Projection Technique Research Articles

"Can I Play Too?" A Qualitative Study of Outdoor Play and Participation Among Autistic Preschoolers.

Outdoor play in homes, schools, and communities provides children with unique opportunities to explore their worlds, develop fundamental life skills, and experience belonging. However, few studies have explored outdoor free play among autistic preschoolers in natural settings from a neurodivergent-informed perspective. To explore the play preferences, opportunities, and challenges in outdoor play for autistic preschoolers. In this qualitative study, the authors used a multimethod approach to data collection using visual, verbal, and projective techniques and thematic analysis to identify and describe outdoor play occupation as expressed by autistic preschoolers. Home, community, and preschool environments in a city in Ireland. Seven autistic children and their parents, from seven diverse preschool settings in Ireland. Two overarching themes were identified: (1) outdoor play preferences and meaning and (2) the physical and social environments of outdoor play. The findings suggest that autistic preschoolers demonstrate distinctive play styles and preferences when playing freely outdoors, with physical and social barriers to outdoor play existing in community and educational contexts. The findings suggest that autistic preschoolers' outdoor play styles and preferences require support from adult advocates. Although the importance of relationships and social play cannot be overlooked, infrastructural accommodations for parents and schools are required if we are to create supportive and inclusive outdoor play environments and opportunities for freedom of expression for autistic children. Plain-Language Summary: This study explored the distinctive outdoor play preferences, opportunities, and challenges for autistic preschoolers. The findings show that autistic preschoolers face physical and social barriers to outdoor play and that they need parents, schools, and communities to create supportive and inclusive play environments and opportunities for freedom of expression.

Projective Techniques in Dealing with Existential Frustration

A modern man is in conditions in which their basic needs are fulfilled, therefore the aspirations of the individual are more aimed at finding the meaning of life and happiness. In transitional periods of society, in times of crisis, there is a situation where old meanings are lost and there is a need to search for new ones. More and more people are faced with the task of finding their meaning and understanding what is needed to feel satisfied with life. These reflections are among the existential. The article analyzes the term life satisfaction and explores the concepts of existential crisis and existential frustration. The practical part describes one of the projective techniques (fairytale therapy) as a tool for working with existential difficulties.

An Improved Frequent Directions Algorithm for Low-Rank Approximation via Block Krylov Iteration.

Frequent directions (FDs), as a deterministic matrix sketching technique, have been proposed for tackling low-rank approximation problems. This method has a high degree of accuracy and practicality but experiences a lot of computational cost for large-scale data. Several recent works on the randomized version of FDs greatly improve the computational efficiency but unfortunately sacrifice some precision. To remedy such an issue, this article aims to find a more accurate projection subspace to further improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the existing FDs' techniques. Specifically, by utilizing the power of the block Krylov iteration and random projection technique, this article presents a fast and accurate FDs algorithm named r-BKIFD. The rigorous theoretical analysis shows that the proposed r-BKIFD has a comparable error bound with original FDs, and the approximation error can be arbitrarily small when the number of iterations is chosen appropriately. Extensive experimental results on both synthetic and real data further demonstrate the superiority of r-BKIFD over several popular FDs algorithms both in terms of computational efficiency and accuracy.

Projection-driven optimization framework for risk assessment of “dual carbon” audit in power grid enterprises with q-rung orthopair fuzzy MAGDM

Power grid enterprises are the backbone of promoting clean and low-carbon energy transformation, playing an important role in achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality. It is very necessary to audit the implementation of the “dual carbon” work of power grid enterprises, in order to better implement the national “dual carbon” policy and serve the development of the national economy. The risk assessment of “dual carbon” audit in power grid enterprises is multiple-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM). In this study, in light with projection measure technique and bidirectional projection measure technique, four forms of projection measure technique with q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets (q-ROFSs) are conducted. Then, two weighed projection techniques are conducted to manage the MAGDM. Finally, a numerical example for risk assessment of “dual carbon” audit in power grid enterprises and comparative analysis is utilized to verify the developed techniques. The major contribution of this research is constructed: (1) entropy technique is implemented to determine the weight values in line with score number (SN) and accuracy number (AN); (2) two weighed projection techniques are implemented to put forward MAGDM with q-ROFSs; (3) the numerical example for risk assessment of “dual carbon” audit in power grid enterprises is implemented to show the two weighed projection techniques under q-ROFSs; and (4) comparative studies are constructed with existing techniques.

