, and reducing costs in the highly competitive business landscape of today. They consistently strive for innovation to maintain a competitive edge, introducing novel experiences and heightened satisfaction to customers, thereby enhancing customer loyalty. This study aims to examine the effect of service innovation on customer satisfaction and loyalty in the Vietnamese banking sector. The research investigates banking service innovation from three angles: novel service concept, novel service procedure, and novel technological distribution system. To confirm the relationship between concepts and complete the survey questionnaire, qualitative research techniques are employed. Simultaneously, a quantitative research technique (structural equation modeling—SEM) is used to assess the relationship between concepts. The study surveyed 398 clients of Vietnamese retail banks. All dimensions of service innovation, including novel service concept, novel service procedure, and novel technological distribution system, have positive effects on customer satisfaction and loyalty. Customer satisfaction also has a substantial effect on customer loyalty. Finally, it then draws some conclusions and makes some recommendations to retail banks to improve both customer satisfaction and customer loyalty via enhancing service innovation.