Descriptive Techniques Research Articles

The Influence of the Principal's Leadership Style on BOS Fund Fraud with Accountability as an Intervening

Therefore, this research aims to determine the influence of the Principal's leadership style on fraud in School Operational Costs (BOS) funds in Indonesia with accountability as an intervening variable. Methodology/approach – The research uses descriptive statistical analysis techniques and inferential statistical analysis to analyze sample data and the results are applied to the population, with the Structural Equation Model (SEM) with a Partial Least Square (PLS) approach based on the results of theoretical studies and hypotheses to be tested as well as this approach quantitative. Findings - The results obtained from this research are that there is a significant influence of the principal's leadership style on BOS fund fraud, there is a significant influence of the principal's leadership style on accountability, there is a significant influence of accountability on BOS fund fraud, and there is a significant influence of the principal's leadership style on fraud BOS funds with accountability as an intervening variable. So far previous research has been carried out to analyze the transparency and accountability of the use of BOS funds, but no one has specifically examined the influence of the school principal's leadership style on BOS fund fraud. Therefore, in this study, we want to examine the influence of the school principal's leadership style on BOS fund fraud by including accountability, which has been the subject of previous research, as an intervening variable.

Traditional Marriage Culture Among People from Different Nationalities: A Study of Cultural Adaptation in the Gampong Iboih Community, Suka Karya District, Sabang City, Aceh Province

A marriage between different nationalities is a marriage between two people residing in Indonesia who are subject to different laws due to differences in nationality, with one of the parties being an Indonesian citizen. The process of implementing marriages between nations often requires cultural adaptation. Cultural adaptation in traditional marriages between nations is a process in which couples from different cultures attempt to incorporate elements from their respective cultures into their marriage. This is an important step in understanding and respecting cultural differences, as well as ensuring that the marriage takes place in harmony. Apart from the many factors that support marriage between nations, various factors inhibit marriage between nations, obstacles, and problems that affect the harmony of relationships. Thus, this research aims to describe and analyze cultural adaptations to marriage between nations in the Gampong Iboih community, Suka Makmue District, Sabang City and analyze the supporting and inhibiting factors of marriage culture in the Gampong Iboih community, Suka Makmue District, Sabang City. The research uses a qualitative approach method and the nature of the research used is a descriptive analysis of research case studies. Data sources come from primary and secondary data, and data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. Interviews were conducted in Gampong Iboih, Suka Makmue District, Sabang City, Aceh Province. The informants in this research were members of community groups who carried out traditional marriages between nations. Results show that the cultural adaptation process resulting from marriage between nations takes the form of language/communication, wedding ceremonies, culinary traditions, and children’s education. The supporting factors for marriage between nations include openness, tolerance between both parties, flexibility, education, and social support. Apart from that, several factors inhibit marriage between nations, namely different values and norms between husband and wife, citizenship and legal issues, and language differences. Keywords: marriage of different nationalities, cultural adaptation

Effect of concentric strategy on the performance of Commercial State Corporations in Kenya

The study sought to assess the effect of concentric strategy on the performance of Commercial State Corporations in Kenya. A cross-sectional correlational design was adopted as the study design. The target population was 1,026 senior managers of the Commercial State Corporations. The sample size was 99 senior managers in Commercial State Corporations. Primary data was gathered using a structured questionnaire. Collected data was analysed using descriptive data analysis techniques (Mean, Standard Deviation, Maximum and Minimum) and regression analysis. The results were presented using tables and figures. The study established a significant effect of concentric strategy on the financial, customers and internal business process performance of Commercial State Corporations in Kenya (β =0.829, p=0.000<0.05; β =0.648, p=0.000<0.05). Only learning, growth, and development as a measure of a Balanced Scorecard were not affected by the concentric strategy of the Commercial State Corporations. This study concludes that the concentric strategy significantly improved the financial, customer, and internal business process performance of Commercial State Corporations in Kenya, as supported by statistical evidence. However, it had no significant effect on learning, growth, and development performance. The study recommends that Commercial State Corporations in Kenya establish policies for strategic partnerships, develop performance metrics and Key Performance Indicators, and regularly monitor progress to effectively implement concentric strategies and enhance long-term performance.

