Harvesting Techniques Research Articles

Enhancing rainwater harvesting and groundwater recharge efficiency with multi-dimensional LSTM and clonal selection algorithm

Rainwater harvesting stands out as a promising solution to alleviate water scarcity and alleviate pressure on conventional water reservoirs. This work introduces a pioneering strategy to elevate the efficiency of rainwater harvesting systems through the fusion of Multi-Dimensional Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks and the Clonal Selection Algorithm (CSA). The Multi-Dimensional LSTM networks serve to model intricate temporal and spatial rainfall patterns, enabling precise predictions regarding the optimal times and locations for rainwater abundance. This insight is pivotal in refining the design and operation of rainwater harvesting setups. Drawing inspiration from the immune system, the Clonal Selection Algorithm is employed to optimize site selection and resource allocation, ensuring the maximal utilization of harvested rainwater. The adaptability and robustness of CSA prove invaluable in tackling the dynamic nature of rainfall patterns. This research endeavor is dedicated to enhancing groundwater levels and optimizing its sources through the implementation of efficient harvesting techniques. By delving into innovative methodologies, it aims to contribute significantly to sustainable water management practices and ensure a reliable supply of groundwater for various societal needs. The experiments are conducted to study the effectiveness of rainwater harvesting systems, where the proposed method achieves increased efficiency, thereby reducing dependence on conventional water sources and contributing to sustainable water management practices. The proposed CSA-LSTM model demonstrates superior performance compared to ACO-ANN and PSO-BPNN, achieving higher training, testing, and validation accuracies while exhibiting lower training, testing, and validation losses. Additionally, CSA-LSTM showcases excellent site suitability, high resource utilization, and robustness to changes, with a fast response time, emphasizing its potential for efficient and effective applications.

A Novel Conchal Cartilage Harvesting Technique.

Conchal cartilage is generally favored in rhinoplasty with a satisfied aesthetic outcome. However, patients may suffer from postoperative donor auricle deformities. This study introduced a novel conchal cartilage harvesting technique which can minimize the deformity of auricle and harvest the sufficient amounts of grafts. This study proposed preservation of the concha cymba and cavum support structures to minimize the deformity of auricle and harvest of cartilage hidden in the craniofacial region to obtain the sufficient amounts. The medical records of 60 patients who underwent the novel conchal cartilage harvesting were reviewed retrospectively. Postoperative aesthetic outcomes were assessed by comparing pre- and postoperative photographs according to the deformation extent of auricular subunits (cymba concha, cavum concha, antihelix, helix crus and intertragal notch) on a four-point Likert scale. Additionally, function and complications were analyzed. 56 patients performed unilateral conchal cartilage harvesting (8 with right-side and 48 with left-side) and 4 performed bilateral harvesting. The average aesthetic score, rated on a four-point Likert scale (1 = significant deformation, 2 = moderated deformation, 3 = slight deformation, 4 = complete no deformation), were 3.83 ± 0.03 points, respectively. The functional scores, rated on a four-point Likert scale (1 = significant damage, 2 = moderated damage, 3 = slight damage, 4 = complete no damage), was 3.94±0.03. Complications included hematoma, delayed wound healing and hypopigmentated scar in six ears (9.4%). This novel technique can minimize the deformity of auricle, as shown by the outcome scores, and allows for sufficient amount of grafting material acquired. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Use of the spider limb positioner for fibular free flap reconstruction of head and neck bony defects

BackgroundOsseous and osteocutaneous fibular free flaps are the workhorse of maxillomandibular reconstruction over 30 years after the initial description. Since 2019, we have routinely used the Spider Limb Positioner, adapted from its use in shoulder orthopedic procedures, for fibular free flap harvest. Herein, we describe this novel technique in our cohort. MethodsWe describe our intraoperative setup and endorse the versatility and utility of this technique in comparison to other reported fibular free flap harvest techniques. ResultsThe Spider Limb Positioner was used 61 times in 60 different patients to harvest osseous or osteocutaneous fibular free flaps. Median (range) tourniquet time for flap harvest was 90 (40–124) minutes. No iatrogenic nerve compression injuries or complications related to lower extremity positioning occurred. ConclusionWe describe a novel approach to fibular free flap harvest utilizing the Spider Limb Positioner, which affords optimal ergonomics, visibility, and patient repositioning. There were no nerve injuries or complications related to positioning in our series.

