Breastfeeding Techniques Research Articles

A IMPORTÂNCIA DO ALEITAMENTO MATERNO PARA ESTREITAR O VÍNCULO AFETIVO ENTRE MÃE E FILHO

Breastfeeding plays a crucial role in strengthening the bond between mother and child. In addition to providing vital nutrition in the first months and years of a child's life, breastfeeding also promotes a healthy, affectionate relationship. Exclusive practice in the first months is the best form of nutrition, intensifying the emotional bond and contributing to healthy development. Adequate guidance on breastfeeding techniques during the prenatal and postpartum period is essential to ensure the effectiveness of this process. Furthermore, breastfeeding offers benefits for both the baby and the mother, helping with postpartum recovery and protecting against diseases such as breast cancer. However, challenges persist in promoting breastfeeding, with rates below recommendations in some regions due to social and cultural factors. It is essential that health policies and professionals offer support and education to mothers, regardless of their ethnic origin or financial situation. Childcare consultations play a crucial role in monitoring a child's growth and promoting child health. Therefore, the active involvement of health professionals, public policies and society in general is necessary to create an environment favorable to breastfeeding. Breastfeeding is essential for promoting healthy relationships between mothers and children, contributing to the physical and emotional health of both.

Level of knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding in postpartum women attending the pediatric service of a public health center in the city of Fray Luis Beltrán

The present study assesses the level of knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in 40 postpartum mothers. EML, recommended by international organizations for up to six months, provides benefits for the child, such as protection against disease and cognitive development, and for the mother, by reducing the risk of certain cancers and postpartum depression. However, only 42.5% of the participants knew that EML should be maintained until six months, and knowledge about benefits for the mother and breastfeeding techniques was low. The survey showed that 43% had a fair level, 38% a poor level and 20% a good level of knowledge. These results indicate the need to strengthen EML education, especially in sectors with less access to information and medical resources.

Digital Tele-Counseling for Sustainable Maternal Health Services in Indonesia Focus on Telelactation

Breastfeeding is essential for infant health and development, yet Indonesia faces challenges in meeting global breastfeeding targets. This review examines the potential of tele-counseling (telelactation) as a solution to improve breastfeeding support in the digital era, focusing on overcoming geographical and service delivery barriers. A systematic literature search covering PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and local Indonesian journals identified 25 articles from 2019 to 2023, with 14 unique studies meeting inclusion criteria. Findings indicate that telelactation primarily utilizes WhatsApp groups, Androidbased apps, and online counseling sessions, resulting in improved breastfeeding techniques, increased exclusive breastfeeding rates, and enhanced maternal knowledge. However, privacy concerns and technological barriers persist, though these are addressed through specialized training and ongoing support for healthcare providers. Telecounseling demonstrates promise in supporting breastfeeding in Indonesia, though further research is needed to address geographical limitations and assess longterm impacts. Integrating telecounseling into national breastfeeding policies could significantly advance maternal and child health outcomes in Indonesia.

Nutrition of children up to one year of age what public health topic

Abstract Background Nutrition is one of the most important factors for a person that affects the quality and length of life. Nutrition has a fundamental influence on the maintenance of health or the development of disease and participates in the correct growth and development of an individual. Nutrition is especially important in the early stages of life, when a child’s organism develops dramatically. Mothers have the greatest influence on a child’s nutrition, and therefore it is advisable to educate them appropriately and also educate them early, from child birth or before. And early nutrition is provided through breastfeeding. Objectives To improve the knowledge of healthcare workers in the field of breastfeeding and nutrition of children up to one year of age. To strengthen the breastfeeding skills of mothers. To motivate healthcare workers to educate mothers in maternity wards and GP offices. Results Using a questionnaire, we analyzed the knowledge of 716 mothers of children under two years of age. 91 % of female respondents knew that the child should be breastfed according to his/her needs. Only 66 % of women were educated and informed about the importance and technique of breastfeeding. Educational material was prepared and distributed for midwives, nurses and doctors on breastfeeding and feeding children up to one year of age. Conclusions The level of awareness of health professionals about breastfeeding and nutrition is still insufficient. There is a need to continue to educate and support healthcare workers in this area and to motivate them in providing information to mothers. Key messages • Breastfeeding and feeding children up to one year of age are important for a child’s health. • The advisory activity of healthcare workers is key to improving public health. Health workers should help mothers not only with advice but also with practical help with breastfeeding.

