Technique Survival Research Articles

Peritonitis profile in a cohort of extreme poverty patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis-5 year experience from a South Indian public private partnership model PD programme

Introduction Limitations in finance and education is thought to translate into poor technique , understanding and thereby into higher incidence of peritonitis and ultimately poor patient and technique survival. This notion sometimes leads to such patients being denied Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD). Methods: In 2013, 20 patients were initiated on CAPD under a Public Private Partnership (PPP) model project in Karnataka province, India. By regulation, they were required to belong to Below Poverty Line (BPL ) category which is a measure of extreme poverty. BPL is the equivalent of earning less than a dollar per day. They were followed up for peritonitis, technique and patient survival besides overall performance. Results: 20 patients were included ( Male: 60%, Mean age 56.7 years, Diabetic Nephropathy 48%). Peritonitis rate was 1 in 33.8 patient –months, with 3 episodes of Fungal Peritonitis (FP) including one of Candida Hemolunii. All FP led to termination of CAPD. Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) was the most common pathogen isolated , accounting for 60% of the episodes. Technique survival was 15% and patient survival was 20% at 5 years. Cardiovascular disease, sepsis, and malignancy accounted for majority of the deaths. Conclusions: Patients with background of extreme poverty had peritonitis rates comparable to good centres, however patient survival at 5 years was lower. Educational or economic considerations did not seem to be an impediment to successful CAPD.

Technique Survival and Determinants of Technique Failure in In-Center Nocturnal Hemodialysis: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Background:Long-duration (7-8 hours) hemodialysis provides benefits compared with conventional thrice-weekly, 4-hour sessions. Nurse-administered, in-center nocturnal hemodialysis (INHD) may expand the population to whom an intensive dialysis schedule can be offered.Objective:The primary objective of this study was to determine predictors of INHD technique failure, disruptions, and technique survival.Design:This study used retrospective chart and database review methodology.Setting:This study was conducted at a single Canadian INHD program operating in Victoria, British Columbia, within a tertiary care hospital. Our program serves a catchment population of approximately 450 000 people.Patients/Sample/Participants:Forty-three consecutive incident INHD patients took part in the INHD program of whom 42 provided informed consent to participate in this study.Methods:We conducted a retrospective observational study including incident INHD patients from 2015 to 2017. The primary outcome was technique failure ≤6 months (TF ≤6). Secondary outcomes included technique survival and reasons for/predictors of INHD discontinuation or temporary disruption. Predictors of each outcome included demographics, comorbidities, and Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) scoring.Results:Among 42 patients, mean (SD) age, dialysis vintage, CFS score, and follow-up were 63 (16) years, 46 (55) months, 4 (1), and 11 (9) months, respectively. 52% were aged ≥65 years. TF ≤6 occurred in 12 (29%) patients. One-year technique survival censored for transplants and home dialysis transitions was 60%. Discontinuation related to insomnia (32%), medical status change (27%), and vascular access (23%). In unadjusted Cox survival analysis, 1-point increases in CFS score associated with a higher risk of technique failure (hazard ratio: 2.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.26-3.31). In an adjusted analysis, higher frailty severity also associated with temporary INHD disruptions (incidence rate ratio: 2.64, 95% CI: 1.55-4.50, comparing CFS of ≥4 to 1-3).Limitations:The retrospective, observational design of this study resulted in limited ability to control for confounding factors. In addition, the relatively small number of events observed owing to a small sample size diminished statistical power to inform study conclusions. Use of a single physician to determine the clinical frailty score is another limitation. Finally, the use of a single center for this study limits generalizability to other programs and clinic settings.Conclusions:INHD is a sustainable modality, even among older patients. Higher frailty associates with INHD technique failure and greater missed treatments. Inclusion of a CFS threshold of ≤4 into INHD inclusion criteria may help to identify individuals most likely to realize the long-term benefits of INHD.Trial Registration:Due to the retrospective and observational design of this study, trial registration was not necessary.

