Encryption Technique Research Articles

Application analysis of data encryption technology

Data encryption technology is a key method to secure sensitive data. The privacy and confidentiality of data is protected by encrypting the data, i.e., transforming the original data into a form that cannot be understood without authorization. However, the security of traditional encryption algorithms is gradually challenged with the increase in computing power. Therefore, studying how to apply more advanced encryption techniques has become a current research hotspot. This study aims to analyze the application of data encryption techniques and explore the advantages and applicability of emerging encryption algorithms. This paper presents a variety of methods for preventing users' privacy breaches, with a primary focus on the principles of homomorphic encryption and how data can be accessed by users without decryption. Additionally, the working principles of secure multiparty computation are discussed, allowing multiple users to perform calculations on shared data while preserving data privacy. Furthermore, the paper explores data encryption techniques that employ specific algorithms to convert plaintext into ciphertext, ensuring both data consistency and privacy. Finally, a summary and future prospects are provided.

Enhancing Data Protection through Advanced Encryption or Improving Data Security with Advanced Encryption

The protection of information content is becoming a key concern with the recent exponential growth of digital data interchange over computer networks. Numerous security vulnerabilities can readily jeopardize the information sent over a network. An enhanced modification for the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm is proposed and implemented using an additional key that generated using a linear feedback shift register (LFSR), which provides an efficient technique to pseudo random number generation and also reduces the number of rounds. Cryptography plays a crucial role in ensuring the security of digital data transmission over these unsafe networks. When compared to the original AES algorithm result, the suggested technique produces the expected results for several data types, including text, images, It is more important than ever to strengthen data protection procedures in an era of rising cyber dangers and growing reliance on digital data. A thorough framework for "Enhancing Data Protection through Advanced Encryption" (EDPAE) is introduced in this study. The project's goal is to protect sensitive data by utilizing state-of-the-art encryption techniques in response to the ever-changing cyber security scenario. In addition, the project places a strong emphasis on how to seamlessly incorporate advanced encryption into current data storage and communication systems in order to minimize interference with user operations and greatly improve overall security posture. In order to guarantee the secure creation, distribution, and storage of encryption keys and to reduce potential risks related to key compromise, key management features are addressed.

Encryption of Card Details Using AES with a 128-bit Key a Secure Approach to Data Protection

Data security is a critical concern in today's digital age, particularly regarding the protection of sensitive information such as cardholder data. This research paper explores the implementation of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption with a 128-bit key as a means of safeguarding card details. The project demonstrates the encryption and decryption process, ensuring data confidentiality and integrity. Utilizing the pycryptodome library in Python, the AES encryption technique is applied to encrypt card details, offering a secure approach to data protection. The methodology section outlines the AES encryption process, emphasizing key generation, encryption, and decryption. A detailed explanation of the Python implementation highlights the importance of key length and randomness in the encryption process. The results section presents the outcomes of encrypting and decrypting card details using AES encryption, analyzing the efficiency and security of the encryption process. Additionally, potential vulnerabilities and challenges encountered during implementation are discussed, along with their resolutions. In the discussion section, the research findings are interpreted in the context of data security and encryption standards. A comparison between AES encryption and other encryption algorithms is provided, evaluating performance and security aspects. Consideration is given to future research directions in the field of data encryption and security. Overall, this research paper underscores the significance of AES encryption with a 128-bit key for protecting cardholder information. By implementing AES encryption, organizations can enhance data security measures, ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of sensitive data in digital transactions. This abstract provides a concise overview of the research paper, summarizing the objectives, methodology, results, and implications of implementing AES encryption for card data protection. It highlights the importance of data security and encryption techniques in safeguarding sensitive information in digital transactions. Tokenizing cards enhances security, ensures regulatory compliance, boosts customer trust, and streamlines payment processes while reducing liability for organizations. Future developments may involve tokenizing cards even without customer consent. Keywords: Tokenization, Payment systems, Encryption, Fraud prevention

FedCSL: A Scalable and Accurate Approach to Federated Causal Structure Learning

As an emerging research direction, federated causal structure learning (CSL) aims at learning causal relationships from decentralized data across multiple clients while preserving data privacy. Existing federated CSL algorithms suffer from scalability and accuracy issues, since they require computationally expensive CSL algorithms to be executed at each client. Furthermore, in real-world scenarios, the number of samples held by each client varies significantly, and existing methods still assign equal weights to the learned structural information from each client, which severely harms the learning accuracy of those methods. To address these two limitations, we propose FedCSL, a scalable and accurate method for federated CSL. Specifically, FedCSL consists of two novel strategies: (1) a federated local-to-global learning strategy that enables FedCSL to scale to high-dimensional data for tackling the scalability issue, and (2) a novel weighted aggregation strategy that does not rely on any complex encryption techniques while preserving data privacy for tackling the accuracy issue. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets, high-dimensional synthetic datasets and a real-world dataset verify the efficacy of the proposed FedCSL method. The source code is available at https://github.com/Xianjie-Guo/FedCSL.