BUILDING SHOWCASE PLATFORM

Abstract : Formal project management is not widespread in SMEs. Most of the office work and normal business activities are looked by the staff in an informal manner and in most cases without any project management training. This is not to say that their projects are not successful. Many SMEs handle projects well and are successful. This could be due to their tactical knowledge and the individuals involved rather than a conscious effort. But these companies could be falling short of their potential and may perform better if they follow a proper formal system of project management practices. Management, produces a degree of predictability, focuses on systems, relays on control, organizes and staffs, accepts the status quo and motivates people to comply with standards. This project aims to study the approach of small and informal construction firms towards construction management and the various techniques adopted by them and thereby suggest systems and methods in project management to improve their performance. A startup construction firm that did not have formal project management systems and techniques in place was identified and upon discussion with their owners and employees regarding their practices, they were willing to let us assist them in their projects by setting up a project management function there by analyzing their work. During the course of the study, significant improvements were observed in the system adopted by the firm in various aspects like quality control, project monitoring & tracking and safety. It can thus be concluded that introduction of project management techniques even though on a small but systematic way can help bring improvement in the performance of the firm and contribute to the organization’s growth in the long run. IndexTerms – Web-Based Application, Modern structure.

Design of a Technology-Based Magic Show System with Virtual User Interfacing to Enhance the Entertainment Effects

The integration of interactive technology into magic performances was explored in this study, with a focus on leveraging virtual user interfacing and interactive video projection techniques to enhance the entertainment effects. A thorough literature review identified transformation techniques between virtual and real forms in the magic performance, along with various digital magic effects. Design principles derived from the review were applied in constructing a magic show system named “FUI Magic”, where FUI stands for fantasy user interface. The system is based on virtual user interfacing, implemented via laser range-finding and video projection techniques. The “FUI Magic” system facilitated the development and presentation of a digital-multimedia magic show titled “Fantasy Doves”, publicly showcased in an exhibition. Statistical evaluation of the feedback from expert interviews and a questionnaire survey revealed positive audience impressions and confirmed the effectiveness of incorporating virtual user-interfacing technology for captivating entertainment. This study affirms the significance of visual design through virtual user interfacing in enhancing technological ambiance and magic effects, suggesting its practicality for further exploration in diverse applications.

Image-based non-isotropic point light source calibration using digital fringe projection

Accurate light source calibration is critical in numerous applications including physics-based computer vision and graphics. We propose an image-based method for calibrating non-isotropic point light sources, addressing challenges posed by their non-radially symmetric radiant intensity distribution and the non-Lambertian properties of the calibration target. We deduce an image formation model, and capture the intensity of the calibration target at multiple poses, coupled with accurate 3D geometry acquisition using the digital fringe projection technique. Finally, we design an iterative computational framework to optimize all the light source parameters simultaneously. The experiment demonstrated the high accuracy of the calibrated light source model and showcased its application by estimating the relative reflectance of diverse surfaces.

Nonlinear prescribed performance sliding mode control of hypersonic vehicles

SummaryThis paper addresses the adaptive saturation prescribed performance control problem for air‐breathing hypersonic vehicles with parameter uncertainties and unknown external disturbances. First of all, different from the traditional performance function, a novel class of performance functions is presented without the initial state information, which does not require to reset parameters even if the initial velocity and altitude change. To ensure the successful design of the velocity controller and altitude controller, the constrained errors are transformed into the unconstrained errors by the projection technique. Secondly, the adaptive neural network and the sliding mode control techniques are combined to design the adaptive neural network sliding mode controllers, which guarantee that the velocity and altitude tracking errors can respectively approach the predetermined regions within the identical preset finite time. Finally, the effectiveness of the designed controllers is verified by an example with comparisons.

High-frame rate, large-depth-range structured light projector based on the step-designed LED chips array

Among numerous mature optical 3D measurement techniques, phase-shift profilometry (PSP) has been widely used because of its high precision and insensitivity to ambient light, and high-speed PSP has become a research hotspot in recent years. Current mainstream high-frame rate PSP projection techniques employ binary defocusing projection schemes, which limit the available measurement depth. We propose a high-frame rate, large-depth-range sinusoidal fringe projection technique based on step-designed LED chips array. In principle, on the one hand, the LED chips array still produces a binary pattern, so high-frame rate switching can be achieved, on the other hand, whether focusing or defocusing can generate sinusoidal fringes, avoiding the limit of defocusing projection on the depth range of measurement. A PSP projector is designed and manufactured, and 3D reconstruction of static human face mask and dynamic rotating fan is carried out at 1 kHz frame rate. In another experiment, the PSP projector projected the fringes at a 100kHz frame rate and detected the fringes with a single point photodetector, and the output waveform showed that the projection technique had the potential to be much higher than the 100 kHz frame rate. These results show that the PSP projection technology has the advantages of high-frame rate and large-depth-range, and is very useful for three-dimensional measurement of moving targets.