Utilization of Learning Media Geography of High School in Sleman Regency

This study aims to explore various aspects of learning media in geography at senior high schools in Sleman Regency, focusing on four key areas: the availability of media (including type, quantity, and condition), the utilization of media, the difficulties faced by teachers, and the efforts made to optimize media use. Utilizing a descriptive quantitative method, the research surveyed geography teachers and high school students in grades X, XI, and XII across 45 schools, comprising 17 public and 28 private institutions. A proportional random sampling technique selected 16 schools, with 16 teachers and 96 students chosen through purposive sampling. Data were collected via questionnaires, interviews, and observations, and analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques. Results revealed that the available learning media, primarily maps, atlases, and globes, were classified as insufficient in quantity, despite being in good condition. The utilization of media was in a favorable category, with a media variation of 68.75 percent. Student responses regarding media usage were high, and opportunities for engagement were also positive. However, teachers faced significant challenges, with 68.75 percent reporting difficulties related to limited media availability, manpower, costs, and time. Teachers' efforts to address these challenges were classified as moderate (87.50 percent), including organizing independent media, utilizing donations, and participating in training sessions and teacher meetings.

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Pendidikan Agama Katolik dan Budi Pekerti Materi Manusia Pribadi Unik Model Problem Based Learning Berbantuan Power Point di Kelas X-3 Fase E SMA Negeri 7 Medan

This study aims to improve students' understanding of the concept of self as a unique person in Catholic teachings with the help of interesting and Visual Power Point. This study was conducted at SMA Negeri 7 Medan in Class X-3 with the subjects of this study were 9 students. Based on the analysis of data on the initial reflection which still showed that student learning outcomes were still lacking, the study was conducted by applying the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model in learning Unique Personal Humans. To improve student learning outcomes. The use of Power Point with conventional methods, for example, lectures without Media is very important, especially in learning unique personal material. The study showed that the group using Power Point had significantly better learning outcomes compared to the Control group. So this can indicate that Power Point can be an interesting and effective alternative to improve student learning outcomes in Catholic Religious Studies. in Catholic Religious Education. This study was conducted in class X-3 Phase E. Data collection techniques were observation and testing. The data analysis technique used was qualitative descriptive technique. According to the results of the research that has been conducted, the following conclusions were obtained: Learning activities using the Problem Based Learning model can improve student learning outcomes on the Unique Human Personality material.

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Pak Dengan Model PBL Berbantuan LKPD Fase C Kelas 5 SDN 102005 Durian Tinggung

This study aims to determine the improvement of cognitive and affective learning outcomes in the dimensions of Faith, Devotion to God Almighty and Mutual Cooperation through the PBL model for students at SD Negeri 102005 Durian Tinggung. This type of research is classroom action research with research steps, namely planning, implementation, observation and reflection in each cycle. This study consists of two cycles. The research location is at SD Negeri 102005 Durian Tinggung. For grade V students with the material King David the Wise As. The time of the study was carried out in September 2024. The data collection technique used a learning outcome test and an affective observation rubric. The data analysis technique used a quantitative descriptive technique. From the results of the study, there was an increase in cognitive learning outcomes by 35% in the Proficient criteria and 45% in the Proficient criteria and 20% in the Eligible criteria. Affective Learning Outcomes using the PBL learning model have been proven to improve the affective learning outcomes of students at SD Negeri 102005 Durian Tinggung on the material King David the Wise. The results of the improvement can be seen from the number of students in cycle I, 100% of whom entered the Proficient criteria and in cycle II there was a significant change, namely 100% entered the Proficient criteria.

Meningkatkan Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Secara Mandiri menggunakan Metode Interaktif dengan Problem Based Learning pada Materi Aku Pribadi yang Unik di Fase E Kelas X di SMK NEGERI 4 TEBING Tinggi Kec.Padang Hilir