Mothers’ breastfeeding techniques and its correlation to their infants’ nutritional status: a study in a rural area

Mothers’ breastfeeding techniques and its correlation to their infants’ nutritional status: a study in a rural area

The Relationship Between Mothers' Knowledge and Attitude in Breastfeeding and The Occurrence of Nipple Irritation in Pidie Regency

Research indicates that 40% of women do not breastfeed their infants due to experiencing breast pain and swelling, and fear of nipple soreness. This may be due to incorrect breastfeeding techniques, which are often overlooked by mothers who lack the proper breastfeeding management knowledge, thus requiring relevant training and education. Proper breastfeeding requires good attachment between the mother's areola and the baby's mouth so the baby can feed effectively and nipple irritation can be avoided. If not adhered to, nipple irritation may occur, causing mothers to be reluctant to breastfeed their infants, which may impact to the child's growth rate. Breast milk is an excellent source of nutrition for infants, as it contains essential nutrients needed for optimal growth and development (Prasetyono, 2012). Data from the Aceh District/City Breastfeeding Coverage in 2022 shows that the highest coverage was in Sabang City, with only 22.43% of the population (6,006 infants). This study used a cross-sectional design where 375 infants were breastfed, and the Slovin formula was applied. Samples were randomly selected from infants at health centers in Pidie District. Researchers used the Chi-square test for data analysis. The findings from this study, derived from bivariate statistical analysis using the Chi-square test with a 95% confidence level, resulted in a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05). This indicates that the knowledge variable significantly affects breastfeeding technique. The Chi-square test at a 95% confidence level with p=0.000 (p < 0.05) also shows that attitude has an impact on the mother's ability to breastfeed. The mother's knowledge and attitude significantly influence their breastfeeding practice. The best way to prevent nipple irritation is by educating mothers on proper breastfeeding techniques. Researchers state that improving maternal knowledge and attitudes can enhance behavior, especially in breastfeeding practices, to prevent irritation. Monitoring by health workers is expected to improve maternal knowledge and attitudes and minimize the incidence of nipple irritation.

Breastfeeding Practices in the Twin Town of India - A Cross-Sectional Study.

The global rise in twinning rates poses health challenges due to increased risks for infants and mothers. Despite the benefits, breastfeeding rates among multiples are low, with exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) particularly scarce compared to singletons. Our study focuses on the mothers of twins in a unique population in Kodinhi village, Kerala, India, known for its high twinning rates, which aims to contribute to existing knowledge of breastfeeding practices and perspectives in a high twinning environment and offer valuable insights to promote optimal breastfeeding among mothers of twins. A retrospective cross-sectional survey was adopted. Seventy-five mothers with twins under 3 years of age from Kodinhi and neighboring areas were interviewed face to face using structured validated tools. Data collection focused on quantitative data supplemented by narrative descriptions. Most women delivered preterm (57.3%), operative delivery (58.7%), and had a late initiation of breastfeeding (32.9% within 24 hours). Colostrum feed was common (86.7%). The EBF rate was 4%, with 47.9% initiating nonexclusive breastfeeding before 3 months, and most of the twins (46.6%) were breastfed for 1-2 years. Fatigue (69.9%) and low milk supply (38.7%) were chief concerns. While 16.4% of mothers opted for a tandem breastfeeding technique, many preferred consecutive feeding as tandem was challenging. Mothers in Kodinhi demonstrated commendable efforts in breastfeeding twins; despite the low rate of EBF, breastfeeding extended to 1-2 years. Evidence-based interventions and personalized support, primarily focusing on maternal perspectives of milk insufficiency, fatigue and breastfeeding techniques, are crucial for sustaining optimal breastfeeding practices among mothers of twins.