Early-start and conventional-start peritoneal dialysis: a Chinese cohort study on outcome

Background Early-start peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an effective option for patients need unplanned dialysis. However, there are few studies on the long-term prognosis of early-start PD patients. Methods In this retrospective study, 635 eligible patients from 1 March 1996 to 30 September 2016 were included, and divided into three groups according to the duration of break-in period: 3 days or less, 4–13 days and more than 14 days. Patients started PD within 2 weeks and after 2 weeks were defined as early-start and conventional-start, respectively. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and the secondary outcome measures were peritonitis free survival and technical survival. Mechanical and infectious complications in the first 180 days were also analyzed. Results Early-start PD patients were more likely to have higher serum total carbon dioxide and creatinine levels and lower serum albumin, Kt/v, creatinine clearance (Ccr) and residual glomerular filtration rate (rGFR) levels at the start of PD. The median follow-up period was 30 months (interquartile range, 13-53 months). A worse survival was observed in the early-start group than that in the conventional-start group (p < 0.001), even adjustment for the covariates (HR 1.549, 95%CI 1.104–2.173, p = 0.011). In the subgroup analysis, in patients commencing PD after 2006 early-start and conventional-start PD patients had comparable survival. No differences were observed in the rate of infectious and mechanical complications, peritonitis-free survival and technique survival between early-start and conventional-start PD patients. Conclusions Early-start PD could be a safe and effective strategy for patients needing unplanned dialysis initiation with the progress of technology on PD.

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma in challenging locations: oncologic outcomes and advanced assistive technology

Purpose To assess the oncologic outcomes of the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients in challenging locations (CLs) underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation (US-PMWA) and the efficacy and safety of the advanced assistive technology (AAT). Materials and methods Data for 489 treatment-naïve patients with HCC who met Milan criteria and subsequently underwent US-PMWA were reviewed from March 2012 to November 2016. According to the distance (<5 mm) between the tumor and surrounding structures, the patients were divided into two groups: a CL group and a non-CL group. Regarding MWA assisted by AAT, the CL group was further subdivided into two groups: an AAT group and a non-AAT group. Technique effectiveness, complications and survival outcomes (i.e., overall survival [OS] and recurrence-free survival [RFS]) were compared between CL and non-CL groups. Local tumor progression (LTP) was compared between AAT and non-AAT groups. Results Technique effectiveness and complications in the CL group were similar to those in the non-CL group (p = .873 and p = .828, respectively). The OS and RFS in six types of CL groups were comparable with those in non-CL group (p = .131–.117) including adjacent vital structures, gallbladder, hepatic hilar regions, major vessels, diaphragm and capsule, respectively. The LTP rates in the AAT group were significantly higher than those in the non-AAT group (p = .001). Conclusions US-PMWA assisted by AAT to treat HCC lesions in CLs was safe and effective; also, this technique had comparable success and survival outcomes with those of patients in non-CL.

Five-year experience of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in children: a single center experience in a developing country

BACKGROUND The pediatric peritoneal dialysis (PD) program in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Indonesia was started in 2014. However, there has been no published data on the patients’ outcome. This study was aimed to report the characteristics and outcomes of a continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) program for children.&#x0D; METHODS This retrospective study was conducted in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital as a national referral hospital. Data were collected from medical records of patients aged ≤18 years with end-stage renal disease who underwent CAPD in 2014–2019. The baseline characteristics, PD-related infection rate, as well as patient and technique survivals were analyzed.&#x0D; RESULTS Out of 60 patients who underwent CAPD, 36 (60%) were boys on the age range of 4 months–18 years. The mean follow-up duration was 12 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 9.4–15.3) months. The number of PD related infections increased along with the growing number of patients on CAPD. The peritonitis rate was 0.42 episodes per year at risk, and the most common etiology was alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus (5/24, [20.8%]). The 1- and 3-year technique survival rates were 60.3% (95% CI = 44.5–72.9) and 43.9% (95% CI = 23.2–62.9). The 1- and 3-year patient survival rates were 69.6% (95% CI = 52.5–81.5) and 58% (95% CI = 31.2–77.5).&#x0D; CONCLUSIONS In this unit, CAPD could be performed in children as young as 4 months of age. The peritonitis rate was relatively low which was likely caused by skin-derived microorganisms. Both technique survival and patient survival were also relatively low.