The Use of a Simple Vaginal Speculum to Harvest Quadriceps Tendon Autografts for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction and Avoid Any Potential Pitfalls during Harvesting Procedure: Technical note.

This technical note aimed to present a straigthforward method for harvesting quadriceps tendon autografts with the use of a simple vaginal speculum and direct visualisation of a scope. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with quadriceps tendon autografts has gained popularity in recent years, with many harvesting techniques that use different harvesting systems available on the market. These techniques vary from transverse to longitudinal skin incisions and from open to minimally invasive approaches and have a learning curve, as with the majority of surgical procedures. The technique proposed in this technical note is minimally invasive, can be easily reproduced by any surgeon irrespective of their experience, has a short learning curve, requires no additional cost or technical support during the procedure and creates a stable working space that allows for freedom of manipulation of surgical instruments and the arthroscope.

Metasurface-enhanced multifunctional flag nanogenerator for efficient wind energy harvesting and environmental sensing

Wind energy, as a widely distributed and renewable energy resource, plays a crucial role in promoting self-powered wireless sensor networks and wind speed sensing. However, current research predominantly focuses on specific application purposes, lacking comprehensive investigations into integrated solutions. In this paper, a metasurface-enhanced multifunctional flag-type triboelectric nanogenerator (FTENG) is introduced, which enables efficient wind energy harvesting as well as accurate wind speed sensing over a wide range of wind speeds via the synergistic effect of metasurface treatment on the flagpole and flexible flag fixation approach. The flexible fixation maximally utilizes the upstream wake of metasurface configurations, boosting the energy harvesting power density by up to 23 times. The metasurface-enhanced FTENG with careful optimization, striking a balance between energy harvesting and sensing capabilities, achieves a linearity of 0.992 over a wind speed range of 2.3–14.4 m/s and a peak power density of 250 mW/m2. Finally, the FTENG demonstrates its excellent abilities to light LEDs, power the wireless sensor node (WSN), and serve as a self-powered environmental sensor. This work opens up an impactful possibility for developing versatile self-powered electronics by employing metasurface-enhanced wind energy harvesting techniques.

Smart solutions for capsicum Harvesting: Unleashing the power of YOLO for Detection, Segmentation, growth stage Classification, Counting, and real-time mobile identification

This research paper explores a comprehensive approach to advancing capsicum harvesting by integrating cutting-edge technologies. The study addresses key objectives, including capsicum detection using various YOLO algorithms, peduncle detection through YOLO segmentation models in a proposed robotic harvester, laboratory testing of cutting target point coordinates using the Real Sense D455 RGB-D camera, growth stage determination, and capsicum counting/tracking with a supervision algorithm. The investigation highlights the YOLOv8s model as the most successful for capsicum detection, achieving a remarkable mean Average Precision (mAP) of 0.967 at a 0.5 Intersection over Union (IOU) threshold. As part of the growth stage determination task, YOLOv8s achieved a satisfactory mAP of 0.614 at the same IOU threshold. Additionally, the YOLOv8s-seg model demonstrated superior performance in peduncle detection, attaining a box mAP of 0.790 and a mask mAP of 0.771. The YOLOv8s-seg model excels in peduncle detection with a box mAP of 0.790 and a mask mAP of 0.771. Laboratory experiments using the Real Sense D455 RGB-D camera showcased its capability to localize the target point with a maximum error of 8 mm longitudinally, 9 mm vertically, and 12 mm laterally. The developed tracking and counting algorithm achieve a notable counting accuracy of 94.1 % during the third harvesting cycle in the greenhouse. The Android application developed demonstrated robust performance, achieving high accuracy (Mean IoU: 0.92), precise localization (Mean Euclidean Distance: 5 pixels), responsive user interface (Touch Response Time: 150 ms), and broad compatibility across Android versions and device types, with effective error handling (Success Rate: 95 %). The study not only advances capsicum harvesting techniques but also presents practical insights for the integration of advanced technologies, paving the way for efficient robotic harvesting systems in agriculture.