This study aims to determine the increase in motivation and cognitive and affective learning outcomes in the independence dimension through the PBL model in students at SMK NEGERI 4 TEBING TINGGI The study is based on a research problem, namely the lack of enthusiasm and motivation of students in learning due to inadequate methods, systems and learning resources, so I took the initiative to use the PBL method so that students are able to collaborate to unite interests and participate in group discussions independently or together. (insert some problems). This type of research is classroom action research with research steps, namely planning, implementation, observation and reflection in each cycle. This study consists of two cycles. The research location at SMK NEGERI 4 TEBING TINGGI for class X students with the material I AM A UNIQUE PERSON The research time was carried out in September 2024. The data collection technique used a learning outcome test and an affective observation rubric for the independence dimension The data analysis technique used a quantitative descriptive technique. The results of the first cycle of research were that 3 students had only 25% success or only 1 person completed and 2 people had not completed 75% ). The results of the cycle II study are that at this cycle meeting there was a significant and very interesting increase because students were able to explore their potential in terms of examining information by watching learning videos and concluding well and structured with good sentences and language. 75% were very good and 25% were good. So this process can be said to be successful in obtaining learning outcomes and motivation if averaged out, it has been towards proficient at the end of cycle 2. In achieving the targeted motivation and learning outcomes of students, they have been able to reach the maximum threshold so that at the cycle 1 meeting it was clear that there were so many changes in students' interests and desires to get lessons that were also quite good, by holding group discussions, students were also able to provide responses independently to demonstrate the results of group discussions, increasing motivation and learning outcomes reaching 93.3%. From the results that exist that the PBL method has a very large influence on the motivation and learning outcomes of students both in terms of group discussions and independently. In the future, the school will implement learning with PBL comprehensively so that the teaching and learning process is more effective and efficient and has its own impression for teachers, especially for students at SMK NEGERI 4 TEBING TINGGI.

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Agama Katolik (PAK) Dengan Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) Berbantu Media Powerpoint Pada Materi Saya Tumbuh dan Berkembang Bagi Siswa Fase B Kelas III SD

Study aims to examine the enhancement of student motivation and affective aspects related to collaboration and critical thinking through the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model at UPT SPF SDN 101864 GUNUNG RINTIH. The research is grounded in issues such as low motivation, limited student engagement due to large class sizes, and the need to improve social skills within the context of Catholic Religious Education (PAK) and Character Education. This research employs a classroom action research design, involving the steps of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection in each cycle. The study consists of two cycles conducted with third-grade students at UPT SPF SDN 101864 GUNUNG RINTIH focusing on PAK content. The research is carried out in September 2024. Data collection techniques include observation and rubrics for assessing student motivation and affective dimensions of collaboration and critical thinking. Data analysis utilizes descriptive qualitative techniques. Results from the first cycle indicates an improvement in student motivation and engagement, though the targets were not fully met. In the second cycle, there was a significant increase in both student motivation and affective dimensions. The research demonstrated a 35% increase in student motivation and engagement in PAK learning, suggesting that the PBL approach fosters a more active and collaborative learning environment. This study is expected to contribute to providing holistic and meaningful education for students, aligning with the objectives of the Merdeka Curriculum and the values outlined in the Pancasila Student Profile.

Determinant state earnings qualities better than Private Pharmaceutical Companies

Purpose: Comparative Earning Quality of State and privately pharmaceutical companies listed on Indonesian Stock Exchange (BEI) between 2019-2023 period with liquidity, profitability, solvency and efficiency ratio. Methodology/approach: After collecting the necessary data, appropriate financial ratios and descriptive statistical techniques are used to analyze, interpret and provide a brief overview of the data collected. the comparison involves two state-owned and two privately-owned pharmaceutical discretionary accruals and earnings persistence for earnings quality, and net profit margin, current ratio, debt-to-equity ratio, and total asset turnover for financial performance measurements. Findings: net profit margin, current ratio, debt to equity ratio, dan total asset turnover have significant differences in the variables private are superior to those of state pharmaceutical companies. This recommends the importance of improving earnings quality of State pharmaceutical companies Practical implications: these companies should refrain from earnings manipulation to foster strong and high-quality financial performance, particularly within Indonesia's pharmaceutical sector. Originality/value: This comparison aims to contribute to financial management research by providing insights into the performance of different types of pharmaceutical companies based on earnings quality and financial statement ratios, thus offering academic contributions to the field.

Exploring the moderating effect of organisational climate on organisational justice and employees’ commitment in selected Nigerian banking sectors

Organisations are currently facing challenges due to internationalization and fundamental shifts in industries worldwide. The Nigerian banking sector is experiencing exceptional difficulties and competitive forces such as the issue of managerial decisions, perceptions of inequality, unfair treatment and a poor connection between individuals and their work environment. As a result, this study aims to acquire improved knowledge of how organisational justice and climate variables influence employee engagement in this industry. This investigation took a descriptive research technique. There were 361 questionnaires issued but only 332 were returned. 91.97% of the questionnaires examined were returned which is considered satisfactory for this study. Descriptive statistics were analysed using Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences (SPSS) while inferential statistics were used to evaluate the generated hypothesis using SEM-PLS. The findings showed that organisational climate does not moderate the relationship between organisational justice and employees' commitment but organisational justice has a direct relationship with employees' commitment. It can be concluded that organisational climate does not moderate the relationship between organisational justice and employees' commitment. Organisational stakeholders should make informed choices and implement successful strategies to improve employee well-being and organisational outcomes by understanding the relationship between organisational justice and employees' commitment.

