Breastfeeding Techniques Research Articles

PEMBENTUKAN KADER LAKTASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN MENYUSUI PADA IBU NIFAS

Health cadres are at the forefront of community empowerment-based health sector development. The role of health practitioners in health development is very important. To increase the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding, it is necessary to form cadres to support breastfeeding to support the development of family nutrition, especially exclusive breastfeeding. The purpose of this community service activity was to form Lactation Cadres through cadre training to improve the skills of breastfeeding mothers. The results of the pretest and posttest to determine the knowledge of cadres before and after lactation cadre training showed that there was an increase in knowledge of 20 points, meaning that all cadres had good knowledge. The average skill of the cadres during the practicum, namely the proper breastfeeding technique was 81,5, milking and storing breast milk was 82,5, oxytocin massage was 80 and lactation massage was 83,3. The average skill of cadres during mentoring, oxytocin massage was 90,8 and lactation massage was 92,3. The average breastfeeding skill of postpartum mothers who have been educated by lactation cadres, proper breastfeeding techniques was 91,6 and milking as well as storing breast milk was 88,9. This shows breastfeeding skills in the very good category. The Lactation Cadre of Kampung Delima Village, Rejang Lebong Regency, Bengkulu Province has been formed and has good knowledge and skills so that it can improve the skills of breastfeeding mothers. Lactation Cadres were appointed through a Decree of the Village Head of Kampung Delima which also contains a description of the main duties of the Lactation Cadres.

PROMOSI KESEHATAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENGETAHUAN DAN KETRAMPILAN IBU MENYUSUI

Background : Mother's Milk (ASI) is the most beautiful gift from the mother to those secreted by both breast glands in the form of natural food or the best nutritious and high-energy milk which is easily digested and contains a balanced and perfect nutritional composition for the growth and development of the baby which is available at any time. The causes of failure of exclusive breastfeeding are the lack of knowledge of mothers about breastfeeding and breastfeeding, working mothers, no support from the family, improper breastfeeding techniques and the myth that diluted milk is not good for babies.
 Method : This activity was attended by cadres and mothers who had babies and toddlers as many as 32 people in the Working Area of ​​the Galang Health Center, Galang District. This activity was carried out using health promotion methods with counseling and practicing how to breastfeed properly.
 
 Result: The result that can be taken from this activity is to improve the quality of life of the baby when the knowledge of the mother regarding the correct way of breastfeeding can reduce infant morbidity and mortality. Breast milk can guarantee good nutritional status so that it can protect infants and children from infectious diseases such as diarrhea, otitis media and acute lower respiratory tract infections.

The Relantionship Of Knowledge Of Public Mothers About Brestfeeding Techniques With The Event Of Blocked Nipples

Background: The puerperium (puerperium) is the period that begins after the placenta comes out and ends when the uterine organs return to their original state (before pregnancy) which lasts for about 6 weeks (Sulistyawati, 2017). Six weeks during the puerperium, a woman's body will experience changes, namely adaptation from the period of pregnancy and childbirth, until it gradually returns to its pre-pregnancy state (Bahiyatun, 2016). During the postpartum period, there is an activity that can bring its own happiness to the mother, namely breastfeeding where the mother feels that she has become a mother so that she can breastfeed her baby with her own breast milk which creates a sense of happiness for the mother herself.Methods: The design of this study used an analytical research design with a cross sectional approach in PMB Nurul Husna, Am.Keb, Sunggal District, Deli Serdang Regency, there are 47 postpartum mothers. The type of sampling used in this study is total sampling where the entire population is the sample in the study as many as 47 postpartum mothers. Results The results of the Chi-Square test are known to be Asymp (2-sided) 0.003 < 0.005, so based on the basis of the decision above, it can be seen that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. Then it can be seen that "There is a relationship between knowledge of postpartum mothers about breastfeeding techniques with the incidence of cracked nipples at the Trismalia Laut Dendang Primary Clinic in 2022.

