Descriptive Techniques Research Articles

Gambaran Self-Acceptance Siswa SMA Negeri 10 Padang Pengguna iPhone

This research is based on the phenomenon where many students use iphones in a negative light, primarily for show, to maintain social status, follow peers, and appear prestigious to others. iphone users among students become a benchmark in their surrounding environment. This behavior is attributed to poor self-acceptance. Self-acceptance is defined as the process whereby individuals acknowledge and embrace all aspects of themselves, both positive and negative. The purpose of this study is to describe self-acceptance. The study employs a quantitative method with a descriptive quantitative research design. The population consists of 752 students enrolled in grades X and XI at SMAN 10 Padang for the 2024/2025 academic year, with a sample of 104 iPhone users selected from these grades using purposive sampling techniques. Data collection involved administering a self-acceptance questionnaire specifically designed for iphone users. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques. The results indicate that iphone users at SMAN 10 Padang exhibit a high level of self-acceptance, with a percentage of 75.73%. The study recommends implementing group guidance services, individual counseling, and information services for guidance and counseling teachers or counselors to assist students in enhancing and maintaining their self-acceptance.

REPRESENTASI NILAI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM FILM BUYA HAMKA & SITI RAHAM VOL. 2

This research analyses the character education values in Buya Hamka & Siti Raham Vol. 2 using Kohlberg moral development theory. The focus is on the values of religiosity, honesty, cooperation, responsibility, and patriotism. This descriptive qualitative research uses primary data from dialogue and actions in the film, as well as secondary data from related articles and journals, which are collected through observation, recording, and document analysis. Descriptive analysis techniques were used to analyse the collected data. The steps of data analysis consisted of categorisation, interpretation, and presentation of findings. The results showed that Buya Hamka reflected post-conventional morals with universal ethical principles, while Siti Raham reflected moral standards through social compliance. The film is effective as an educational medium for moral values for the younger generation in the digital era.

KRITIK SASTRA FEMINISME RADIKAL DALAM NOVEL PEREMPUAN YANG MENUNGGU DI LORONG MENUJU LAUT KARYA DIAN PURNOMO

This study aims to describe the forms of resistance of female characters in the novel Perempuan yang Menunggu di Lorong Menuju Laut by Dian Purnomo using the framework of feminism literary criticism the women as a reader with Kate Millet's radical feminism analysis theory. The researcher used a case study strategy and note-taking technique in data collection. Data analysis used descriptive qualitative techniques. The results showed that there are seven forms of resistance of female characters from Kate Millet's eight perspectives of radical feminism which include, ideological perspective, biological perspective, sociological perspective, educational and economic perspective, and psychological perspective.

Impacto de las promociones y descuentos en el comportamiento del consumidor paraguayo y su lealtad hacia la marca

The study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the impact of promotions and discounts on Paraguayan consumers behavior, focusing on their influence on brand loyalty. It adopts a quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive approach, in order to understand how offers affect purchase decisions. The study population was composed of Paraguayan consumers, selecting a sample of 3521 participants through non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Data collection was carried out through structured surveys, using questionnaires with closed-ended questions to ensure the homogeneity and objectivity of the responses. The data obtained were processed and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The results indicated that promotions and discounts have a direct relationship with the increase in purchase frequency, which reflects a positive impact on brand loyalty, contributing significantly to their commercial success and customer loyalty.

Revitalizing accountability: exploring the impact of performance audits in Indonesia’s public sector