Meningkatkan Kemampuan Bernalar Kristis Melalui PBL Berbantuan Audio Visual pada Peserta Didik Kelas VIII SMP Santo Yusup Bandung

This research project aims to ascertain the efficacy of the PBL model in enhancing critical reasoning abilities among students at SMP Santo Yusup Bandung. The research is based on the identification of issues pertaining to student engagement, particularly the tendency of students to exhibit minimal attention and participation during classroom discussions. Another issue pertains to cognitive processes, whereby students are prone to being unduly influenced by information that they initially encounter, without engaging in critical reasoning to seek further evidence. Furthermore, learners are inadequately trained in the analysis of information. This research employs a classroom action research design, comprising four phases: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The research was conducted in two cycles at Santo Yusup Junior High School in Bandung. The participants were students in class VIIIA, and the material covered was Jesus Proclaimed the Kingdom of God Through Parables and Miracles. The research was conducted in September 2024. The data collection techniques employed included observation, field notes, and the documentation of students' abilities to reason critically. The data analysis employed descriptive qualitative techniques. The findings of the initial cycle of research indicated an enhancement in the capacity to reason critically and a heightened level of student engagement. However, these outcomes did not yet align with the anticipated objectives. In Cycle II, there was a notable enhancement in both critical reasoning and affective learning. The research results demonstrate a 40.12% increase in critical reasoning and learner involvement in Catholic Religious Education. It is hoped that the PBL approach will foster a more active and collaborative learning atmosphere, in alignment with the objectives of the Merdeka Curriculum and the values espoused in the Pancasila Learner Profile. It is anticipated that this research will contribute to the provision of holistic and meaningful education for learners.

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Pakat dengan Model PBL pada Materi Sepuluh Perintah Allah Kelas IV SD Santa Veronika Pekanbaru

This study aims to examine the improvement of cognitive and affective learning outcomes in the creative dimension through the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model among students at Santa Veronika Elementary School in Pekanbaru. The research is based on the issue of students' diverse religious backgrounds, which makes it difficult for them to understand the context and relevance of the Ten Commandments in everyday life. Additionally, the monotonous teaching methods contribute to low interest and poor learning outcomes. There is also a need to enhance students' social skills and piety towards God within the context of Catholic Religious Education (PAK) and character development. This research is a classroom action research consisting of four steps: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection in each cycle. The study was conducted over two cycles at Santa Veronika Elementary School in Pekanbaru, with fourth-grade students learning about the Ten Commandments as a guide for life. The study took place in September 2024. Data collection techniques included learning outcome tests and affective observation rubrics that assess the dimensions of faith, piety towards God, noble character, and teamwork. The data analysis was conducted using quantitative descriptive techniques. The results of the first cycle showed an improvement in students' learning outcomes and involvement, but the target was not fully achieved. In the second cycle, there was a significant increase in both learning outcomes and students' affective engagement. The study demonstrated a 30% increase in learning outcomes and student participation in PAK lessons. This research is expected to provide solutions to the low learning outcomes in Catholic Religious Education, particularly in the subject of the Ten Commandments for fourth-grade students at Santa Veronika Elementary School in Pekanbaru.

Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Pakat Melalui Model PBL pada Peserta Didik SD Santa Ursula BSD

This study aims to determine the improvement of learning motivation and affective outcomes in the dimensions of teamwork and critical thinking through the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model among students at Santa Ursula BSD Elementary School. The research is based on the issues of low learning motivation, lack of student engagement in learning, and the need to enhance social skills within the context of Catholic Religious Education and Character Education. This study employs classroom action research, with steps including planning, implementation, observation, and reflection in each cycle. The research consists of two cycles conducted with third-grade students in Phase B at Santa Ursula BSD Elementary School, focusing on the subject "The Origins of Moses and His Works for His People" in Catholic Religious Education and Character Education. The research was carried out in September 2024.Data collection techniques included observation and learning motivation rubrics, as well as affective rubrics for the dimensions of teamwork and critical thinking. The data analysis used qualitative descriptive techniques. The results of the first cycle showed an increase in learning motivation and student engagement, although the expected target was not yet achieved. In the second cycle, there was a significant improvement in both learning motivation and students' affective outcomes. The research demonstrated a 36% increase in motivation and student engagement in learning Catholic Religious Education. It is hoped that the PBL approach will create a more active and collaborative learning environment, in line with the objectives of the Merdeka Curriculum and the values in the Pancasila Student Profile.