Low Latch Score: A Red Flag Sign and an Educational Tool for Intervention Among Mothers to Promote Exclusive Breastfeeding

Introduction LATCH score is used by the health-care professionals (HCPs) to identify mothers who require assistance in breastfeeding. We conducted this study to assess if the low LATCH score can be an indicator to alert the HCPs for intervention to achieve exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) till 6 weeks and also used as an educational tool for mothers to understand and rectify their technique of breastfeeding. Methods In this prospective cohort study, LATCH score was assessed after delivery within 24 h, at 48 h, and at discharge. After first assessment, mothers were informed and counselled about LATCH scoring tool and their confidence was assessed using Likert scale at each time point. Follow-up was done at 6 weeks either by person at the time of immunization or through telephone to know the status of EBF and weight of the infant. Results A total of 251 mothers and neonates were enrolled. Prevalence of EBF was found to be 76% at 6 weeks. Overall, the median LATCH Score at 24 h was found to be 6 (2,10) and at 48 h was 7 (3,10) whereas the median LATCH score at 48 h for those delivered vaginally was 7 (4,10) and those delivered by LSCS was 6.5 (3,9) ( P < .0001). LATCH score of ≥6 at 48 h had sensitivity and specificity of 80% (confidence interval [CI] 68%, 89%) and 69% (CI 62%, 76%) respectively with area under the curve 0.81 (CI 0.74, 0.87) to predict EBF at 6 weeks. We found statistically significant change in mother’s confidence level compared from 24 h to 48 h with better LATCH score and EBF by 6 weeks after informing them about LATCH score. Conclusion A LATCH score of <6 at 48 h can be a significant indicator (Red Flag sign) to intervene and promote exclusive breastfeeding. LATCH scoring itself may be used as educational tool to improve the technique of breastfeeding and thus promote EBF.

Midwives’ Perspectives regarding Involvement of Male Partners during Pregnancy at a Maternal Health Facility in Eswatini

Globally, maternal and child health services have made efforts to involve men for several decades. There has been noted progress among some European countries, which is contrary to some observations among African states. Midwives’ attitudes have an impact on men accompanying pregnant women for antenatal care services. This study aimed to investigate midwives’ perspectives regarding male partners’ involvement during pregnancy at a maternal health facility in Eswatini (previously Swaziland). A qualitative, explorative, descriptive design was used to achieve the study objectives. Eight midwives were purposively sampled to conduct face-to-face in-depth interviews using an interview guide. Research instruments such as a semi-structured interview guide and audiotapes were used to maintain consistency and minimise memory bias. Data were analysed using qualitative thematic analysis. Findings include midwives’ feelings; health system challenges such as a shortage of staff and space and a lack of guiding policies; male partner-related challenges such as time constraints and competing responsibilities, social stigma and cultural taboo from communities, and co-habiting behaviour. Benefits for men accompanying their pregnant women included instant informed consent and initiation of medications, health education opportunities, partner involvement in breastfeeding techniques and family planning, and building a positive family relationship. Conclusions are that, despite the interest among males to be available to provide support for women in the process of pregnancy, midwives are not yet ready. It is, therefore, recommended that midwives’ education and policy development be considered for positive male involvement.

Hubungan Antara Pendidikan Kesehatan Teknik Menyusui Dengan Praktik Menyusui Ibu Nifas Di Desa Tanggeran Kecamatan Tonjong Kabupaten Brebes 2022

Nursing mothers usually fail to breastfeed or stop breastfeeding early because they do not know breastfeeding techniques. This can cause interference in the breastfeeding process. To achieve successful breastfeeding requires knowledge of correct breastfeeding techniques by providing information in the form of breastfeeding techniques through health education. The aim of the research is to determine the relationship between health education on how to breastfeed and the breastfeeding practices of postpartum mothers in Tanggeran Village, Tonjong District, Brebes Regency in 2022.
 This type of research uses descriptive methods with a cross-sectional approach with a total of 25 postpartum mothers in Tanggeran Village, Tonjong District, Brebes Regency in 2022.
 Results: research using the chi Square statistical test, obtained a p-value = 0.003, which means it is smaller than the value α = 0.05. (OR 16.5; 95%; CI 2.246-121.228).
 there is a relationship between health education on how to breastfeed and the breastfeeding practices of postpartum mothers in Tanggeran Village, Tonjong District, Brebes Regency in 2022.