PurposeThis study examines the perceptions of auditees from ministries/agencies and local governments in Indonesia of the quality and impact of performance audits. Additionally, it investigates the extent of improvements and changes implemented by auditees in response to audit findings and recommendations.Design/methodology/approachThe research employed an online survey to collect data from auditees in ministries/agencies and local governments (at provincial, city and district levels) that underwent performance audits between 2018 and 2022. A total of 180 valid responses were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques, including mean score ranking and frequency distribution.FindingsThe findings reveal that the auditees perceive that performance audits have a high level of quality and provide significant benefits. The respondents noted that such audits play a critical role in enhancing performance, serving as effective accountability tools and improving operational efficiency. Five key areas of significant impact were identified: (1) strategic shifts in planning and management by objectives, (2) enhancements in standard operating procedures, (3) improvements in internal control and risk management systems, (4) updates to laws and regulations and (5) institutionalization of improved governance practices. However, increased documentation and reporting pressures emerged as notable challenges.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is limited by its reliance on descriptive and correlation analysis. This restricts the depth of insights into the causal relationships between variables and limits the robustness of the findings. Future research should consider incorporating experimental designs or hypothesis testing with regression analysis to provide a deeper understanding of the causal impact of performance audits. This approach could enhance the generalizability and applicability of the findings, particularly in the framing of performance audits as a policy recommendation for mandatory implementation.Practical implicationsThe study contributes to the literature by addressing the underexplored area of performance audit impacts in developing countries, particularly Indonesia. It highlights the role of such audits as drivers of governance reform and operational efficiency, filling a critical gap in public sector auditing research. Unlike previous studies that have focused on audit processes or developed country contexts, this paper underscores the unique challenges and opportunities in a developing country setting. It is recommended that performance audits be made mandatory to enhance their effectiveness in fostering governance improvements.Originality/valueThe novelty of the work lies in its context-specific insights and focus on the broader implications of performance audits for public sector accountability and operational improvement in a developing country, with practical recommendations for policymakers and audit practitioners made.

The Impact of <i>Ati Ator</i> (Honorific Chieftaincy Title Holders) on the Development of Tiv Society of Central Nigeria

Societies worldwide employ diverse strategies to foster development within their communities. The Tiv community, in pursuit of this goal, utilizes the bestowal of ati ator, honorific chieftaincy titles, upon notable individuals within the Tiv society or friends of the Tiv. The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of honorific chieftaincy titleholders on the progression of the Tiv society. The paper employs qualitative and descriptive research approaches. It utilizes the multidisciplinary method encompassing historical, descriptive, and analytical techniques. Both primary and secondary sources were utilized in gathering information. In the primary method of data collection, information was gathered via oral interviews and observation. On the other hand, secondary sources were drawn from documented sources in books, journals, e-sources and other texts related to the subject matter. Information so collected from the above procedures are evaluated using the descriptive method. The paper established that the bestowment of ati ator, honorific chieftaincy titles by the Tiv Traditional Council {TTC} has not significantly contributed to the development of the Tiv society as anticipated, barring a few exceptional cases. This is diametrically opposed to other societies in Nigeria where such titles are bestowed on deserving individuals who attract development to the awarding community. Seeing that Tiv society cannot be an exception, the study suggests that the Tiv Traditional Council should limit the bestowal of iti tor or ati ator to deserving Tiv sons/daughters/wives and or friends of the Tiv who have demonstrably impacted the development of the Tiv society. Similarly, the study concludes by calling on the TTC to consider withdrawing honorific chieftaincy titles bestowed on individuals who have not in any way contributed to the development, growth and progress of the Tiv society.

Mapping livestock systems, bovine and caprine diseases in Mayo-Kebbi Ouest Province, Chad

This study aimed to compile an inventory of the main diseases affecting these species in Mayo-Kebbi Ouest Province in Chad. A survey was conducted between 6 May and 7 August 2024 using a cascade data collection method identifying 310 farmers and 19 veterinarians with an average of 10 to 12 years of experience in advising and supporting livestock practices The data collected included socio-professional characteristics of participants, livestock practices, and geospatial information. These data were managed in Excel and analysed with R. The analysis involved descriptive and inferential statistical techniques including binary logistic regression resulting in maps illustrating disease hotspots and livestock systems. Thematic maps, tables and charts with a 5% significance threshold visualised risk areas and associated livestock practices. The results show a predominance of male farmers (91.9%) from 20 different ethnic groups. The livestock systems identified include data on farming divided into extensive (14.8%), mixed (0.3%) and semi-intensive farming (84.8%). On average, farms have 41 cattle and 25 goats. Animal diseases were found to cause 29.5% reduction in herd productivity. Transhumance (p=0.000356) and animal disease incidence (p=0.03) were observed as significant risk factors associated with the abandonment of livestock farming. The main diseases recorded in cattle include contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (11.3%), bovine tuberculosis (2.5%), foot-and-mouth disease (45.0%), bluetongue (1.7%) and disease with symptoms reminiscent of rinderpest (2.5%). For goats, notable diseases include brucellosis (3.8%), lumpy skin disease (19.2%), goat plague (7.9%) and Rift Valley fever (6.3%). These findings confirm the importance of a geospatial epidemiological surveillance tool for monitoring animal diseases in this region.