A Review of Blowfish Algorithm for Network Security

The introduction of the internet has made safety a top anxiety. And the preceding of safety permits for improved knowledge in the creation of safety tools. Several concerns about safekeeping might have arisen just from the way the internet was set up. Many businesses use firewalls and encryption techniques to protect themselves online. Businesses can design an "intranet" that is protected from potential risks while being linked to the internet. For increased safety, better encryption techniques are needed to retain data integrity. For better encryption, it is essential to consider into explanation a number of issues, including key extent, chunk extent, and encoding proportion. Key Words: Cryptography, Plaintext, Ciphertext, Encryption, Decryption,

Hybrid Encryption for Securing and Tracking Goods Delivery by Multipurpose Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Rural Areas Using Cipher Block Chaining and Physical Layer Security

This paper investigated the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for the delivery of critical goods to remote areas in the absence of network connectivity. Under such conditions, it is important to track the delivery process and record the transactions in a delay-tolerant fashion so that this information can be recovered after the UAV’s return to base. We propose a novel framework that combines the strengths of cipher block chaining, physical layer security, and symmetric and asymmetric encryption techniques in order to safely encrypt the transaction logs of remote delivery operations. The proposed approach is shown to provide high security levels, making the keys undetectable, in addition to being robust to attacks. Thus, it is very useful in drone systems used for logistics and autonomous goods delivery to multiple destinations. This is particularly important in health applications, e.g., for vaccine transmissions, or in relief and rescue operations.

NTK-3D chaotic map and a non-associative LA-field sequences for image encryption

The imperative protection of digital information and its secure transmission has evolved into a complex challenge. Within this context, non-linear dynamical systems assume a pivotal role in fortifying content security by their unpredictable behavior and susceptibility to initial conditions. This study introduces an innovative 3D-chaotic system. The proposed map is then examined through bifurcation diagrams and randomness tests, revealing an intricate chaotic behavior of the system. Moreover, an advanced method of securing information is introduced, incorporating a non-associative LA-field sequences-oriented affine transformation. The initial procurement of a non-associative LA field through computational approaches is succeeded by utilizing sequences of its components to establish an affine transformation. This transformative process serves as the central aspect of the suggested color image encryption method. In this strategy, the NTK-3D map and the innovative affine transformation collaborate to introduce both confusion and diffusion, thereby fortifying the overall security stance. The non-associative behavior of the involved algebraic structure, combined with a dynamical system, results in highly resilient encryption. The proposed scheme is not only time-efficient but also has an expanded key space. The results of some performance assessments demonstrate that the suggested encryption technique for the digital medium is capable of resisting well-known attacks.

Three-Dimensional Single Random Phase Encryption.

In this paper, we propose a new optical encryption technique that uses the single random phase mask. In conventional optical encryptions such as double random phase encryption (DRPE), two different random phase masks are required to encrypt the primary data. For decryption, DRPE requires taking the absolute value of the decrypted data because it is complex-valued. In addition, when key information is revealed, the primary data may be reconstructed by attackers. To reduce the number of random phase masks and enhance the security level, in this paper, we propose single random phase encryption (SRPE) with additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and volumetric computational reconstruction (VCR) of integral imaging. In our method, even if key information is known, the primary data may not be reconstructed. To enhance the visual quality of the decrypted data by SRPE, multiple observation is utilized. To reconstruct the primary data, we use VCR of integral imaging because it can remove AWGN by average effect. Thus, since the reconstruction depth can be another key piece of information of SRPE, the security level can be enhanced. In addition, it does not require taking the absolute value of the decrypted data for decryption. To verify the validity of our method, we implement the simulation and calculate performance metrics such as peak sidelobe ratio (PSR) and structural similarity (SSIM). In increasing the number of observations, SSIM for the decrypted data can be improved dramatically. Moreover, even if the number of observations is not enough, three-dimensional (3D) data can be decrypted by SRPE at the correct reconstruction depth.