Relationship of Breastfeeding Techniques with Improvement Baby Weight

Background: The development of baby weight is one way to see the growth of weight in babies, which is seen from breast milk and the way mothers provide breastfeeding techniques to their babies. Because breastfeeding can increase nutritional intake and provide an abundance of love that is useful for baby development. As for the correct breastfeeding technique is a way of giving breast milk to the baby with the attachment and position of the mother. [1] Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between breastfeeding techniques and increased baby weight. Method: The type of research used is the Analytical method with a Cross Sectional Study Approach, where the research object is only observed once and measurements are made on the status of the character or variable of the object at the time of examination by approaching and collecting data at the same time. This study uses a purposive sampling technique with a total of 30 respondents. The samples in this study were some breastfeeding mothers who had babies aged 7-10 weeks. Results: Based on statistical tests using chi square, obtained p-value of 0.001 which is smaller than = 0.05, so Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means that there is a relationship between breastfeeding technique and increased baby weight. Keywords: Breastfeeding Techniques, Baby Weight Gain

Oxytocin Massage and Breastfeeding on Demand in the Uterine Involution Process

Introduction: Involution begins as soon as the placenta is delivered. During uterine involution, the uterus will return to its pre-pregnancy state and (estimated) size. Aim: The aim of this case study is to carry out comprehensive midwifery care to support maternity women the normal process of uterine involution includes IMD, oxytocin massage, and on demand breastfeeding. Method: This research method is a case report of midwifery care. The subjects in this study were mothers who gave birth at the Independent Midwife Practice as many as 3 people. Results: Correct breastfeeding techniques on demand because on-demand breastfeeding helps produce contractions by releasing the hormone oxytocin Conclusion: Uterine involution progressed well until the 7th day postpartum, this was supported by a good process starting from the IMD process after the baby was born, followed by early mobilization, direct breastfeeding, and oxytocin massage.

Penyuluhan Program SBM (Save Breast Milk) Untuk Meningkatkan Kesadaran Asi Eksklusif Pada Ibu Nifas

Breast milk (ASI) is an ideal source of nutrition and the safest food for babies for 0-6 months of life. Exclusive breastfeeding can fail due to several factors, including working mothers. The SBM (Save Breast Milk) program is aimed at working mothers who have explained the importance of exclusive breastfeeding for mothers and babies as well as an explanation of good and correct breastfeeding techniques for breastfeeding mothers so that when breastfeeding, mothers and babies can feel comfortable. The aim is to increase mothers' knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding and how to store breast milk. The method is providing education through counseling for one day using a leaflet and other devices. Participants totaled 18 breastfeeding mothers. This activity was carried out in Loru Village. Based on the results of the health education provided, there is an increase in knowledge about the importance of exclusive breastfeeding and how to save breast milk for working mothers to meet their babies' nutritional needs. Working mothers are motivated to breastfeed even though they are busy working, thanks to this SBM program. The conclusion is that there is an increase in the knowledge and attitudes of breastfeeding mothers who work after being given health education about the importance of breast milk for babies and how to store breast milk to meet the nutritional needs of infants.

MANAJEMEN ASUHAN KEBIDANAN BERKELANJUTAN POST NATAL PADA NY”W” DENGAN BENDUNGAN ASI HARI KETIGA SAMPAI 31 HARI MASA NIFAS DI PUSKESMAS BARA BARAYA

Introduction Breast milk dam is the accumulation of milk in the breast due to narrowing of the lactiferous ducts or glands that are not completely emptied during babies’ breastfeeding. It could also occur because of the abnormalities in the nipples of mothers. Breast milk dams usually be found on the third to fifth day after a delivery. The major purpose of this scientific paper was to investigate and implement a sustainable midwifery care management for Mrs "W" with the case of postnatal breastfeeding dam from the third day to the end of the postpartum period at the Bara Baraya Health Center. Method The study was conducted by using the 7-stages of Helen Varney’s midwifery care management approach. Result The findings of this study indicated that there were no obstacles found during the midwifery care on the patient. The diagnosis of a breast milk dam was evaluated by using the subjective data and indicators such as the the feeling of painful and hot. The objective data was also used by looking at the physical problems such as swollen breasts, the hardenign of the nipples, and the increase of the mother’s body temperature. The treatment was provided by administering the anti-pain medication of 500 mg paracetamol to be consumed 3 times a day. Moreover, the mother was also educated on how to do the proper techniques of breastfeeding and breast care. Conclusion This study concluded that this study was done by implementing the 7-stages of Varney management approach and SOAP documentation procedure. During the process of treatment, the condition of the patient was generally good and normal without any complications both on the mother and the baby. The condition of the patient was also evident to become better every day.