Two-step inertial derivative-free projection method for solving nonlinear equations with application

Large-scale systems of nonlinear equations play a fundamental role in various applications, spanning from differential equations to economics, engineering, management science, probability theory, and various other applied sciences. This paper proposes a derivative-free iterative method to find ϵ-approximate solutions of large-scale nonlinear equations. The proposed scheme combines the hyperplane projection technique with a two-step inertial extrapolation, presenting a new approach. The proposed method does not require Jacobian information and thus can be applied to solve nonsmooth equations. Under standard assumptions, we prove the proposed method’s global convergence and nonasymptotic O(1/k) convergence rate. Furthermore, we include numerical results and comparisons to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method in solving regularized decentralized logistic regression, a popular problem in machine learning applications.

Identification of Impeding Factors in Utilising Prefabrication during Lifecycle of Construction Projects: An Extensive Literature Review

In recent years, the topic of climate change has been increasingly noticed by the public, and carbon emission reduction is one of the primary targets for various industries worldwide. The construction industry has a profound influence in this field, so it is significant to consider what kind of efforts can be made in building projects. Many scholars agree to promote prefabrication technology for construction, but its application still faces several challenges. By undertaking desk research, this paper explores the motivation and barriers to adopting modular techniques in construction projects under the lifecycle analysis. The preliminary information of the literature review is collated from dozens of peer-reviewed academic papers. Under the whole lifecycle thought, the PEST analysis tools also present the analytical results. This research finds that the top five barriers are the attitudinal resistance to using modular constructions, lack of sufficient modular expertise and practice, increasing costs and risks on supply chain management, insufficient government support and policy making, and high design and planning requirements. Moreover, the lifecycle analysis can divide the collated barriers into each stage, and adequate government support can assist in promoting the prefabrication in building projects in financial, legal, and technical aspects. The current findings can facilitate the broader use of prefabrication in building projects, improving the environmental sustainability of stakeholders. The process of proposed desk research can also be considered a referenced pattern for other related studies. More first-hand data should be collected and evaluated in further research to improve accuracy and adapt to the newest research field and industrial situations.

Exploring Classifiers with Differentiable Decision Boundary Maps

AbstractExplaining Machine Learning (ML) — and especially Deep Learning (DL) — classifiers' decisions is a subject of interest across fields due to the increasing ubiquity of such models in computing systems. As models get increasingly complex, relying on sophisticated machinery to recognize data patterns, explaining their behavior becomes more difficult. Directly visualizing classifier behavior is in general infeasible, as they create partitions of the data space, which is typically high dimensional. In recent years, Decision Boundary Maps (DBMs) have been developed, taking advantage of projection and inverse projection techniques. By being able to map 2D points back to the data space and subsequently run a classifier, DBMs represent a slice of classifier outputs. However, we recognize that DBMs without additional explanatory views are limited in their applicability. In this work, we propose augmenting the naive DBM generating process with views that provide more in‐depth information about classifier behavior, such as whether the training procedure is locally stable. We describe our proposed views — which we term Differentiable Decision Boundary Maps — over a running example, explaining how our work enables drawing new and useful conclusions from these dense maps. We further demonstrate the value of these conclusions by showing how useful they would be in carrying out or preventing a dataset poisoning attack. We thus provide evidence of the ability of our proposed views to make DBMs significantly more trustworthy and interpretable, increasing their utility as a model understanding tool.

One-Particle Operator Representation over Two-Particle Basis Sets for Relativistic QED Computations.

This work is concerned with two-spin-1/2-fermion relativistic quantum mechanics, and it is about the construction of one-particle projectors using an inherently two-particle, "explicitly correlated" basis representation necessary for good numerical convergence of the interaction energy. It is demonstrated that a faithful representation of the one-particle operators, which appear in intermediate but essential computational steps, can be constructed over a many-particle basis set by accounting for the full Hilbert space beyond the physically relevant antisymmetric subspace. Applications of this development can be foreseen for the computation of quantum-electrodynamics corrections for a correlated relativistic reference state and high-precision relativistic computations of medium-to-high-Z helium-like systems, for which other two-particle projection techniques are unreliable.

Efficacy of Olokizumab against Comorbid Depressive Disorder in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Preliminary Results of the Study.