Secure transmission and monitoring of ECG signals based on chaotic mapping algorithms

ABSTRACT The rapid advancement of digital healthcare and telemedicine has accentuated the need for robust and secure methods of transmitting sensitive medical data, such as electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. This article presents an innovative approach to ECG signal encryption, leveraging the power of chaotic dynamics through the Henon and Baker maps. Chaotic systems have proven to be formidable tools for encryption due to their inherent unpredictability and sensitivity to initial conditions. In this study, we demonstrate the efficacy of Chaotic Henon Map (CHM) and Chaotic Baker Maps (CBM) in encrypting ECG data, ensuring both data privacy and integrity during transmission. Through a detailed exploration of the CHM and CBM, we elucidate their mathematical foundations and unique properties that make them suitable for ECG encryption. The encryption process involves the generation of chaotic keys, which are utilized to scramble the ECG signal in a way that is virtually impossible to decipher without the correct decryption keys. We also discuss the security features of this encryption method, including resistance against common cryptographic attacks. The results of our experiments demonstrate the robustness of this encryption technique in safeguarding sensitive medical information, making it a valuable addition to the toolkit of secure ECG data transmission methods.

DATA PRIVACY AND SECURITY IN IT: A REVIEW OF TECHNIQUES AND CHALLENGES

In today's interconnected digital world, data privacy and security have emerged as paramount concerns for individuals, organizations, and governments alike. This review provides a comprehensive review of techniques and challenges surrounding data privacy and security in information technology (IT) systems. The review begins by outlining the significance of data privacy and security in IT, emphasizing the proliferation of sensitive information stored and transmitted across various digital platforms. With the exponential growth of data collection, storage, and processing, ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data has become imperative. Next, the review delves into the techniques employed to safeguard data privacy and security in IT environments. Encryption techniques, such as symmetric and asymmetric cryptography, play a crucial role in protecting data from unauthorized access and interception. Additionally, access control mechanisms, including authentication and authorization protocols, help manage user privileges and restrict unauthorized entry into sensitive data repositories. Furthermore, anonymization and pseudonymization techniques are utilized to conceal personally identifiable information (PII) and mitigate the risk of identity theft and privacy breaches. Moreover, the review discusses the challenges associated with data privacy and security in IT ecosystems. These challenges include the evolving nature of cyber threats, such as malware, ransomware, and social engineering attacks, which constantly test the resilience of IT defenses. Additionally, compliance with regulatory frameworks, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), presents significant challenges for organizations striving to adhere to stringent data protection standards while maintaining operational efficiency. Furthermore, emerging technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI), introduce novel security risks and privacy concerns due to their interconnected nature and reliance on vast amounts of data. In conclusion, the review underscores the critical importance of continuously evaluating and enhancing data privacy and security measures in IT systems to mitigate risks, comply with regulations, and foster trust among stakeholders in an increasingly digitalized world.
 Keywords: Data, Privacy, Security, IT, AI.

Session password Blum–Goldwasser cryptography based user three layer authentication for secured financial transaction

Cloud computing is an eminent and evolving technology that offers various services such as data transaction, authentication, distribution and so on. In this article, session password Blum–Goldwasser Cryptography based user authentication (SPBGCUA) method is proposed to enhance the communication security of cloud services with minimum overhead. Moreover, SPBGCUA is a cryptographic technique that provides secured authentication mechanism for financial transaction with higher confidentiality rate. In order to fill the security lack of recent authentication techniques, this method develops dynamic security structure with key generation, encryption, authentication and decryption techniques. Finally, analysis is performed using SPBGCUA Method on factors such as authentication accuracy, data confidentiality rate and data integrity for number of financial data and cloud users.

Efficient and Secure Distributed Data Storage and Retrieval Using Interplanetary File System and Blockchain

Blockchain technology has been successfully applied in recent years to promote the immutability, traceability, and authenticity of previously collected and stored data. However, the amount of data stored in the blockchain is usually limited for economic and technological issues. Namely, the blockchain usually stores only a fingerprint of data, such as the hash of data, while full, raw information is stored off-chain. This is generally enough to guarantee immutability and traceability, but misses to support another important property, that is, data availability. This is particularly true when a traditional, centralized database is chosen for off-chain storage. For this reason, many proposals try to properly combine blockchain with decentralized IPFS storage. However, the storage of data on IPFS could pose some privacy problems. This paper proposes a solution that properly combines blockchain, IPFS, and encryption techniques to guarantee immutability, traceability, availability, and data privacy.