Assessment of Breastfeeding and Weaning Practices and Their Effects on Infant Growth in Western Maharashtra: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Breastfeeding provides nutrients and antibodies crucial for developing infants and their immune systems. Understanding the current breastfeeding and weaning practices helps identify areas requiring improvements to boost infant health outcomes. The World Health Organization and other health bodies recommend that babies be exclusively breastfed for the first six months of life. Then, complementary feeding should be introduced along with breastfeeding, which should be continued for up to two years or more. This study aims to analyze the perception and practices of breastfeeding and weaning among mothers with 9- to 12-month-old infants. This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at Krishna Hospital and Research Centre, Karad, for a period of six months. A validated questionnaire developed by investigators was used as the study tool.Mothers visiting the immunization clinics with their 9- to 12-month-old infants were enrolled in the study. Infants diagnosed as having inborn metabolic disorders, diabetes, heart diseases, and congenital malformations and those who were on special feeds or diets were not included in the study. The majority of the study participants (28 [33%]) initiated weaning when the infants were six to seven months of age, with the earliest being five months (8 [10%]). Five (6%) mothers could not initiate weaning until the infants were 12 months old. The most common weaning food was dal and rice with ghee (24 [29%]). A total of 50 (60%) participants used plastic bottles for feeding, and among them, 30 (36%) mothers used bottles to give water to their infants. A total of 23 (27%) participants did not feed their infants colostrum. The most common hunger cue was crying (82 [98%]), whereas the least common cue was mouth opening (8 [9%]). The incorrect practices followed by the mothers were late initiation of breastfeeding because of which colostrum could not be fed to the neonate; incorrect breastfeeding technique, that is, feeding little milk from each side of the breast without emptying one breast completely; late or no initiation of weaning foods; and offering less amount of weaning food than that required by the infant according to its nutritional demand. Initiating breastfeeding early and continuing breastfeeds along with complimentary feeds are essential for optimal infant growth.

Breastfeeding mothers' self-confidence: A mixed-method study

Objective: To establish the association of the mother's breastfeeding self-efficacy with infant feeding in the first six months of the child's life and identify the mothers’ perception of their confidence to breastfeed. Background: Breastfeeding is a multi-determined process. Many factors contribute to a mother’s ability to exclusively breastfeed until a child reaches six months of age. Among these factors is a mother’s confidence in her abilities to breastfeed her baby, referred to as breastfeeding self-efficacy. Thus, self-efficacy for breastfeeding could be an essential predictor of reducing the risk of early weaning. Study design and methods: This is a mixed-method sequential explanatory study. The short form of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale was used to determine the level of the mothers' confidence. 158 mothers were surveyed during their postpartum hospital stay, and 128 were included in a follow-up six months after delivery. Additionally, 22 participants were randomly selected for an in-depth interview (qualitative stage). Data were analysed using inferential statistics and thematic content analysis. Results: High levels of breastfeeding efficacy were identified during the hospitalisation and after discharge among all participants. Exclusive breastfeeding was practised among 45.31% of mothers six months after delivery. Return to work was a key factor contributing to early weaning. Family and health professional support during the breastfeeding process were associated as crucial for the duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Discussion: Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months after delivery involves various factors, such as the mother’s confidence in her breastfeeding skills and the specific circumstances she faces while breastfeeding. Thus, through the mixed qualitative and quantitative approaches, it was possible to identify the convergence of self-efficacy scores and the breastfeeding mothers' perception of their confidence and intention to maintain exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusion: High self-efficacy to breastfeed alone was not enough to maintain exclusive breastfeeding. It is necessary to combine self-efficacy and family or health service support and guidance to clarify the mother's doubts about potential difficulties that may appear throughout the breastfeeding process, the maintenance of lactation when she plans to return to work, and the breastfeeding technique. Implication for practice: Applying the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale associated with the breastfeeding mothers' interview during the prenatal and perinatal period facilitates early identification of mothers at risk for early weaning and helps nurses in planning interventions to support the breastfeeding mother and her child in favour of exclusive breastfeeding duration. What is already known about the topic? Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is recommended for the first six months of a child's life; however, many mothers do not follow this recommendation due to multiple barriers such as mental health issues (i.e., postpartum depression or anxiety), educational gaps, physical discomfort like sore nipples, engorgement, return to work, and lack of support. Breastfeeding self-efficacy has been associated with the duration of breastfeeding. What this paper adds Breastfeeding mothers' self-efficacy is essential for stimulating maintenance. Questions 3 (I always feed my baby without using powdered milk as a supplement) and 11 (I always breastfeed my baby on one breast and then switch to the other) of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (short form) predicted early weaning risk. Planning nursing care intervention for breastfeeding mothers in their follow-up after birth should include assessing their breastfeeding self-efficacy and factors that could contribute to early weaning, such as returning to work and the lack of a support network.