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Pak dengan Model PBL Materi Aku Pribadi yang Unik Fase B Kelas IV SD RK ST Maria Pakkat

This study aims to determine the improvement of cognitive and affective learning outcomes in the dimensions of faith and devotion to God Almighty and Mutual Cooperation through the PBL model in students at SD RK ST MARIA PAKKAT. This type of research is classroom action research with research steps, namely planning, implementation, observation and reflection in each cycle. This study consists of two cycles. The place of research at SD RK ST MARIA PAKKAT. in grade IV students with the material I AM A UNIQUE PERSON. The time of the study was carried out in September 2024. The data collection technique used the Learning Outcome test and affective observation rubric. The data analysis technique used quantitative descriptive techniques. From the results of the study, there was an increase in cognitive learning outcomes by 20% in the Proficient criteria and 5% in the Proficient criteria. Affective Learning Outcomes using the PBL learning model have been proven to improve the affective learning outcomes of students at SD RK ST MARIA PAKKAT on the material I AM A UNIQUE PERSON. The results of the improvement can be seen from the number of students in cycle I, 75% of whom entered the Proficient criteria and in cycle II there was a significant change, namely 92% entered the Proficient criteria.

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Agama Katolik Melalui Model PBL pada Siswa SD Negeri Jagalan Surakarta

This research aims to determine the increase in cognitive and affective learning outcomes in the dimensions of personal and creative morals through the PBL model for students at Jagalan State Elementary School, Surakarta. This type of research is classroom action research with research steps namely planning, implementation, observation and reflection in each cycle. This research consists of two cycles. The research location was at Jagalan Surakarta State Elementary School for class IV students with material on the Ten Commandments of God as a Guide to Life. The research was carried out in September 2024. Data collection techniques used learning outcomes tests and affective observation rubrics. The data analysis technique uses quantitative descriptive techniques. From the research results, there was an increase in cognitive learning outcomes of 27.5% in the Proficient criteria and 12.5% ​​in the Capable criteria. Affective learning outcomes using the PBL learning model have been proven to improve the affective learning outcomes of students at Jagalan Surakarta State Elementary School on the Ten Commandments of Allah as a Guide to Life. The results of the increase can be seen from the number of students in cycle I who were 100% in the Eligible criteria and in cycle II there was a significant change, namely 67.5% were in the proficient criteria and 37.5% were in the proficient criteria.

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Agama Katolik dan Budi Pekerti Materi Aku Pribadi yang Unik Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) Berbantuan Audio Visual untuk Kelas X SMAS Karya Sedar Biru-Biru 2024/2025

This research was conducted at SMAS Karya Sedar Biru-Biru in Class X with the subjects of this study were 10 students. Based on the analysis of data on the initial reflection which still showed that the learning outcomes of students were still lacking, the research was conducted by implementing the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model in learning Unique Personal Humans to improve student learning outcomes. 1) The formulation of the problem in this study is: How to improve the learning outcomes of Catholic Religious Education on the material "Unique Personal Humans" through the Problem Based Learning model for class X students of SMAS Karya Sedar Biru-Biru Academic Year 2024/2025 2) How much is the increase in student learning outcomes after implementing the Problem Based Learning model for class X students of SMAS Karya Sedar Biru-Biru Academic Year 2024/2025? The purpose of this study was to determine the Improvement in Learning Outcomes of Unique Personal Humans by implementing the Problem Based Learning model for class X students of SMAS Karya Sedar Biru-Biru. Data collection techniques were observation and testing. The data analysis technique used was qualitative descriptive technique. According to the results of the research that has been conducted, the following conclusions were obtained: Learning activities using the Problem Based Learning model can improve student learning outcomes on the Unique Human Personality material from cycle I by 71% to 90% in cycle II. The increase that occurred from cycle I to cycle II was 19%

Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Peserta Didik Pak dan BP Dengan Model PBL Pada Kelas VII SMP Budi Dharma Banda Aceh