Features of Medan's Millennials and Z-Gens as Social Media Users

Objectives: The study aimed at examining two generations behavior (Generation Y and Generation Z), especially on social media. The respondents are Gen Y and Gen Z in Medan City, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. The study focuses on similarities and differences in digital communication behavior between these two generations on social media. Stakeholders such as the government that formulates public policies, industry, politicians, and so on, need to map and understand what the characteristics of social media users are their citizens. Methods: The researchers used quantitative methods with descriptive statistical analysis techniques with a total of 400 respondents. Data was collected using questionnaires and analyzed using the statistical utility SPSS. Results: Research has shown that Generation Y prefers Facebook, while Generation Z prefers Instagram and YouTube. Both generations spend 30–60 minutes on social media, especially at night. While the level of caution on social media tends to appear in Gen Z. A significant difference between the two generations can be seen in the topics they post on social media, Gen Y posts topics about family more often. Meanwhile, Gen Z posts more about achievements. But in terms of how to communicate with each other, these two generations are no different. The majority of these two generations interact online every day with their friends, be it through social media, chat applications, or gaming. Conclusions: Social media interaction has replaced interaction in the real world. Generation Y and Generation Z, as social media users, develop different communication behaviors compared to the other older generations.

OPTIMIZING SERVICE DELIVERY IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS THROUGH ICT SUPPORT

This study examined the role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in enhancing service delivery in tertiary institutions. It argues that the quality of education in any country determined the quality of its workforce and the quality of services these workforce are able to deliver. Using a descriptive techniques approach, the research investigates the extent of ICT integration, its impact on administrative efficiency, teaching, and learning, and the challenges encountered in implementation. The population for the study comprised of 220 staff and students from Federal Polytechnic Bali and State Polytechnic Suntai, both in Taraba State. Chi-square on a 5-point rating scale was used to analyze the data. A significance level of 0.05 indicates a 5% risk of concluding that an association between the variables exists when there is no actual association and a t-test was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The impact of these interventions and supports on the quality of services provided by these tertiary institutions have not been assessed or evaluated to ascertain whether these interventions have translated into significant improvement in the quality of output by these institutions. Findings reveal significant improvements in administrative processes, academic resource accessibility, and stakeholder satisfaction due to ICT adoption. However, barriers such as inadequate infrastructure and training persist. Recommendations focus on strategic investments in ICT infrastructure, capacity-building programs, and robust policy frameworks to sustain improvements in service delivery.

Legal Force of Certificate of Mortgage Rights Issued Upon the Existence of the Element of Onbeschikking Bevoeg of the Mortgage Grantor Over the Object of Mortgage Rights

The lack of authority of a party that does not have the right to place a mortgage on a creditor, which in the future results in a dispute, whether criminal or civil, has different legal consequences. So, it is appropriate to know the legal strength of proof of the mortgage right certificate in terms of the registration system in Indonesia and the legal consequences of issuing mortgage rights, which occur based on the mortgagor's lack of authority over the object of the mortgage right. The research uses normative research methods with analytical descriptive analysis techniques. The Mortgage Rights Certificate (SHT) has strong evidentiary power if it meets three main aspects. First, the existence of cadastral data plots, namely data related to land conditions, such as location, area, and land boundaries, which are obtained from accurate measurements of land plots. Second, a public register should be created that records the names of land rights holders. The relevant agencies officially manage this general list and are a trusted source of information. Third, implementing a publication system that shows openness of information to the public allows other parties to know the status of land rights. In issuing an invalid mortgage right due to non-compliance with applicable legal provisions, a mortgage right can have no legal force if the party providing the mortgage right is not registered as the legal owner of the object in question. This will cause losses for the party who receives the mortgage right because they cannot rely on the mortgage right to execute the debt if the debtor does not fulfill his obligations. Non-compliance or violation of the authority and provisions governing legal validity can result in serious legal consequences, such as cancellation of mortgage rights, loss of rights to objects guaranteed, or even material losses for interested parties.