Interleukin (IL) 6 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of depression comorbid with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and IL-6 inhibitors used to treat patients with RA may have an antidepressant effect. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Russian iIL-6 olokizumab (OKZ) in reducing symptoms of depression in patients with moderate/high RA activity. To date, 49 RA patients have been included, of which 43 (87.7%) are women, with an average age of 47.8 ± 12.8 years; with a predominant high activity of RA according to DAS28 (CRP) indices (89.8%), SDAI (79.6%) and CDAI (75.5%) and inefficacy of stable 12-week therapy with сDMARDs. In all patients, a psychiatrist, in accordance with ICD-10, diagnosed depression (chronic or recurrent) of varying severity during a semi-structured interview. At week 0, all patients were randomized by the method of sequential numbers in a ratio of 1 : 1 : 1 to one of the three study groups: group 1-cDMARDs + OKZ 64mg subcutaneously once every 4 weeks (n = 18); group 2-cDMARDs + OKZ 64mg subcutaneously once every 4 weeks + psychopharmacotherapy (PPT) (n = 26); group3-cDMARDs + PPT (n = 5). The duration of the study is 24weeks. Thedynamics of depression severity was assessed on the PHQ-9, MADRS scales; anxiety, on HAM-A; experimental psychological projective techniques were also used. After 12 and 24 weeks of therapy, there was a significant decrease in the severity ofdepression and anxiety in all groups of patients. However, the difference between the final and initial values of all scales was statistically significantly greater (p <0.05) in the groups of patients receiving PPT: cDMARDs + OKZ + PPT (ΔPHQ-9 24-0 = -6.75 ± 3.91; ΔMADRS 24-0 = -22.5 ± 4.83; ΔHAM-A 24-0 = -14.6 ± 5.37) and cDMARDs + PPT (ΔPHQ-9 24-0 = -15.5 ± 3.53; ΔMADRS 24-0 = -25.0 ± 1.41; ΔHAM-A 24-0 = -18.5 ± 3.53), compared with the cDMARDs + OKZ group (ΔPHQ-9 24-0 = -4.00 ± 3.89; ΔMADRS 24-0 = -5.75 ± 8.29; ΔHAM-A 24-0 = -8.50 ± 8.21). According to a semi-structured interview with a psychiatrist and design experimental psychological techniques, the proportion of patients without depression after 24weeks of therapy was significantly higher in the groups of patients receiving PPT: 90% inthe group of cDMARDs + OKZ + PPT and 100%-cDMARDs + PPT, as opposed to 25% in the group of cDMARDs + OKZ. OKZ therapy contributed to the normalization of night sleep but did not lead to a decrease in the frequency and severity of cognitive disorders (CDs). OKZ has an antidepressant effect, leads to a decrease in the frequency of sleep disorders. However, a complete regression of depression symptoms when OKZ is prescribed without PPT is possible only in 25% of RA patients, mainly in the patients with mild depression. A combination of OKZ and PPT is optimal for the complete regression of depression and anxiety and a decrease in the frequency and severity ofCDs.

An extension of composite bending strain κMITC3+ scheme in analysis of shell structures reinforced with rib stiffeners

In this paper, the composite bending strain κMITC3+ approach is extended for analyzing the shell structural domain in the rib-stiffened shell problems. Developed to achieve enhanced performance and emphasize a softer bending behavior, this novel element employs a polynomial projection technique to construct an assumed composite bending strain field. This technique originates from the Hu-Washizu three-filed principle and the orthogonality condition. In the membrane component context, an improved Allman-like triangular element is utilized to remove the spurious energy mode commonly associated with classical Allman's theory. To address the shear-locking phenomenon within Timoshenko's beam model for the rib stiffeners, a selective/reduced integration approach is adopted. This involves using a standard two-point Gaussian rule for accurate bending strain computation and a one-point Gaussian rule for shear strain computation. The numerical examples showcased in our study unequivocally highlight the distinct superiority of the κMITC3+ element.

Novel high-order explicit energy-preserving schemes for NLS-type equations based on the Lie-group method

In this paper, by taking the NLS-type equations as examples, we propose a novel high-order explicit energy-preserving Lie-group method for Hamiltonian PDEs. The main idea is to combine recently developed generalized SAV (G-SAV) approach (Cheng et al., 2021) and explicit Lie group method, in which the fourth-order or higher-order Lie group method only composes two exponentials in each stage, and this is the key point that the proposed methods can preserve energy of Hamiltonian PDEs. This is our first attempt to construct high-order explicit energy-preserving methods without using projection technique (Hairer et al., 2006 [14]), and some stability conclusions of our proposed methods for the NLS-type equations are also presented. Finally, we present 2D and 3D numerical simulations to demonstrate the stability and accuracy.