Fewer hospitalizations and prolonged technique survival with home hemodialysis\u2013 a matched cohort study from the Swedish Renal Registry

BackgroundPatients on home hemodialysis (HHD) exhibit superior survival compared with patients on institutional hemodialysis (IHD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD). There is a sparsity of reports comparing morbidity between HHD and IHD or PD and none in a European population. The aim of this study is to compare morbidity between modalities in a Swedish population.MethodsThe Swedish Renal Registry was used to retrieve patients starting on HHD, IHD or PD. Patients were matched according to sex, age, comorbidity and start date. The Swedish Inpatient Registry was used to determine comorbidity before starting renal replacement therapy (RRT) and hospital admissions during RRT. Dialysis technique survival was compared between HHD and PD.ResultsRRT was initiated with HHD for 152 patients; these were matched with 608 patients with IHD and 456 with PD. Patients with HHD had significantly lower annual admission rate and number of days in hospital. (median 1.7 admissions; 12 days) compared with IHD (2.2; 14) and PD (2.8; 20).The annual admission rate was significantly lower for patients with HHD compared with IHD for cardiovascular diagnoses and compared with PD for infectious disease diagnoses. Dialysis technique survival was significantly longer with HHD compared with PD.ConclusionsPatients choosing HHD as initial RRT spend less time in hospital compared with patients on IHD and PD and they were more likely than PD patients, to remain on their initial modality. These advantages, in combination with better survival and higher likelihood of renal transplantation, are important incentives for promoting the use of HHD.

Unilateral nephrectomy versus renal arterial embolization and technique survival in peritoneal dialysis patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common genetic disorder associated with progressive enlargement of the kidneys and liver. ADPKD patients may require renal volume reduction, especially before renal transplantation. The standard treatment is unilateral nephrectomy. However, surgery incurs a risk of blood transfusion and alloimmunization. Furthermore, when patients are treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD), surgery is associated with an increased risk of temporary or definitive switch to haemodialysis (HD). Unilateral renal arterial embolization can be used as an alternative approach to nephrectomy. We performed a multicentre retrospective study to compare the technique of survival of PD after transcatheter renal artery embolization with that of nephrectomy in an ADPKD population. We included ADPKD patients treated with PD submitted to renal volume reduction by either surgery or arterial embolization. Secondary objectives were to compare the frequency and duration of a temporary switch to HD in both groups and the impact of the procedure on PD adequacy parameters. More than 700 patient files from 12 centres were screened. Only 37 patients met the inclusion criteria (i.e. treated with PD at the time of renal volume reduction) and were included in the study (21 embolized and 16 nephrectomized). Permanent switch to HD was observed in 6 embolized patients (28.6%) versus 11 nephrectomized patients (68.8%) (P = 0.0001). Renal artery embolization was associated with better technique survival: subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR) 0.29 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.12-0.75; P = 0.01]. By multivariate analysis, renal volume reduction by embolization and male gender were associated with a decreased risk of switching to HD. After embolization, a decrease in PD adequacy parameters was observed but no embolized patients required temporary HD; the duration of hospitalization was significantly lower [5 days [interquartile range (IQR) 4.0-6.0] in the embolization group versus 8.5 days (IQR 6.0-11.0) in the surgery group. Transcatheter renal artery embolization yields better technique survival of PD in ADPKD patients requiring renal volume reduction.

Sodium toxicity in peritoneal dialysis: mechanisms and "solutions".