Design and Implementation of a Secured, Real-Time Internet-based Voting System

The Internet of Voting system presented in this paper represents a modern solution to the challenges faced by the traditional electoral processes. In an era characterized by technological advancements, this system harnesses digital innovation to enhance the efficiency, security, and accessibility of elections. Evolving from a rich history of voting systems, this digital platform integrates several influential works and leverages cutting-edge technology to create a user-friendly interface with robust security measures. The system addresses critical issues that have plagued traditional paper and electronic ballots, such as voter confusion and fraud, by implementing stringent encryption techniques, password renewal mechanisms, and real-time prevention of duplicated votes. It enables the elimination of multiple registrations, streamlining the voter registration process. Online voting systems have gained prominence as a means of conducting elections efficiently, reducing logistical challenges, and increasing voter accessibility. The system offers three distinct categories for voting: Regional Elections, Local Elections, and Presidential Elections, each with its own set of independent candidates.

Beyond pixels and ciphers: Navigating the advancements and challenges in visual cryptography

<p>Visual cryptography (VC) has emerged as a pivotal solution for secure information transmission, leveraging its unique capability to encrypt images in a user-friendly and accessible manner. This survey paper provides an in-depth analysis of various VC methods, highlighting their distinct encryption and decryption techniques, applicability, and security levels. The study delves into the technical specifications of each VC type, offering insights into secret image formats, the number of secret images used, types of shares, pixel expansion, and complexity. Significant attention is given to the practical applications of VC, ranging from secure document verification and anti-counterfeiting measures to digital watermarking and online data protection. The paper also identifies key challenges in the field, such as image quality retention post-decryption, computational efficiency, and scalability. Future prospects of VC are explored, particularly its potential integration with emerging technologies like AI and blockchain. This survey aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of VC’s current state, its diverse applications, and the future possibilities, making it a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in the field of data security and cryptography.</p>

Designing And Implementing a Chat System with Enhanced Security Via AES Encryption Methods

As technology has advanced, we have ushered in the age of the Internet, where online communication tools have become the preferred method for information exchange. While this shift offers unprecedented convenience and efficiency, it also introduces a slew of security concerns. Messages traversing the vast expanse of the internet are vulnerable to interception, tampering, and even fabrication by malicious entities. Such actions can disrupt communications and lead to significant repercussions for all involved parties. Given these threats, the imperative for robust encryption becomes clear. Typically, to safeguard the contents of a message, the sender encrypts it using a specific key. In the absence of this key, adversaries find it challenging, if not impossible, to decipher the encrypted message. Upon receipt, the intended recipient, equipped with the necessary key, decrypts the message to access its original content. Beyond encryption, digital signatures are often employed to verify the authenticity of the sender and prevent message forgery. Such cryptographic measures are pivotal in maintaining the sanctity of digital communications. This article embarks on an exploration of prevalent encryption techniques employed by contemporary online communication tools. It delves deeper into the AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) method, spotlighting its mechanics and efficacy. Culminating in a tangible application, the article presents the design of a rudimentary chat system underpinned by AES encryption, showcasing its potential in real-world secure communication scenarios.

Dynamic feedback bit-level image privacy protection based on chaos and information hiding

Bit is the most basic unit of a digital image in the spatial domain, and bit-level encryption is regarded as an important technical means for digital image privacy protection. To address the vulnerability of image privacy protection to cryptographic attacks, in this paper, a bit-level image privacy protection scheme using Zigzag and chain-diffusion is proposed. The scheme uses a combination of Zigzag interleaving scrambling with chaotic sequences and chain-diffusion method images are encrypted at each bit level, while using non-sequential encryption to achieve efficient and secure encryption. To balance security and efficiency, the encryption strategy for each bit layer is weighted. The chaos-based sequences used for encryption depend on the previous hash value, thus the effect of chain-diffusion is achieved. To further enhance the encryption effect, a non-sequential encryption technique by non-linearly rearranging the bit cipher image is employed, so that the attacker cannot crack the protection scheme by analyzing the encrypted image. The ciphertext image hidden by discrete wavelet transform (DWT) also provides efficient encryption, higher level of security and robustness to attacks. This technology provides indistinguishable secret data embedding, making it difficult for attackers to detect or extract hidden information. Experimental results show that this scheme can effectively protect the confidentiality of the image and can resist various common cryptographic attacks. The scheme proposed in this paper is a preferred digital image privacy protection technology, so it has broad application prospects in image secure transmission occasions.