Exploring Seed Production Techniques for Flowering Annuals: A Comprehensive Overview

This comprehensive overview delves into the intricate techniques involved in seed production for flowering annuals. From selecting suitable varieties to understanding pollination dynamics, harvesting, and storage, this review provides valuable insights into the complex process of seed production. Drawing upon the latest research and practical considerations, it highlights the importance of proper management practices for maintaining genetic purity and seed viability. By exploring the various methodologies and considerations, this abstract aims to provide a foundational understanding for both home gardeners and commercial growers seeking to optimize seed production in flowering annuals. This paper presents a thorough examination of seed production methodologies tailored for flowering annuals. By addressing key aspects such as variety selection, pollination strategies, harvesting techniques, and storage protocols, it offers a comprehensive guide for both novice gardeners and seasoned professionals. Through a synthesis of empirical research and practical insights, it underscores the significance of meticulous management in ensuring the quality and sustainability of seed stocks. With a focus on enhancing understanding and proficiency, this abstract serves as a valuable resource for individuals seeking to maximize the yield and diversity of flowering annuals in their cultivation endeavors.

Anatomical considerations of the sural nerve in the distal leg: Side branch patterns and significance in nerve harvesting procedures

BackgroundThe sural nerve is a somatosensory nerve that provides sensation to the posterolateral aspect of the lower leg and the lateral part of the ankle and foot. Due to its location and anatomical properties, it is often used as an autologous nerve graft. However, the nerve harvest can be complicated by the presence of side branches. The objective of this study was to investigate the anatomy of the sural nerve and to map its side branches. This information can be used to predict the localization of separate incisions during the stair-step incisions technique for nerve harvest, thereby reducing the risk of complications. MethodsThe study involved the dissection of 50 adult cadaveric legs (25 left and 25 right) obtained from 27 Central European cadavers. The focus of the dissection was to identify the sural nerve, small saphenous vein, and surrounding anatomical structures. Detailed measurements were taken on the side branches of the sural nerve, tributaries of the small saphenous vein, and their interrelationship. ResultsThe average number of sural nerve side branches in a single leg was 4.2±1.9. These side branches were categorized into six groups based on their location and course: mediodistal, medioproximal, lateroproximal, laterodistal, medial perpendicular, and lateral perpendicular. Specific patterns of combination of these side branches were also identified and described. The branching point of the sural nerve was found to be 5.8±2.7 cm proximal to the lateral malleolus, whereas the small saphenous vein branching point was located more distally, 4.5 ± 2.8 cm proximal to the lateral malleolus. The highest density of sural nerve side branches was found 2.1–6.0 cm above the lateral malleolus. ConclusionThis study presents valuable data about the relationship between the sural nerve and the surrounding anatomical structures in the distal part of the leg, including the identification of its side branches and their relevance during nerve harvest procedures. On the basis of the most frequent locations of side branches, a three-incision-technique for nerve harvest is proposed.

Geospatial approaches for formulating multisystem silviculture in the tropical forests

The Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF) issued regulations that allow the use of multiple silvicultural systems throughout a single period of a forest management work plan, known as multisystem silviculture (MSS), to increase the productivity and economic value of forests. However, certain technical issues still need to be resolved before an MSS can be successfully implemented on-site, particularly in terms of scheming the silvicultural system and selecting the appropriate site. This study developed silvicultural systems based on the modelling of geospatial data on current land cover, forest function, slope, and erosion risk. In this study, forest harvesting techniques (prohibited, selective, and clear-cutting) and regeneration approaches (natural, enrichment, and line planting) were formulated by overlaying four thematic maps and applying modelling rules. For specific locations, overlay thematic modelling maps of forest harvesting and regeneration techniques have been verbalized as MSS, such as selective cutting with enrichment planting, selective cutting with line planting, clear-cutting with intensive planting, and many other systems. The results of this geospatial modelling will assist forest managers in creating forest management plans with MSS within particular forest objectives. Additionally, this study supports policymakers in rising technical procedures for implementing multisystem silviculture.