Nasolabial and distal limbs dry gangrene in newborn due to hypernatremic dehydration with disseminated intravascular coagulation: a case report

IntroductionGangrene is the death of an organ or tissue due to lack of blood supply or bacterial infection. In neonates, gangrene is usually caused by sepsis, dehydration, maternal diabetes, asphyxia, or congenital anticoagulant deficiency. It commonly occurs in the extremities. Gangrene may lead to death or amputation of the limb. Early diagnosis and prompt management of the underlying cause halts the progression of the disease.Case presentationA 12-day-old neonate presented with a complaint of black discoloration of the nose and feet for 2 days. He was breastfeeding poorly and had signs of dehydration. Upon physical examination, he was tachycardic (pulse rate = 182 beats per minute), tachypneic (respiratory rate = 62 breaths per minute), and hypothermic (temperature = 35.0 oC). He lost 33.3% of his birth weight. He had demarcated cold, dry, and dark discoloration of the entire nose, nasal septum; upper lip; palate; bilateral distal lower limbs; and the left fifth finger. Dorsalis pedis arteries were not palpable on either side. On investigation, the baby had pancytopenia, hypernatremia, elevated creatinine, elevated coagulation profiles, and absent arterial flow in bilateral dorsal pedis arteries. He was treated for hypernatremic dehydration and possible sepsis. He was transfused with whole blood, platelets, and fresh frozen plasma, but finally, the patient passed away on the 7th day of admission.ConclusionThe entire nose, upper lip, soft and hard palate, symmetric lower limb, and fifth finger gangrene due to severe hypernatremic dehydration complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation may occur in the same patient. To avoid such serious neonatal problems, mothers should be properly educated about optimal breastfeeding techniques and schedule well-child visits 3–5 days after birth.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF DENGAN KEJADIAN ISPA PADA BALITA USIA 7-24 BULAN DI POSKESDES LEMPER WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PADEWAWU

Infancy and toddler years are the best period to receive nutritional intake. The better the nutritional intake, the better the physical development and immunity. At the age of the two yeard old baby, the infection rate is high because the antibodies formed have not been maximized. Infections that often attack toddlers at that age include diarrhea, fever and upper respiratory tract infection. Data obtained from Lemper Village shows that the diseases that attack children under five in January 2021 are 50% upper respiratory tract infection, 33% diarrhea and 16% fever. These data indicate that upper respiratory tract infectionis a disease with the highest percentage that attacks toddlers. From the results of the preliminary study, it was found that 10 mothers with upper respiratory tract infection under five, 5 children were not given exclusive breastfeeding, 3 people had low body weight, and 2 people lived in a smoking family environment. Based on the research objectives, the research design used was an analytical survey with a cross sectional research design. Based on the results of the study showed that almost entirely (80.0%) of mothers who gave exclusive breastfeeding did not experience upper respiratory tract infection as many as 16 mothers, while infants who were not exclusively breastfed (81.9%) had ARI as many as 36 toddlers. The results of the statistical test show that the calculated X2 value = 22.42 is greater than the table X2 value = 3.841. It can be concluded that Ho is rejected while H1 is accepted, meaning that there is a relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of upper respiratory tract infection in children aged 7–24 years in Lemper Village. The importance of the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding for infants can reduce the number of infections in infants, thus enabling mothers to improve their lifestyle. Because exclusive breastfeeding contains a lot of antibodies, so that babies who are breastfed have antibodies that increase so that it will reduce the incidence of upper respiratory tract infection. The conclusion in this study is that there is a relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of upper respiratory tract infection in toddlers aged 7-24 months at the Lemper Village Health Care. Mothers of toddlers are advised to be more active in participating in any counseling on breastfeeding techniques to prevent the occurrence of upper respiratory tract infection in infants.
 Keywords: Exclusive breastfeeding, upper respiratory tract infection, baby