The major trials in peritoneal dialysis (PD) have demonstrated that increasing peritoneal clearance of small solutes is not associated with any advantage on survival, whereas sodium and fluid overload heralds higher risk of death and technique failure. On the other hand, higher sodium and fluid overload due to loss of residual kidney function (RKF) and higher transport membrane is associated with poor patient and technique survival. Recent experimental studies also show that, independently from fluid overload, sodium accumulation in the peritoneal interstitium exerts direct inflammatory and angiogenetic stimuli, with consequent structural and functional changes of peritoneum, while in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease sodium stored in interstitial skin acts as independent determinant of left ventricular hypertrophy. Noteworthy, this tissue pool of sodium is modifiable being removed by dialysis. Therefore, novel PD strategies to optimize sodium removal, including the use of bimodal and/or low-sodium solutions, are actively tested. Nonetheless, a holistic approach aimed at preserving peritoneal function and the kidney may represent the key of therapy success in the hard task of preserving adequate sodium balance in PD patients. In this review, we describe the available evidence on sodium toxicity in PD, either related or unrelated to fluid overload, and we also discuss about possible "solutions" to preserve or restore sodium balance in PD patients.

Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of Lupus Nephritis Patients Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis: A Matched, Case-Control Study.

The long-term clinical outcomes of peritoneal dialysis (PD) for patients with lupus nephritis (LN) have not been well researched. In the present study, we investigated the long-term prognosis of a Chinese PD cohort. This was a retrospective case-control study that included LN patients receiving PD treatment for more than 90 days from January 2006 to December 2012. Non-diabetic control patients were selected using a ratio of 1:2 for age- and gender-matching. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes included technique failure and hospitalization rate. All patients were followed up to 31 December 2017. A total of 28 LN patients on PD (89.3% female, mean age 42.2±15.8 years) and 56 controls were included. After a median follow-up period of 53.1 months, 11 LN patients died. The cumulative 1-, 3-, and 5-year patient survival rates were 92.4%, 84.7%, and 67.6% in LN patients, and 100%, 93.5%, and 82.9% in the control group, respectively (p = 0.035). After adjusting for confounders, LN was not significantly associated with mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.45 - 4.26); However, LN was still an independent risk factor of technique failure (HR: 2.87, 95% CI: 1.08 - 7.66). Meanwhile, the LN group had significantly higher hospitalization and infection rates. In conclusion, LN patients undergoing PD had poor patient survival and technique survival, and higher hospitalization and infection rates.

Urgent-start peritoneal dialysis: is it ready for prime time?

This review aims to provide an up-to-date summary of the definition, current practice and evidence regarding the role of urgent-start peritoneal dialysis (USPD) in patients with end-stage kidney disease who present with unplanned dialysis requirement without functional access. USPD can be broadly defined as peritoneal dialysis initiation within the first 2 weeks after catheter insertion. Published practice patterns, in terms of catheter insertion approach, peritoneal dialysis initiation time or initial fill volume, are highly variable. Most evidence comes from small, retrospective, single-center observational studies and only one randomized controlled trial. Compared with conventional-start peritoneal dialysis, USPD appears to moderately increase the risk of mechanical complications, such as dialysate leak (relative risk 3.21, 95% confidence interval 1.73-5.95), but does not appear to adversely affect technique or patient survival. USPD may also reduce the risk of bacteremia compared with urgent-start hemodialysis delivered by central venous catheter (CVC). USPD represents an important opportunity to establish patients with urgent, unplanned dialysis requirements on a cost-effective, home-based dialysis modality with lower serious infection risks than the alternative option of hemodialysis via CVC. Robust, well executed trials are required to better inform optimal practice and safeguard patient-centered and patient-reported outcomes.

National feasibility survey of peritoneal dialysis key performance indicators in Thailand from provider perspective.