Water conflict analysis in the Balangan Irrigation Area: causes, impacts, and management strategies

The Balangan irrigation area has grappled with a 20-year water shortage due to disorganized canal systems, causing water scarcity in droughts and floods during the rainy season. Conflicts between upstream and downstream users compound these challenges. This study analyzes water conflicts, their causes, impacts, and resolution strategies. Employing descriptive approaches, it identifies factors triggering conflicts, their societal and agricultural effects, and sustainable solutions. Findings reveal that the narrowing of water channels, exacerbated by concrete structures, has caused an imbalance in water distribution between Subak Balangan and Subak Palean. Sedimentation and irregular channel regulation exacerbate water loss and prolonged scarcity. The study underscores the necessity of comprehensive management strategies, prioritizing Water Rights and Allocation Policies, Community Participation, and Rainwater Harvesting and Conservation. These strategies promise practical, feasible, sustainable, and impactful solutions. Regulating water rights and allocations provides a framework, and community engagement ensures local perspectives are considered, while rainwater harvesting and conservation techniques reduce water stress and foster agricultural resilience. Integrating these strategies can achieve a comprehensive approach to sustainable water management in the Balangan Irrigation area.

Comparison of perioperative adverse events following suburethral sling placement using synthetic mesh, autologous rectus fascia, and autologous fascia lata in a national surgical registry.

To assess and compare 30-day perioperative adverse events following suburethral sling surgery using synthetic mesh, autologous rectus fascia, and autologous fascia lata in women. This was a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent fascial or synthetic sling placement for stress urinary incontinence between 2008 and 2021 using the American College of Surgeons' National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Current Procedural Terminology codes were used to identify patients undergoing each type of sling procedure. Multivariable regression analysis with stepwise regression was used to assess the odds of composite adverse events (e.g., urinary tract infection, surgical site infection, pulmonary embolism, and other reportable events) between cohorts. Of the 41 533 female patients who underwent isolated suburethral sling placement without concurrent procedures, 41 292 (99.4%) received a synthetic mesh sling, and 241 (0.6%) received an autologous facial sling. In the fascial sling cohort, 160 (66.4%) underwent rectus fascia harvest and 81 (33.6%) underwent fascia lata harvest. Sling surgeries involving autologous fascia were associated with increased odds of adverse events compared to those involving synthetic mesh, even after adjusting for confounders (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 3.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.56-5.15). Compared to fascial slings from rectus fascia, slings from fascia lata were associated with increased odds of composite adverse events (aOR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.03-4.04). However, with the exclusion of urinary tract infections, the adverse event rate was similar between slings using the two fascial harvest techniques (aOR: 1.93, 95% CI: 0.81-4.63). In this retrospective database study, suburethral sling surgeries using autologous fascia were independently associated with a 3.6-fold increase in odds of 30-day perioperative adverse events compared to sling surgeries using synthetic mesh.

RF Energy Harvesting Techniques for Battery-Less Wireless Sensing, Industry 4.0, and Internet of Things: A Review

RF Energy Harvesting Techniques for Battery-Less Wireless Sensing, Industry 4.0, and Internet of Things: A Review

Energy-Efficient Fog Computing: A Review and Future Directions

Fog computing has emerged as a promising paradigm to meet the increasing demands of latency-sensitive and bandwidth-intensive applications in the era of the Internet of Things (IoT) and edge computing. However, the proliferation of fog nodes introduces significant energy consumption challenges, particularly in resource-constrained environments. This paper presents a comprehensive review of energy-efficient techniques in fog computing, focusing on optimization strategies to minimize energy consumption while meeting application requirements. We categorize existing research efforts based on their approaches, including task scheduling, resource allocation, communication protocols, and energy harvesting techniques. Additionally, we identify key open challenges and propose future research directions to further enhance energy efficiency in fog computing environments.

A Review on the Status of Rubber Plantations in Cambodia

The rubber tree (natural rubber) is a tropical crop around the world. In Cambodia, rubber is one of the most popular agro-industrial crops introduced since the 1910s. This study review article aims to demonstrate the methods for planting and harvesting techniques in rubber plantations. Cultivation is the most important factor in the rubber sector, and planting is done during June and July. Moreover, selecting varieties of clonal rubber is the best way to improve high production, high initial vigor, tolerance to climate change, pests, wind damage, and diseases, and to be a good secondary characteristic. In addition, harvesting techniques are vital elements in the status of rubber plantations. So, improving the methods of cultivation and the techniques of harvesting is very important in order to get a high amount of rubber production.