Barriers and facilitators to exclusive breastfeeding in rural Pakistan: a qualitative exploratory study

BackgroundExclusive breastfeeding (EBF) of children until six months of age is considered one of the most critical interventions in tackling childhood undernutrition. EBF rates are suboptimal in Pakistan, particularly in rural areas where child undernutrition is most prevalent. This study aimed to explore barriers to EBF in a rural context of Pakistan.MethodsThe study was conducted in the rural district Matiari of Sindh, Pakistan, during Jan-March 2020. We used a qualitative exploratory study design and conducted 36 focus group discussions (FGDs). Participants were purposively selected mothers who had not practiced EBF during their previous childbirth, their spouses and mothers-in-law, and lady health workers (LHWs) serving in the study catchment. FGDs were audio-recorded, transcribed, and translated into English from the local language and analysed using thematic content analysis.ResultsBarriers to EBF included low awareness and cultural practices of prelacteal feeds, insufficient breast milk production, undernutrition of mothers, mothers’ occupation as fieldworkers, less birth spacing, low awareness about the correct technique of breastfeeding, maternal and child ailments, abnormal breasts, and influence of in-laws to start top-up feeds. Several facilitators were identified: family support, appropriate maternal diet, maternal awareness, and support in the neighborhood.ConclusionBarriers to EBF are multifaceted in rural areas, and interventions aiming to improve adherence to EBFshould be multipronged. Awareness-raising alone might not be sufficient, and other interventions should be designed to address the barriers of maternal malnutrition, insufficient milk production, and socio-cultural practices. In addition, safe alternatives to breast milk may be necessary if breastfeeding is truly not feasible. Lack of breast milk substitutes is particularly challenging for poor rural women who cannot afford infant formula milk.

Innovative online care: A cross-sectional survey study of potential benefits and challenges of online lactation consultation service with paediatrician consultation.

Telelactation, a virtual lactation support platform, is a convenient and effective way of providing virtual breastfeeding support services and communicating proper breastfeeding techniques to new mothers to address any breastfeeding challenges and boost overall maternal breastfeeding confidence all from the comfort of their homes. This Ontario Health Insurance Plan (OHIP) covered service benefits more mothers in the remote areas where in-person LC service is not easily accessible. The objective of this cross-sectional survey study is to explore the feasibility, potential benefits, and challenges, and level of patient satisfaction in virtual lactation consultation services along with virtual paediatrician consultation available in Ontario, Canada. Patient satisfaction was assessed using a structured online survey as a part of a cross-sectional observational study that asked questions relevant to several independent demographic variables as well as specific Likert type scale questions to gauge patient satisfaction with virtual lactation consultation. Data were analyzed from 177 survey responses (n=177), of which study revealed that 86.44% (153/177) were satisfied with the virtual lactation services they received. Patient satisfaction was found to be higher in the first-time mothers with high school or undergraduate education between the age group of 26 to 35 years living in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). In terms of connectivity, participants from the GTA had a better experience overall compared those living outside the GTA. OHIP covered telelactation with a paediatrician consultation is an innovative and feasible health care delivery platform for providing remote professional breastfeeding support to mothers of all socio-economic strata with great potential to further improve both patient experience and efficiency in patient care.

Barriers to breastfeeding are shaped by sociocultural context: an exploratory qualitative study in Bangladesh