Enhanced Cloud Computing Security Using Application-Based Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) for Communication Systems

The objective of this study is to create an advanced cloud computing security system that addresses the security vulnerabilities inherent in existing authentication processes in communication systems. Specifically, the study developed an application-based multi-layer and multi-factor authentication (MFA) program that enhances cloud security measures. The system presented an improved approach to cloud computing security through the implementation of application-based multi-factor authentication (MFA). By leveraging encryption techniques, the system guarantees secure access based on user profiles. These profiles consist of valid usernames, passwords, and token numbers generated by the application. In addition, the system enhances security by integrating the Time-based One-Time Password (TOTP) algorithm (IETF RFC 6238) with location checks, augmenting the overall protection measures. A thorough testing procedure was carried out on the system, with a specific focus on a test web application hosted on the cloud server. The result validated the efficacy of all three authentication factors integrated within the application.

VLSI Implementation of Speech Steganography with Advanced Wavelet Transform

In the realm of secure communication systems, the integration of advanced wavelet transforms into speech steganography systems has emerged as a promising path. Secure transmission of sensitive information in military communications, confidential exchange of data in corporate environments, and protection of personal information in telecommunication networks. However, the current system employs conventional methods of speech steganography, relying on basic encryption techniques and simplistic embedding algorithms. While functional, these approaches lack robustness and fail to adequately conceal secret data within speech signals, leaving them vulnerable to detection and interception. So, the proposed system leverages advanced wavelet transforms to enhance the security and efficiency of speech steganography. By exploiting the multi-resolution analysis capabilities of wavelets, the system achieves improved embedding capacity while maintaining perceptual transparency. Additionally, the use of dynamic embedding algorithms based on wavelet coefficients ensures adaptability to varying signal characteristics, enhancing robustness against attacks and noise interference. The VLSI implementation of this system optimizes resource utilization and computational efficiency, making it suitable for real-time applications in communication systems.

PREVENTION OF CYBER FRAUDS IN THE BANKING SECTOR

The project under study explores the prevention of cyber fraud in the banking sector. With the rise of digital banking and increasing cyber threats, it is crucial to identify effective measures to combat cyber fraud and protect the integrity of the banking system. The key strategies for prevention, include education and awareness, technology solutions, fraud detection, and monitoring, as well as collaboration and regulatory measures. Educating customers and bank employees about cyber fraud risks, implementing multi-factor authentication systems, utilizing encryption techniques, and employing anomaly detection algorithms are some of the preventive measures discussed. The project emphasizes the importance of collaboration between banks, law enforcement agencies, and cybersecurity organizations to enhance information sharing and response to cyber threats. Strengthening regulatory frameworks and imposing strict penalties are also identified as crucial steps in promoting cybersecurity practices and deterring cyber criminals. By understanding and implementing these preventive measures, the banking sector can mitigate the risks associated with cyber fraud and safeguard customer assets and data. Key Words: — Banking, Cyber security, Cyber Fraud detection, Finance, Institution, Clients, Customer, Prevention, Research, Collaboration, Interdisciplinary, Strategies, Measures,

Revocable and verifiable weighted attribute-based encryption with collaborative access for electronic health record in cloud

The encryption of user data is crucial when employing electronic health record services to guarantee the security of the data stored on cloud servers. Attribute-based encryption (ABE) scheme is considered a powerful encryption technique that offers flexible and fine-grained access control capabilities. Further, the multi-user collaborative access ABE scheme additionally supports users to acquire access authorization through collaborative works. However, the existing multi-user collaborative access ABE schemes do not consider the different weights of collaboration users. Therefore, using these schemes for weighted multi-user collaborative access results in redundant attributes, which inevitably reduces the efficiency of the ABE scheme. This paper proposes a revocable and verifiable weighted attribute-based encryption with collaborative access scheme (RVWABE-CA), which can provide efficient weighted multi-user collaborative access, user revocation, and data integrity verification, as the fundamental cornerstone for establishing a robust framework to facilitate secure sharing of electronic health records in a public cloud environment. In detail, this scheme employs a novel weighted access tree to eliminate redundant attributes, utilizes encryption version information to control user revocation, and establishes Merkle Hash Tree for data integrity verification. We prove that our scheme is resistant against chosen plaintext attack. The experimental results demonstrate that our scheme has significant computational efficiency advantages compared to related works, without increasing storage or communication overhead. Therefore, the RVWABE-CA scheme can provide an efficient and flexible weighted collaborative access control and user revocation mechanism as well as data integrity verification for electronic health record systems.