Exploring consumers’ perception of stingless bee honey using projective techniques

PurposeThe objective of this study was to evaluate Brazilian consumers’ perceptions of stingless bee honey and the drivers involved in this product choice.Design/methodology/approachThree projective techniques were applied to 480 consumers who answered a rating task about liking, health, sustainability, quality taste, and utilization as ingredients, fulfilled completion sentences, and performed a hard laddering task.FindingsThe results showed a significant increase in the expected liking and flavor, and consumers perceived stingless bee honey as more sustainable, of higher quality, and more beneficial to health. Health, sustainability, and taste are the main drivers of purchasing this type of honey, and consumers are aware that it costs a premium price. In the value chain involved in choosing stingless bee honey, the appreciation of native bees, flavor, nutritional value, medicinal properties, producer appreciation, and curiosity were strong aspects for choosing the product. These aspects lead consumers to feel good, have peace of mind, feel like protecting nature and planets, and longevity.Originality/valueHoney is popular worldwide, but stingless bee honey has little information on how consumers perceive it and on the purchasing decision chain. The results of the present study provide important information to enhance the consumption of this product with social and environmental importance and the growing demand for natural products that replace refined sugars.

Electronic tongue made of gelatin self-supporting films on printed electrodes to detect lactose

An electronic tongue was developed for the detection of lactose content in commercial foods. This was accomplished by employing optimized detection units comprised of gelatin films and information visualization methods for data analysis. The films incorporating gelatin, tannic acid, and zein, served as the basis for the sensors, whose electrodes were screen printed using carbon black ink. Self-supporting films were produced using various combinations of these materials, some of which had limited solubility in water (from 33% to 36%). They were hydrophobic and yielded reproducible electrical impedance spectra to be used as sensing units. Lactose detection experiments were conducted using various standard concentrations and commercial food samples. Capacitance decreased with lactose concentration at low frequencies, with films lacking a hydrophobic coating showing higher capacitance signals (exceeding 200 nF). Low limits of detection were obtained for the most sensitive films, as low as 2.03 × 10−19 mol/L, comparable to existing biosensors to detect lactose. Combining data from four sensing units in an electronic tongue allowed for the differentiation of lactose concentrations ranging from 1 × 10−20 mol/L to 1 × 10−6 mol/L using the interactive document mapping (IDMAP) projection technique, leading to a silhouette coefficient of 0.716. The discriminatory power of the electronic tongue was validated by distinguishing between lactose-containing and lactose-free food products. These findings highlight the potential of electronic tongues made with sustainable materials for applications in food quality assessment and lactose intolerance management.

Role of projective psychological tests in patients with Prader-Willi syndrome.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness and relevance of projective techniques such as house-tree-person (HTP) and family in individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), who have a limited ability to identify and verbalize emotions and express them often using behaviors. We included individuals with genetic confirmation of PWS immersed in a regular transdisciplinary treatment in an institution dedicated to rare diseases. All individuals were evaluated using the HTP and family projective techniques. These instruments are commonly administered to the general population and, in this case, to people with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities, including difficulties in their communication abilities. A total of 25 individuals with PWS between 10 and 41 years old (15 men and 10 women) were included. We identified the presence of graphic indicators corresponding to the behavioral phenotype of individuals with PWS, such as anxiety, stubbornness, emotional lability, difficulty in achieving adequate externalization and identification of emotions, impulsivity, aggressive traits, poor social skills, need for support and interaction, low self-concept, and compulsive behaviors. In the present study, we demonstrated the usefulness of graphic techniques to elucidate aspects of behavior, emotions, and thoughts that individuals with PWS cannot formulate due to expression and communication difficulties.

Super-resolution Microscopy and Photo-lithography: How can one inspire the other

The principles of microscopy and lithography projection techniques are similar. To improve the resolution of the microscope or further reduce the image projection, both techniques face similar limitations, diffraction limits. The diffraction limit is a limitation of physical optics. In the development process of microscopes, to improve optical microscopy technology, researchers have proposed the idea of reducing the wavelength of light sources and increasing the numerical aperture based on the principle of diffraction limit generation. Modern scientists have proposed techniques to break through the diffraction limit and gradually increase the resolution of microscopes to further improve resolution. These breakthroughs also provide ideas for lithography technology, and researchers have invented techniques such as immersion lithography, multi-exposure, and two-photon direct writing. This article introduces the development process of super-resolution microscopy and lithography technology and analyzes the inspiration and influence of microscopy technology on lithography technology, that is, providing ideas for improving the accuracy of lithography technology.