Development of Project Based Learning STEAM based Water Purifier Educational Kit on Water Pollution to Train Critical Thinking Skills

Critical thinking skills are one of the skills needed in the 21st century. In one of the junior high schools in Pasuruan, students' critical thinking skills are low, so they still need improvement. The goal of this research was the creation of a learning media for an educational kit based on PjBLSTEAM that is considered worthy of being tested for its validity, practicality, and effectiveness in training junior high school students' critical thinking skills on water pollution material. The development procedure was based on the ADDIE model (analyze, design, develop, implement, and evaluate) with data collection techniques using interviews, questionnaires, and pretest-posttest questions. Data analysis techniques were applied using qualitative descriptive techniques, percentage analysis, validity tests, practicality, and effectiveness tests from the paired sample Ttest and N-Gain tests. The results of the media and material validation tests were shown to meet very valid criteria. The results from the teachers and students' feedback showed a very practical percentage. The media was considered effective, as evidenced by the results of the paired sample t-test, which indicated a difference in students' critical thinking scores before and after treatment, and the N-Gain test results, which showed a medium bar value. This research indicates that the learning media developed was valid, practical, and effective for training students' critical thinking skills

The Analysis of Translation Technique and Quality in Translating Meme Image

This study aimed to find (1) the translation techniques applied by students in translating meme images, (2) the translation quality of translating meme images and (3) the student problems in translating meme images. This research used a qualitative with case study approach, and the data collection was done by content analysis, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and interview, so that it could explore more deeply related problems found at English Department at Universitas PGRI Yogyakarta. The subjects of this research were 27 fourth semester students. The results of this study showed that the students applied 9 types of translation techniques to meme images, namely established equivalent, pure borrowing, addition, modulation, generalization, natural borrowing, explicitation, literal translation, and description. The results of the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with experts showed that the quality of the translations of meme images by the students was 2,44 (less accurate), 2,54 (less acceptable) and 2,78 (readable). The interviews with 10 students showed that the problems in translating meme images were lack of vocabulary, confusion with meme images and not understanding the context. It was concluded that the translation techniques applied by the students contributed to the quality of the translation. The description technique contributed negatively to the accuracy of meme image translation, while the addition technique contributed negatively to the acceptability, and the established equivalent technique contributed positively to the readability in meme image translation.

DEVELOPMENT OF AUGMENTED REALITY (AR) IPAS LEARNING MEDIA TO IMPROVE CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

This study aims to: 1) analyse the characteristics and quality of Class IV AR IPAS media products based on reviewer assessments; 2) implement AR IPAS media development products to improve the critical thinking skills of Class IV students; 3) analyze the effectiveness of AR IPAS media in improving critical thinking skills of Class IV students. The method used is the ADDIE RD model with the stages of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, validation sheets, assessments, and tests. Data analysis was carried out using qualitative and quantitative descriptive techniques. The results showed that AR IPAS media integrates the real and virtual worlds, and provides interactive and real-time information in 2D and 3D, made with the Assemblr Edu application. This media is effective, easy to operate, and affordable to make. However, AR media is sensitive to changes in viewing angle and requires sufficient memory capacity on the device used. The implementation of AR IPAS media at SD Negeri Nanggulan and MI Al-Huda was conducted in five meetings, students were enthusiastic and actively involved, allowing direct concept exploration. AR IPAS media products are proven to be effective, proven through paired sample t-tests on two classes showing significance p 0.05, indicating a significant difference in students' critical thinking skills before and after using AR media.

Is Innovation Relevant to Drive Marketing Strategies in Improving the Performance of Business Actors in Shopee E-Commerce?

E-commerce is an extraordinary example of an online market product that is a breakthrough for people in buying and selling activities, with a wider reach. Digital enables transactions and processes within a company, involving information systems under the control of the company. The role of social media also contributes to encouraging consumers to shop in E-commerce. Various promos and advertisements as a form of marketing strategy offered have an impact on people's interest in online shopping. With these various promos and advertisements, there is a contest to attract buyers. However, the level of public satisfaction with marketing on Shopee is not optimal, where the level of consumer trust in business owners is still low. This research aims to explain the relationship and influence of innovation in driving marketing strategies to improve the performance of business actors on Shopee. This study uses a quantitative descriptive technique with an exploratory survey approach for this study. The data used was sourced from offline surveys. The sample of this study is all Shopee Pematang Siantar E-commerce users who are classified as millennials totaling 99 people. This non-probability purposive sampling technique was chosen because there are no statistics that determine the size of the population. The data analysis technique used is the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Model used. Hypothesis testing was carried out with the results of innovation affecting marketing strategies, the second hypothesis was marketing strategies affecting the performance of business actors, The original sample value was positive which showed that the direction of the relationship between marketing strategies and the performance of business actors was positive, so it could be concluded that the second hypothesis was accepted. The marketing strategies implemented by Shopee in improving the company's performance are still not optimal. It is recommended that the selection of suppliers in providing products on Shopee is more selective so that the quality of the product, product variety and content in the application are in accordance with what is displayed. For the provision of discounts in the product distribution process to consumers so that it is clearly informed to each consumer account so that there is no misperception. Innovation needs to be improved by Shopee in terms of other payment services such as payments for the use of transportation services. So that consumers who have the SPayLater application can make their payments more conveniently. Shopee's performance still needs to be improved through the addition of suppliers from outside Indonesia so that consumers in Indonesia who want products from abroad can make purchases on the Shopee application so that the number of consumer purchases will increase.