BackgroundBreastfeeding practice is still not optimum in Bangladesh. Understanding barriers to breastfeeding is needed to prevent harmful practices. This study aimed to understand barriers to breastfeeding among infants and young children in Bangladesh.MethodsThis qualitative study was conducted in five rural sub-districts and one urban slum in Bangladesh. We conceptualized that barriers to breastfeeding can be broadly grouped into individual, society, and system level barriers. We conducted in-depth interviews with 33 breastfeeding mothers and 13 grandmothers of breastfed children (total n = 46 interviews). We observed 23 of these infants and young children being breastfed. These data were supplemented by 3 focus group discussions held with the children’s fathers. We managed the data using Atlas.ti software and analyzed the data thematically using an inductive approach.ResultsImportant individual-level barriers perceived to influence breastfeeding included misconceptions about the adverse effects of breastfeeding on maternal health, nutrition and physical appearance, and lack of awareness of the value of breastfeeding among family members. Perceived society-level barriers included sociocultural norms, beliefs, and practices such as mother obliged to give more attention on household chores than breastfeeding to become a good housewife and feeding formula milk perceived as a symbol of parents’ financial solvency in the society. System-level barriers included attractive advertisements of breastmilk substitutes, and inadequate facilities and support processes in mothers’ work environments.ConclusionA range of barriers at individual, society and system level have important implications for infant and young children’s breastfeeding practices in Bangladesh. Development of interventions that address the range of barriers that many mothers face is essential to support breastfeeding practices. Potential interventions include strengthening information-giving during interaction between mothers and health workers on breastfeeding techniques, and engaging fathers and other “significant others” in counseling on breastfeeding.

Effective breastfeeding technique and associated factors among lactating mothers in Gidan District, North-East, Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study

ObjectiveTo assess effective breastfeeding technique (EBT) and associated factors among lactating mothers in Gidan District, North-East Ethiopia.DesignA community-based cross-sectional study.SettingGidan District, North-East Ethiopia.ParticipantsA total of 786 lactating mothers were included...

Relação entre a educação pré-natal para o aleitamento materno e a técnica de amamentação

Abstract Objectives: compare the evaluation of breastfeeding technique between binomials who did or did not receive prenatal education orientation. Methods: original study based on the application of breastfeeding evaluation form on binomials in joint accommodation (JA) composing of twenty (20) Yes/No questions and the collection of bi categorized independent variables between August/2017-October/2018. Prenatal educational activities with nominal listing of those present and thus creation of the variable was: Prenatal Class Yes/No. Multivariate analysis by Logistic regression were performed with confdence interval at 95%. Results: 180 binomials were included, of which 13 (7%) were exposed to prenatal activities and 167 (93%) were not exposed. In the exposed group, there was a predominance of married and multiparous women (p<0.05), in addition to lower educational level and higher rate of maternal pathologies and low birth weight (p<0.05). Regarding the breastfeeding evaluation, of the 20 questions observed, the exposed group was superior in 12 of them. Among the 4 questions about the Newborn’s grip, the exposed group was superior in 3 (baby’s mouth wide open, lip lowered and chin touching the breast), and the unexposed group was superior in the areola visualization above the upper lip with p<0.05. The limitation found in the study was attributed to quantitative and qualitative heterogeneity between groups. Conclusions: prenatal education for breastfeeding did not alternate significantly the performance of binomials on the breastfeeding technique in this study.

Teknik Menyusui yang benar pada Ibu Nifas di Klinik Pratama Ar-Rabih Tahun 2021

Breastfeeding is an unrivaled way of providing ideal food for the healthy growth and development of babies. Often the breastfeeding process fails, especially in primigravida postpartum mothers. This can be due to the lack of knowledge of mothers about the correct breastfeeding technique. For that a mother needs someone who can guide her in terms of breastfeeding. This case report aims to provide midwifery care to postpartum mothers who still lack knowledge about correct breastfeeding techniques so that postpartum mothers do not experience problems breastfeeding their babies. The case study was carried out at the Ar-Rabih Primary Clinic and then continued with care at the patient's home. Midwifery care for Mrs. S is carried out starting from 07 May 2021 to 09 June 2021. The visit is carried out for 2 times. The method of documentation in the form of SOAP. This case study was conducted on primigravida postpartum women. From the results of this Final Project, it was obtained that the postpartum mother at the first visit still did not know the correct breastfeeding technique but after the author provided midwifery care regarding the correct breastfeeding technique, the postpartum mother finally understood and understood the correct breastfeeding technique. Likewise, on the second visit conducted by the author, it was found that the postpartum mother had no complaints about the correct breastfeeding technique and had been able to apply it when breastfeeding her baby. It is recommended to BPM or Midwifery Clinic to pay more attention to counseling about correct breastfeeding techniques, so that postpartum mothers can understand and practice it.
 