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) has been the main method of renal replacement therapy under the "PD First" policy in Thailand since 2008. Initially, the proposed 13 key performance indicators (KPIs) raised feasibility concerns because of inequitable distribution of resources such as laboratory facilities and/or specialized health-care staff for PD care throughout the country. Data availability and goals from the health-care providers' perspective were explored using an online questionnaire survey for all PD centers registered with the Nephrology Society of Thailand from May to June 2016. The availability of essential data required for each KPI indicator to achieve the desired target was assessed using a 5-point Likert scale. Of the 197 centers, 119 responded to the survey (response rate of 60.41%). PD indicators with a high percentage of strongly disagree or disagree were "PD adequacy measured in the last 12 months" (26.83%), "Total weekly Kt/V ≥ 1.7" (24.59%), "3-year PD technique survival" (21.31%), "Serum parathyroid levels within 150 to 500 pg/mL" (16.94%), and a "3-year PD patient survival" (19.01%). As many as 34.17%, 39.19%, 27.27%, 28.93%, and 22.00%, respectively, did not anticipate that the targets could be achieved. Based on the findings from this survey, the national committee concluded that these indicators be removed, and only eight PD indicators were launched. Given the importance of KPIs for quality assurance and financial reimbursement, inputs from health-care providers especially data availability and achievement of targets should be considered to ensure feasibility before the final list of indicators are launched.

The association between anaesthetic technique and cancer specific survival following surgical resection of non-small cell lung cancer

Introduction Due to the biological effects of anaesthetics on the immune system, it has been hypothesised that use of volatile anaesthetics during lung cancer surgery may negatively affect cancer outcomes compared to total intravenous anaesthetics. This study sought to investigate the relationship between anaesthetic choice and lung cancer outcome; the primary outcome was time to cancer specific mortality, with the secondary outcome of time to mortality of any cause. The effect of dose of volatile anaesthetic received was also explored in relation to cancer specific survival. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent elective open lung resection for non-small cell lung cancer between January 2010 and December 2014. Surgical records were combined with both information from the Scottish Cancer Registry and continuously recorded, electronically measured anaesthetic data. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were drawn for cancer specific and overall survival and tested for significance using Log-rank testing. Factors influencing survival were analysed using univariate and multivariate Cox Proportional Hazards Ratios. Exposure to volatile anaesthetic was quantified by determining the area under the end tidal expired anaesthetic agent vs time curve. This was adjusted for anaesthetic type using minimum alveolar concentration (MAC), to give MAC-hours which were plotted against vital status then assessed using logistic regression. Results Final analysis included 746 patients, 342 received total intravenous anaesthetic and 404 were exposed to volatile agents, with mean time to follow up of 3.65 (1.2-6.1) years. Log rank testing did not demonstrate significant differences in survival between volatile and total intravenous anaesthetics in terms of cancer specific (p = 0.80) or overall survival (p = 0.74). Anaesthetic type was not found to be a significant predictor for cancer specific or overall survival in univariate or multivariate Cox analysis (p = 0.81 for cancer specific survival and p = 0.94 for overall survival). Logistic regression used to assess dose-response was not significant for cancer specific survival (p = 0.054). No significance was found in univariate or multivariate Cox analysis for cancer specific survival based on logistic regression results. Discussion This study found no significant relationship between anaesthetic technique and long term non-small cell lung cancer survival. This contradicts a large body of retrospective work suggesting a survival benefit in patients receiving total intravenous anaesthetic for cancer surgery, but is in keeping with the findings of Oh et al (1) who also demonstrated no effect in 362 patients undergoing surgery resection for non-small cell lung cancer. Ultimately a randomised controlled trial is required in this area.

Long-term outcomes in children on chronic continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: a retrospective cohort study from a developing country.