Consensus statement-graft treatment in cardiovascular bypass graft surgery.

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is and continues to be the preferred revascularization strategy in patients with multivessel disease. Graft selection has been shown to influence the outcomes following CABG. During the last almost 60 years saphenous vein grafts (SVG) together with the internal mammary artery have become the standard of care for patients undergoing CABG surgery. While there is little doubt about the benefits, the patency rates are constantly under debate. Despite its acknowledged limitations in terms of long-term patency due to intimal hyperplasia, the saphenous vein is still the most often used graft. Although reendothelialization occurs early postoperatively, the process of intimal hyperplasia remains irreversible. This is due in part to the persistence of high shear forces, the chronic localized inflammatory response, and the partial dysfunctionality of the regenerated endothelium. "No-Touch" harvesting techniques, specific storage solutions, pressure controlled graft flushing and external stenting are important and established methods aiming to overcome the process of intimal hyperplasia at different time levels. Still despite the known evidence these methods are not standard everywhere. The use of arterial grafts is another strategy to address the inferior SVG patency rates and to perform CABG with total arterial revascularization. Composite grafting, pharmacological agents as well as latest minimal invasive techniques aim in the same direction. To give guide and set standards all graft related topics for CABG are presented in this expert opinion document on graft treatment.

Growth Kinetic Modelling of Efficient <i>Anabaena</i> sp. Bioflocculation

Bioflocculation is a harvesting technique that employs flocculant agents such as bacteria and microalgae. The benefit is the absence of a chemical-added flocculant. Because bacteria need a particular medium, microalgae flocculant agents are more effective. This study used Anabaena sp. to collect fat, protein, and carbohydrates from the Glagah consortium. Three replications of those microalgae were grown in 300 ml of Bold Basal Medium culture for eight days. On the day of harvest, flocculant microalgae (Anabaena sp.) and non-flocculant microalgae (Glagah) were combined to accomplish flocculation. On the day of harvest, parameters were observed by combining Anabaena sp. with the Glagah consortium in the ratios 1: 1, 0.5: 1, and 0.25: 1. There were three times of each parameter test. Utilizing a wavelength of 750 nm, the proportion of precipitation was calculated spectrophotometrically. Bligh and Dyer were used to measure the lipids. The phenol sulfate technique was used to calculate the amount of carbohydrates. By employing the Bradford method, proteins were quantified. Biofocculation percentages and carbohydrate content were optimum on a ratio of 0.25:1. Lipid and protein content were optimum on a ratio of 1:1.

End-to-end revascularization between the occipital Artery(OA) and the p1 segment of posterior inferior cerebellar Artery(PICA) for a patient with posterior circulation ischemia via a far-lateral approach:2-Dimensional Operative video

Vertebral artery （VA）Aneurysms involving the origin of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) ,occasionally, induce cerebellum and brainstem infarction due to intraluminal thrombus and calcific VA stenosis. At times, vessel occlusion and revascularization is necessary for successful obliteration of these aneurysms.2 The occipital artery (OA) is often the preferred donor graft for lesions of the posterior fossa. Although most OA-PICA bypasses can be performed using the p3 segment as the recipient site for an end-to-side anastomosis, a more feasible alternative to conventional OA-p3 PICA bypass in cases of high-riding caudal loops , aberrant anatomy or p3 multiple perforators is to free the p1 PICA, transpose it away from the lower cranial nerves, and perform an end-to-end OA-p1 PICA bypass instead. This video captures the dissection of the OA using an orientational anterograde harvesting technique and the end-to-end anastomosis of the OA to the PICA at the p1 segment. This was performed in a 56-year-old man who presented with posterior circulation ischemia from a fusiform aneurysm with calcific vertebral artery stenosis located at the origin of the right PICA. The patient tolerated the procedure well and suffered no major complications related to the operation. He did experience some mild, posterior neck rigidity at the time of his 6-month follow-up, likely due to nerve injury that occurred while harvesting the OA. Overall, the patient remains in good neurologic status 1 year after the operation. The operation proved the feasibility of end-to-end bypass in OA-p1 PICA.