The Key Success Factors for Sustainability in Regional Innovation to Improve the Quality of Public Services

The growth of innovation in Indonesia has been very fast in the last decade. The number of participants in the Public Service Innovation Competition held from 2014 to 2021 has increased by 517%; likewise, the Innovative Government Award held from 2018 to 2021 also increased by 576%. However, the increased number of innovations yet to show improvements in public services is indicated by the regional governments' public service index (IPP), which is below the national average. One of the causes is unsustainable regional innovations. This study aims to identify and analyze factors that affect regional innovation sustainability in improving the quality of public services. This study used a qualitative approach with data collection conducted through desk study, in-deep interviews, observations, and documentation studies. Data were analyzed by using the descriptive analysis technique. The result showed that factors affecting innovation sustainability were as follows: leadership, collaboration, expediency, and innovation ecosystem factors. The study from Bandung City, Cimahi City, and Banyuwangi Regency showed that sustainable innovation improved public service quality. This study recommends improving regional innovation governance to ensure sustainable innovation in improving the quality of public services

Health Interventions for Health Promotion in Sub-Saharan Africa: Assessing Impact on Health Literacy and Comparative Analysis of Online Communication Channels

Introduction: Considering the increased incidence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and the need for novel approaches to health promotion, this study investigates the feasibility of cross-country mHealth interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa. The study, which focuses on using digital platforms for health communication, intends to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of cross-country mhealth interventions aimed at disseminating health promotion materials in Sub-Saharan Africa across various platforms. The study is based on the NCDs 365 project, a year-long health promotion initiative in five nations aimed at promoting NCD literacy. Methodology: The study utilized a multi-stage sample technique, including an intentional selection of five nations (Cameroon, Kenya, Nigeria, Uganda, and Zimbabwe) with active local partner organizations conducting the initiative. The following stage was convenience sampling of members of these organizations who participated in the NCD365 project activities. Data gathering included the distribution of questionnaires via local partners, followed by thorough analysis using descriptive techniques and comparison tests such as ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test. The extensive methodology ensured a broad and representative sample, which increased the findings' validity and generalizability. Results: The findings demonstrated the potential of mHealth interventions to close health literacy gaps and promote positive health behaviors throughout Sub-Saharan Africa. According to an analysis of online communication platform usage, WhatsApp was the most popular (58.6%), followed by X (20.8%) and Facebook (6.8%). The study also found significant trends in platform preference across all five countries. Furthermore, gender-specific study indicated comparable literacy rates, with males slightly outperforming females. The Kruskal-Wallis test found no significant difference in the efficacy of various online communication channels for health promotion, confirming the viability of cross-country mHealth programs. Conclusions: This study highlights the significant potential of cross-country mHealth interventions for health promotion in Sub-Saharan Africa. The study's strong methodology, agreement with current research, and gender-specific analysis add to its dependability and credibility. The findings of this analysis provide significant recommendations to policymakers seeking to optimize platform-specific policies and stimulate cross-country collaborations in health promotion. Finally, these findings expand the discussion on health literacy promotion and establish the groundwork for evidence-based recommendations that might drive effective health communication initiatives in the region and beyond.