 Keywords : Breastfeeding Techniques, Postpartum mothers

THE RELATIONSHIP OF KNOWLEDGE OF POST PARTUM MOTHERS ON BREASTFEEDING TECHNIQUES WITH THE OCCUPATION OF BREAST MILK DAMS IN THE WORK AREA OF THE HEALTH CENTER, BUILDING AJI, TULANG BAWANG REGENCY

The local health office managed to collect data on postpartum women, including postpartum women, including 3000 physiological postpartum women, and postpartum women with problems, including 60 postpartum women who experienced uterine atony, 445 people. experienced breast milk dams, 4112 postpartum women experienced bleeding, 150 postpartum women experienced uterine involution, 100 postpartum women experienced dizziness, 25 postpartum women experienced an increase in body temperature and 266 postpartum women experienced mastitis. Based on the data from the Preliminary Study that I did at BPM Diana Ariyanti, I got data for the period May - August 2020, it was found that there were 19 postpartum mothers who experienced breast milk dams and for the period September - December 2020, 32 postpartum mothers received and who experienced breast milk dams. as many as 21 breastfed people. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between postpartum mother's knowledge about breastfeeding techniques and the occurrence of breast milk dams in the Working Area of the Aji Building Health Center, Tulang Bawang Regency in 2021.This type of research is quantitative. This type of research is descriptive correlation with the aim of knowing the relationship between one variable and another by using a cross sectional design. In this study, the number of samples to be taken were 32 respondents from postpartum mothers, total population technique. Analysis of univariate and bivariate data using chi square.good knowledge as many as 14 people (43.8%), and poor knowledge as many as 18 (56.2%). 15 respondents (46.9%) did not experience breast milk dam, and 17 respondents (53.1%) had breast milk dam. The results of the study obtained a p-value of 0.005 (0.05), which means that there is a relationship between postpartum mother's knowledge about breastfeeding techniques and the occurrence of breast milk dams in the Working Area of the Puskesmas Gedung Aji, Tulang Bawang Regency in 2021, with an Odds Ratio of 12.833 which means that the respondents' knowledge is not good. will be 13 times at risk of experiencing breast milk dam. It is hoped that the results of this study can be used as input for and improvement of programs related to the implementation of prevention of breast milk dams in their respective Puskesmas Working Areas. In addition, increasing exposure can also be done by presenting PPT or leaflets related to the handling and prevention of breast milk dams

THE EFFECT OF OKETANI MASSAGE ON BREASTFEEDING MOTHERS WITH BREAST MILK DAMS: A NARRATIVE REVIEW

At the beginning of labor, the pain experienced after childbirth often makes the mother lazy to breastfeed her baby. Factors that affect failure in the process such as swollen breasts, mastitis, nipples, breast milk have not come out, and improper breastfeeding techniques. In the postpartum period, if the baby has not suckled and the breast glands are not emptied ideally, there will be a dam of milk, heat and hard, pain when groaned, nipples can flatten so that it can take the baby to suckle. This study aimed to find out the effect of Oketani massage on nursing mothers with breast milk dam. This research design is a narrative review to find and review articles from databases and theories that are descriptive. Search articles using databased ScienceDirect by entering the keyword "Oketani message, breastfeeding, milk production" obtained nine reports based on the criteria that have been set. Literature review method by filtering on the Mendeley website based on inclusion criteria, then collected and made a summary of the journal including the name of the researcher, year of publication of the journal, research title, method, and overview of results or findings. An article search by entering keywords found 39 relevant articles; after filtering, nine articles were reviewed and met the inclusion criteria; it is reported that the Oketani message will make the breasts softer, make the areola and nipples more elastic, making it easier for the baby to suckle. Breast milk flow becomes smoother because of pressure on the alveoli. The Oketani massage technique has eight steps, seven of which are in the retro mammary and one on the right and left sides of the breast (the areola area containing the myoepithelium). An Oketani massage performed for 15-20 minutes has an effect on nursing mothers with breast milk dams.