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is the preferred modality of dialysis among children with end-stage renal disease. To study the incidence of technique failure and survival among children with end-stage renal disease on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), we included children younger than 18years of age who commenced and continued PD for more than 3months as their primary form of dialysis between 1st January 2005 and 31st December 2016. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was applied to analyze the CAPD outcomes. A total of 68 Tenckhoff (58 double cuffs, and ten single cuffs) catheters were inserted in 66 patients (mean age 12.3 ± 3.91years) during the study period. Of the 66 children, 31 (47%) experienced 45 episodes of peritonitis. The total duration on CAPD was 107.58years with a peritonitis rate of 0.42 episodes per year. Overall, the mean patient survival was 41 (95% confidence interval (CI) 29-54) months, with mean patient survival of 72% at 12months, declining to 30% at 36months and then remaining stable until the end of follow-up (106months). The overall mean technique survival was 55 (95% CI 40-69) months, with mean technique survival of 69% at 12months, declining to 44% at 36months and then remaining stable until the end of follow-up (106months). CAPD is a viable option for end-stage renal disease in children from developing countries with a lack of access to automated PD and pediatric hemodialysis centers.

Late surgical conversions after abdominal endovascular aortic repair: underlying mechanisms, clinical results and strategies for prevention.

Our goal was to report our results of late surgical conversion after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Variables analysed included baseline data, preinterventional anatomy, type of endovascular intervention, indications for conversion, operative technique, postoperative complications and follow-up survival rate. Between April 2011 and May 2018, 16 patients with late complications after EVAR underwent open surgical conversion at our institution. The mean age was 73.6 [standard deviation (SD) 8.9] years. There were 3 (18.8%) female patients. In 15 patients, the indication for primary EVAR was abdominal aortic aneurysm, and in 1 patient, chronic abdominal aortic dissection. Five patients underwent secondary EVAR service interventions for endoleak treatment between the index EVAR and the final secondary surgical conversion. Thirteen patients underwent surgery in an elective setting and 3 patients underwent emergency surgery. The mean time from EVAR to open surgical conversion was 6.31 (SD 4.0) years (range 1.2-16.0 years). The most common indication for conversion was endoleak formation (n = 12, 75%), followed by 3 cases of aortic rupture (1 patient with primary type 1 endoleak) and 2 cases of stent graft infection-1 with and 1 without an aortoduodenal fistula. One patient died during emergency open surgery of cardiopulmonary instability. Three patients developed postoperative renal dysfunction with recovery of their renal function before discharge. The in-hospital mortality rate was 12.5%. The median follow-up was 16.5 months (interquartile range 21 months). Freedom from death and aortic reintervention was 100%, respectively. After careful review of the index computed tomography scans for EVAR, the majority of failures could have been anticipated due to trade-offs with regard to length, diameter, morphology, shape and angulation of the proximal and/or distal landing zone. Despite being a challenging operation, late surgical conversion after EVAR yields excellent results with regard to outcome and freedom from the need for further aortic interventions. An anticipative strategy adhering to current recommendations for using or refraining from using EVAR in patients with anatomical challenges will help reduce the need for secondary surgical conversions and keep them to minimum.

Analysis of outcome and factors correlated with maintenance peritoneal dialysis.

ObjectivesThis study aimed to analyze the outcome and factors correlated with maintenance peritoneal dialysis (PD) to provide guidance for improving prognosis, and prolonging the catheterization and survival times of patients on PD with end-stage renal disease.MethodsClinical data of patients at The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University were retrospectively analyzed. We compared the survival and technique survival rates of patients, and analyzed relevant factors.ResultsA total of 510 cases of PD were included. Two hundred thirty-nine patients continued to receive PD treatment, 73 received kidney transplants, 72 transferred to hemodialysis, and 126 died. The main reasons of death were cardiovascular (27.00%) and cerebrovascular diseases (23.80%). The main reasons of transfer to HD were peritonitis and inadequate dialysis. The survival rates at 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 years were 95.75%, 90.34%, 82.35%, 66.21%, and 54.32%, respectively. The technique survival rates at 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 years were 93.22%, 86.76%, 77.91%, 63.16%, and 47.67%, respectively. Female sex and older age were protective factors that affected patients’ withdrawal from PD and survival time.ConclusionsDeath is the primary reason for withdrawal from PD. Female sex and older age affect patients’ withdrawal from PD and survival.