Improvement of Pre-Literacy Skills of Children Aged 3-4 Years Old KB Lantern Alam Using Loose Parts Media

This research aims to improve pre-literacy skills in children with an age range of 3-4 years through loose parts media in KB Lentera Alam. In this study, the method used is the Classroom Action Research method using this research approach using quantitative descriptive using the Kemmis and Taggart model design. The research instruments that will be used in this study are child assessment observation sheets, children's work assessment sheets, children's photo series assessment sheets, teacher observation sheets. This study uses quantitative descriptive data analysis techniques using a method of comparing the average score of students in one class before the action is taken and after the action is carried out through cycle I and cycle II. Based on the results of the study that showed an increase in pre-literacy skills in the use of loose media parts. In the pre-action activity, students obtained a complete category of 26.60%. There was an increase in cycle 1 actions, namely students who obtained a complete category of 60%. The results obtained in the second cycle also experienced an increase of 86.60%, which has exceeded the limit set by the researcher, which is 75%. The conclusion of the research that has been carried out is that pre-literacy skills can be enhanced by loose pieces to understand the idea of letters (a, i, u, e, o), and distinguish the shape of one letter from another (b, d) in children aged 3-4 years at KB Lentera Alam.

The Influence of Work from Home and Work Life Balance on Job Performance (A Case Study at PT Rata Indonesia)

Human resources play a crucial role in an organization or company because they contribute significantly to achieving organizational goals. In this context, human resources refer to employees. A factor that can enhance organizational or company growth is the evaluation of employee performance. Organizations or companies must pay attention to work methods and work-life balance in relation to their operations. Changes in employee work methods can improve job performance and lead to satisfying results. Work-life balance also needs to be managed by employees, as it impacts their job performance. This study aims to assess the levels of work-from-home practices, work-life balance, and job performance among employees at PT Rata Indonesia. The research method used is quantitative, with data presented through descriptive analysis techniques. Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire consisting of 30 statements based on a Likert scale. The population of this study includes 129 employees, and the sample was selected using a non-probability saturated sampling technique, covering the entire population. The findings indicate that work-life balance significantly influences job performance, while changes in work methods through work-from-home arrangements contribute positively to improved employee outcomes. These results highlight the importance of managing work-life balance and adapting work methods to optimize job performance.

The Effect of Public Participation on Implementation of Development Projects in Lamu County, Kenya

Institutions and individuals partaking in projects that have an impact on the wider community cannot overlook the power of public participation. The Kenyan constitution also applies this people-centred approach as enshrined in the creation of the National Government constituency development fund and the 47 counties. Key benefits of public participation include the inclusion of diverse perspectives in decision-making and a better understanding of the community’s needs. However, it appears that there is limited literature regarding how meaningful public participation impacts the capacity of a community to work in coordination and sort out its problems. The current study aims to address this gap by assessing the effect of public participation on the implementation of development projects in Lamu County, Kenya. The Ladder of Citizen Participation Theory was adopted in this study. In the study, all managers and staff members from the County Government of Lamu, who were 390 in total, formed the study population. A descriptive research design was employed. Stratified sampling and simple random sampling techniques were applied in the selection of the 196 study participants. The tools of study used were questionnaires and interview guides. Quantitative data from the questionnaires were analysed through descriptive statistical techniques. Further, there was hypothesis testing in quantitative data analysis to establish whether there is a relationship between public participation and project implementation in Lamu County. Specifically, regression analysis was adopted to establish whether there exists any association. Qualitative data from the interview guides were analysed through thematic analysis. The results reveal that public participation has a significant association with project implementation in Lamu County. Moreover, it was established that the public participation process is not effective when tested against evaluation criteria and recommends the establishment of an evaluation criteria that guarantees effective public participation

The effect of the Pancasila student profile strengthening project on bullying behavior of students (MA Nurul Iman Bandung City)

This research is driven by the rising prevalence of bullying behaviour among students, encompassing verbal, physical, mental, and sexual forms, which constitutes a significant issue within the educational system. This study aims to evaluate the impact of the project focused on enhancing the Pancasila student profile theme of awakening the soul and body as a solution to address student bullying behaviour. This study employs a quantitative methodology utilising a descriptive analytical technique. The data gathering method was a survey strategy utilising a questionnaire instrument given randomly to tenth-grade pupils. Data analysis was conducted via simple linear regression and product moment correlation, facilitated by SPSS version 25 software. The findings indicated a substantial impact of the Pancasila student profile enhancement initiative, centred on the topic of awakening the soul and body, on the bullying behaviour of tenth-grade students, with a significance value of 0.000 (0.000 < 0.05). The project's impact on enhancing the profile of Pancasila students regarding the theme of developing their character and physical well-being in relation to student bullying behaviour is 62.6%. The study's results indicate that the project aimed at enhancing the Pancasila-themed student profile significantly impacts the bullying behaviour of tenth-grade students.