Description of the etiological factors behind acute moderate and severe malnutrition in children under 5 years hospitalized at two high-complexity referral centers: Case series.

Acute malnutrition in children <5 years of age has a direct relationship with medical complications and mortality. We aimed to describe the etiologic factors in children with moderate and severe non-illness-related acute malnutrition who required hospitalization for treatment of malnutrition in two high-complexity hospital centers in Bogotá, Colombia. This is a multicenter case series (December 2016 to December 2020) including patients aged 1-59 months with a weight/height indicator less than -2 SD. Electronic health records were reviewed, and demographic (sex, age, city of origin, and socioeconomic status) and clinical data (gestational age at birth, edema, and nutrition status) were collected. Descriptive analysis of information was performed. An exploratory bivariate analysis by diagnostic categories of moderate and severe acute malnutrition vs days of hospitalization was also performed. Forty-five patients were included, 62.2% of whom were male, with a median age of 14 months (Q1-Q3: 7-24). The main etiologic factors of malnutrition were related to problems with total food intake (33.3%), transition in consistency of feeding (31.1%), and breastfeeding technique (22.2%). Only 13.3% had problems related to food insecurity. There were no statistically significant differences between moderate (median: 7 days; Q1-Q3: 5-12) and severe (median: 8 days; Q1-Q3: 5-16) acute malnutrition when compared by days of hospitalization. The main etiologic factors of malnutrition in our study population were related to problems in the amount of food provided and transition in consistency of complementary feeding.

The Effect of using E-Booklet Media on Increasing the Knowledge of Primigravida Mothers about Breastfeeding Techniques and Newborn Umbilical Cord Care

Primigravida mothers often lack sufficient knowledge about newborn care, including umbilical cord care and breastfeeding techniques. Better education and support from healthcare professionals are essential to enhance their knowledge and skills in infant care. Effective training and counseling can help primigravida mothers feel more confident and competent in caring for their children. This study aims to determine the effect of e-booklet media on the knowledge of primigravida mothers regarding breastfeeding techniques and umbilical cord care in the service area of the Pamandegan Health Center and Midwife Clinic. This research uses a quantitative method with a pre-experimental design and a one-group pretest-posttest research design. The sample size in this study was 68 respondents, selected using total sampling, and all respondents received the intervention for 1 month. The measurement tool used in this study was a questionnaire that had undergone normality and validity tests. Normality was tested using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and data analysis was conducted using univariate analysis and bivariate analysis with the Wilcoxon test. The hypothesis test results showed a p-value = 0.000 &lt; 0.05, indicating that the use of e-booklet media significantly affected the knowledge of primigravida mothers regarding breastfeeding techniques and umbilical cord care. It is crucial for primigravida mothers to improve their knowledge in these two aspects as it can greatly impact their ability to care for their babies effectively.