Reaching consensus on the important outcomes for peritoneal dialysis patients

The Standardized Outcomes in Nephrology (SONG) initiative is designed to improve research productivity by building consensus. Stakeholders involved with peritoneal dialysis (PD) have put life participation on top of their list, along with treatment-related infection, cardiovascular complications, and patient and technique survival. This should lead to improved reporting of these outcomes and their prioritization in future research.

Association between Dyslipidemia and Peritoneal Dialysis Technique Survival.

BACKGROUND:A large body of research has investigated the effects of pro-atherogenic lipid profile on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. However, there is a general lack of research on the association between atherogenic dyslipidemia and PD technique survival.AIM:The study aimed to define the association between dyslipidemia and PD technique survival.METHODS:It was a prospective single-centre observational study involving 40 outpatients on continuous ambulatory PD treatment for more than 3 months between 2010 and 2016 in a single centre in Ukraine. There were 27 males and 13 females. The mean age of the participants was 49.3 ± 12.2 years. The primary outcome measures were all-cause technique failure.RESULTS:Atherogenic dyslipidemia was identified in 28/40 (70 %) patients and correlated with PD adequacy parameters. During the 36-month- follow-up period technique failure occurred in 2/12 (16.6 %) patients with atherogenic dyslipidemia compared with 12 / 28 (42.9 %) patients without atherogenic dyslipidemia (χ2 = 2.5; p = 0.12). In the univariate Cox regression model, atherogenic dyslipidemia at baseline was significantly associated with a higher risk of all-cause PD technique failure (HR 4.5; 95% CI 1.6 to 12.9; χ2 = 5.5, p = 0.019).CONCLUSION:The presence of atherogenic dyslipidemia was significantly associated with a higher risk of technique failure in PD patients. This is an important issue for future research. Further well-designed clinical trials are needed to determine the impact of dyslipidemia on PD adequacy and technique survival.

Incremental Peritoneal Dialysis May be Beneficial for Preserving Residual Renal Function Compared to Full-dose Peritoneal Dialysis

Maintaining residual renal function (RRF) is a crucial issue in peritoneal dialysis (PD). Incremental dialysis is the practice of initiating PD exchanges less than four times a day in consideration of RRF, and increasing dialysis dose in a step-wise manner as the RRF decreases. We aimed to compare the outcomes of incremental PD and full-dose PD in terms of RRF preservation and other outcomes. This was a single-center, observational study. Data were extracted retrospectively from a cohort of incident PD patients over 16 years old who started PD between 2007 and 2015 in the PD Unit of Seoul National University Hospital. We used inverse probability weighting (IPW) adjustment based on propensity scores to balance covariates between the incremental and full-dose PD groups. Multivariate, time-dependent Cox analyses were performed. Among 347 incident PD patients, 176 underwent incremental PD and 171 underwent conventional full-dose PD. After IPW adjustment, the incremental PD group exhibited a lower risk of developing anuria (hazard ratio [HR] 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.43–0.88). Patient survival, technique survival, and peritonitis-free survival were all similar between these groups (P > 0.05 by log-rank test). Incremental PD was beneficial for preserving RRF and showed similar patient survival when compared to conventional full-dose PD.

Urgent-start peritoneal dialysis for patients with end stage renal disease: a 10-year retrospective study