This research is motivated by the lack of critical thinking skills of students during learning activities. This research was conducted using the Problem Based Learning model. The aim of this study is to improve the critical thinking skills of students with the Problem Based Learning model. The research method used is Classroom Action Research, the research process was conducted in two cycles. The subjects of the study were students of class X TAV SMK St. Louis Surabaya, with a total of 17 students. Data collection techniques in this study use observation and documentation. Data analysis techniques use comparative descriptive techniques by comparing data in cycle I and cycle II data. In conclusion, the application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) Learning Model in the learning process has been proven to improve students' critical thinking competencies and learning achievements. Based on the results of observations in learning activities in cycle 1 and cycle 2, students' critical thinking skills have increased in number of students who have reached the category developing as expected and highly developed as many as 3 people where in cycle 1 there were 14 people and in cycle 2 became 17 people. The results of the formative test conducted also showed an increase in the average class score of 16.47 where in the formative test in cycle 1 the average class score was 63.53 and in cycle 2 the average class score became 80.

Menemukan Kunci Kinerja: Pengaruh Kemampuan dan Usaha dengan Mediasi Dukungan Manajemen

This research aims to understand the influence of ability and work effort on employee performance which is mediated by management support. This type of research applies quantitative descriptive and data collection techniques from questionnaires. The sample was 60 employees of UD. Gemah Ripah, Pacitan Regency. Sampling was carried out using purposive sampling. The data analysis methods used include validity tests, reliability tests, and classic assumption tests, which consist of normality tests, multicollinearity tests, and heteroscedasticity tests. To test the hypothesis, use the Path Analysis and R2 tests using the SPSS Version 25 computer program. Based on the research results, it show that (1) Ability and Work Effort have a positive impact on Employee Performance at UD. Gemah Ripah Pacitan Regency. (2) Ability has a positive impact on management support but work effort does not have a positive impact on management support at UD. Gemah Ripah, Pacitan Regency. (3) Management Support does not have a positive impact on employee performance at UD. Gemah Ripah, Pacitan Regency. (4) Ability has a positive impact on performance but work effort does not have a positive impact on performance which is mediated by management support at UD. Gemah Ripah, Pacitan Regency.

Efektivitas Pelayanan Publik Feeder Wira-Wiri Kota Surabaya

The city of Surabaya is the capital of East Java province which is known as the city of heroes and is the second largest metropolitan city with a dense population after the city of Jakarta. According to data from the official website of the East Java Central Statistics Agency in 2023, the city of Surabaya has a population of approximately 2,893,698 people, with a large population this will result in an increase in the number of private vehicles which will affect comfort in urban areas. In connection with this, the Surabaya city government has provided a program that aims to overcome problems in the transportation sector, namely the provision of public transportation called Feeder Wira-Wiri by bringing the concept of orderly, safe and comfortable driving or transportation behavior. The aim of this research is to measure the effectiveness of the Wira-Wiri Feeder Public Transport Service in the City of Surabaya. This research uses a quantitative approach using simple descriptive analysis techniques. The data collection technique in this research uses a questionnaire technique. The population of this research is people who use wira-wiri feeder services with a sample of 100 respondents. This research produced interesting findings, including: 1) The results of respondents' responses to the twelve effectiveness measurement indicators showed that all indicators still had values ​​that indicated they were quite effective. However, of the twelve effectiveness measurement indicators, the value indicating quite high effectiveness is found in the flexibility of adaptation indicator with a percentage of 23% and in the productivity indicator with a percentage of 16%. 2) The overall results of the respondents' responses showed that the Surabaya City wira-wiri feeder public transport service was said to be effective with a percentage of 53%.

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar dan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Katolik Melalui Model PBL Pada Siswa Kelas II Fase A dalam Materi Bahtera Nuh di SD Xaverius 2 Jambi

This research aims to determine the increase in cognitive and affective learning outcomes in the dimensions of critical thinking through the PBL model for students at SD Xaverius 2 Jambi. The research is based on the research problem, namely the low level of student learning outcomes in Catholic Religious Education lessons. This type of research is classroom action research with research steps namely planning, implementation, observation and reflection in each cycle. This research consists of two cycles. The research location was at SD Xaverius 2 Jambi for class IIC students with Noah's Ark material. The research was carried out in September 2024. Data collection techniques used learning outcomes tests and affective observation rubrics for critical thinking dimensions. The data analysis technique uses quantitative descriptive techniques. The results of the first cycle of research showed that there were 25 students (74%) who got scores above the KKTP (70%), while there were 9 students (26%) who got scores below the KKTP. The results of the second cycle of research were that students had achieved 100% KKM. This means that if the PBL learning model is implemented well and consistently it will improve student learning outcomes.