Effect of Moisture Content on Combine Harvested Seed Crop and its Quality

The moisture content during harvesting significantly influences post-harvest losses, encompassing factors that collectively diminish both the quantity and quality of agricultural produce. These factors involve pre-harvest sprouting, mechanical damages and susceptibility to diseases at post-harvest. To mitigate the risks associated with excessive moisture, farmers have to employ proper harvesting techniques such as using a combine harvester. The combine harvester proves invaluable by efficient harvesting, threshing and winnowing various crops like rice, corn, wheat, sunflower and pulses directly in the field. This streamlined process not only saves time and reduces the need for human labour but also lowers overall work costs for farmers. Additionally, the utilization of these machines enhances agricultural productivity, ensuring a more efficient harvesting process and contributing to greater profitability in farming practices. Consequently, effective moisture content management becomes essential for minimizing losses and preserving seed quality. A multipurpose nature of a combine harvester minimizes the need for manual labour in harvesting, leading to a reduction in workforce requirements, time expenditure and effort. Consequently, this enhances overall productivity. The objective of the present review is to describe the effect of moisture content on crop, machine and operational parameters on seed quality of combine harvested crops and discussed the effect of moisture content on mechanical damage of combine harvested seed crop and its germination potential and seedling vigour.

Fog harvesting efficiency analysis of biomimicking surfaces: A review

With a rapidly increasing population, pollution levels and industrial water and energy demand are on a constant rise in the past century. Populations residing in arid and semi-arid regions have been victims of water shortage issues since decades. Efficient water harvesting techniques are becoming highly significant today for ensuring the availability of essential resources throughout the globe. Inspired from nature where certain creatures have attractive surfaces which can collect water from the fog or mist even in no rainfall conditions, researchers have developed high-efficient novel water harvesting materials that could effectively address water scarcity issues. Through an in-depth analysis of the wettability and water droplet transportation of these creatures in nature, novel bionic surfaces that combine desirable natures and properties have been developed through innovative fabrication and coupling techniques. This could achieve 2.5 to 5.3 times more efficient water harvesting than conventional superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic surfaces. The efficiency value increased by 250% to 600% by merging different morphologies like Desert beetle, cactus and Janus, compared to their individual uniform morphology surfaces. The review also presents current challenges and scope for future development in water harvesting materials.

Green IoT Based on Tropical Weather: The Impact of Energy Harvesting in Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are a key component of Green IoT, as they play a critical role in many applications. However, a major challenge faced by WSNs is their limited energy capacity, which can impede their effectiveness. To address this issue, energy harvesting techniques are used to harness ambient energy and power the nodes, eliminating the need for frequent battery replacements or recharging. This study proposes a solar energy harvesting technique to prolong the lifespan of each wireless sensor node in a network. The aim of the research is to assess the impact of energy harvesting on wireless sensor networks with a focus on solar ambient light energy, as it is a critical component of achieving a Green Internet of Things (IoT). The study is adapted to the tropical weather of Malaysia and its forecasted conditions. Through the use of NetSim simulations, the energy efficiency and reliability of the network are evaluated using solar energy harvesting. The recharge rate for energy harvesting in a wireless sensor network is calculated to be 2.34W per day using a 55x70mm solar photovoltaic panel based on Malaysia weather forecasts and sun hours. This proposed method is successfully executed using NetSim, which utilizes real device parameters for a WSN in a simulated agriculture environment. The results show an overall improvement of 22.4 percent in performance parameters in all areas, including energy consumption, network layer, routing performance, and IEEE 802.15.4 metrics, representing a significant improvement. With the implementation of solar energy harvesting, traditional energy of WSNs can benefit from developing smart agricultural monitoring systems. This efficient method and calculation for solar energy harvesting can help to sustain the infinite lifetime of WSN by optimizing the operational time to 18% of the duty cycle. Results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively increase the energy efficiency and reliability of the network, making it a promising solution for WSNs operating in tropical regions. This research contributes to the development of sustainable and energy-efficient WSNs, promoting the Green IoT concept.