BackgroundUrgent-start peritoneal dialysis (PD) can help patients with end-stage renal diseases (ESRD) that are referred late to dialysis. However, catheter patency and related complications of urgent-start PD have not been thoroughly clarified. We investigated the clinical outcomes of urgent-start PD in a Chinese cohort.MethodsWe enrolled ESRD patients who received urgent-start PD (starting PD within 14 days after catheter insertion) in our center from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2014, and followed them up for 10 years. The primary outcome was catheter failure. Secondary outcomes included short-term and long-term complications related to urgent-start PD.ResultsTotally 2059 patients (58.9% male, mean age 47.6 ± 15.9 years) were enrolled. Few perioperative complications were observed, including significant hemorrhage (n = 3, 0.1%) and bowel perforation (n = 0). Early peritonitis occurred in 24 (1.2%) patients (0.28 episodes per patient-year). Within the first month after catheter insertion, functional catheter malfunction occurred in 85 (4.1%) patients, and abdominal wall complications (including hernia, hydrothorax, hydrocele, and leakage) in 36 (1.7%) patients. During a median 36.5 (17.7–61.4) months of follow-up, 75 (3.6%) patients experienced catheter failure, and 291 (14.1%) had death-censoring technique failure. At the end of 1-month, 1 -year, 3-year, and 5-year, catheter patency rate was 97.6, 96.4, 96.2, 96.2%; and technique survival rate was 99.5, 97.0, 90.3, 82.7%, respectively. After adjusting for confounders, every 5-year increase in age was associated with 19% decrease of risk for catheter failure (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73–0.89). Male sex (HR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.00–2.04), diabetic nephropathy (HR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.08–2.25) and low hemoglobin levels (HR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.81–0.98) were independent risk factors for abdominal wall complications.ConclusionsUrgent-start PD is a safe and efficacious option for unplanned ESRD patients. A well-trained PD team, a standardized catheter insertion procedure by experienced nephrologists, and a carefully designed initial PD prescription as well as comprehensive follow-up care, might be essential for the successful urgent-start PD program.

SUN-071 COMPARISON OF OUTCOMES BETWEEN URGENT-START AND CONVENTIONAL-START PERITONEAL DIALYSIS: A SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE IN SINGAPORE

Majority of patients with chronic kidney disease initiated dialysis without a permanent dialysis access. The practice of urgent-start peritoneal dialysis (PD) can potentially avoid the utilization of central venous catheter and its complications. It was a single-centre retrospective cohort study, including all incident adult PD patients from Singapore General Hospital from January to December 2017. Patients were followed up till July 2018. Urgent-start PD was defined as the commencement of PD within 2 weeks of catheter insertion. The primary aim was pericatheter leak and secondary aims were infectious complications including day-30 and day-90 exit-site/tunnel infection and peritonitis, peritonitis-free survival, technique survival, death-censored technique survival and patient survival. Mechanical and infectious complications were compared using Fisher’s Exact test, technique and patient survival were compared using Kaplan-Meier analysis, log-rank test and multivariable Cox regression. A total of 163 PD patients were included in the study. Of these, 42 patients initiated urgent-start PD and 121 patients initiated conventional-start PD. Baseline characteristics including age, gender, race, body mass index, comorbidities including diabetes mellitus, ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and modality of PD were comparable between the two groups. Pericatheter leak was similar between urgent-start PD and conventional-start PD groups (3 (7%) versus 2 (2%); p =0.11). Exit-site/tunnel infection at day-30 (5 (4%) versus 0 ; p =0.22) and day-90 (8 (7%) versus 0 ; p=0.09) were not significantly different between urgent-start PD and conventional-start PD groups. Similarly, peritonitis at day-30 (2 (2%) versus 1 (2%); p = 0.59) and day-90 (6 (5%) versus 3 (7%); p= 0.42) were comparable between urgent-start PD and conventional-start PD groups. Peritonitis-free survival (p=0.12), technique survival (p=0.07), death-censored technique survival (p =0.10) and patient survival (p=0.39) were comparable between the two groups. In multivariable Cox regression, after adjusting for presence of ischemic heart disease, technique survival (Hazard ratio (HR): 2.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.99 – 5.13), patient survival (HR: 2.04, 95% CI: 0.59 – 7.06) and peritonitis-free survival (HR: 1.78, 95% CI: 0.72 – 4.38) were comparable between the two groups. Urgent-start PD had a similar pericatheter leak, infectious complications, technique and patient survival compared to conventional-start PD. Urgent-start PD can be considered as a modality of renal replacement therapy for unplanned end-stage kidney failure patients who require dialysis urgently.