ОЦЕНКА ГОТОВНОСТИ БУДУЩИХ МАМ К ГРУДНОМУ ВСКАРМЛИВАНИЮ

Breastfeeding is the optimal type of child feeding, having a beneficial effect on the health of the child and mother. Objective: to assess the knowledge of expectant mothers about breast milk and the current practice of preparing for breastfeeding in medical organizations. Materials and methods. A one-time study was conducted using a voluntary survey among pregnant and postpartum women in antenatal clinics and obstetric institutions. Results. Despite the readiness of 89% of surveyed respondents to breastfeed their children, there is insufficient commitment of medical personnel to prepare for breastfeeding: only 44% of expectant mothers received information about the benefits of breastfeeding during pregnancy in antenatal clinics and 68% in maternity care institutions, attached to breasts immediately after birth in only 73% of newborns, only 29.6% of postpartum women received help from a breastfeeding consultant in the maternity hospital, 39% of nursing mothers developed cracked nipples on the second or third day from the start of feeding, indicating a violation of breastfeeding technique, and finally, only 33.0% of mothers in the region breastfeed until their children reach 6 months of age. Only 7.3% of respondents know about the reduced risk of developing breast cancer when breastfeeding, 26% believe that children receiving adapted artificial formula are less susceptible to acute intestinal infections. Conclusion. Insufficient knowledge about the benefits of breast milk in expectant mothers requires a change in organizational forms of work to support breastfeeding during pregnancy and in the early postpartum period in medical organizations, as well as large-scale measures to inform the population and create conditions conducive to breastfeeding about its importance.

Breastfeeding When the Mother and the Baby Are Hospitalized Together or Separately

Objective:At the Regional High Specialty Hospital of Ixtapaluca, a lactation unit was implemented to promote breast milk feeding. This report aimed to describe the experience of breastfeeding in scenarios where the mother and the baby were hospitalized together or separately.Methods:This is a clinical practice article that describes situations where direct infant feeding was not an option. Lactation nursing staff provided educational support to mothers for breast milk expression with therapeutic self-care measures to promote exclusive breastfeeding.Results:Supplementation of breast milk was carried out in four scenarios: (1) mother and baby hospitalized together, (2) hospitalized separately, (3) the mother at home and the infant hospitalized, and (4) the mother hospitalized and the infant at home.Conclusions:The lactation unit of a non-obstetric hospital contributed to the promotion and training of exclusive breastfeeding techniques in situations where the mother or the baby was hospitalized.

Optimalisasi Edukasi Kesehatan Ibu untuk Meningkatkan Kepatuhan Pemberian ASI di Desa Sukamulya

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months of life is an important effort to improve the health and development of babies. Objective: This aims to optimize maternal health knowledge in Sukamulya Village in order to increase their compliance with breastfeeding. Method: This service program involves several main activities: (1) Health Education: Holding training sessions and seminars regarding the benefits and techniques of breastfeeding for mothers in the village. Education is carried out by medical personnel and nutritionists. (2) Individual Counseling: Providing personal consultations for mothers who experience difficulties or have questions regarding breastfeeding. (3) Providing educational materials: Distributing brochures, posters and practical guides on exclusive breastfeeding to mothers in Sukamulya Village. Results: After program implementation, maternal health knowledge regarding breastfeeding has increased significantly. Data shows that adherence to breastfeeding increased from 45% before the intervention to 75% after the program was implemented. Feedback from participants shows an increase in understanding and application of breastfeeding practices in their daily lives. Conclusion: Optimizing maternal health knowledge through education and counseling is effective in increasing compliance with breastfeeding in Sukamulya Village. This program shows that a knowledge-based approach can improve awareness and practice of breastfeeding, contributing to the health and well-being of babies. Recommendations for further program development include sustainable implementation and strengthening community support.

INFLUENCE OF HEALTH EDUCATION THROUGH BOOKLET MEDIA ON PUBTER WOMAN KNOWLEDGE ABOUT EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING AT PMB MURNIYATI

As reported by the World Health Organization (WHO), less than half of infants under the age of six months worldwide are exclusively breastfed. In Indonesia, the proportion of infants who are exclusively breastfed has remained unchanged over the past two years. The Indonesian Nutrition Status Survey (SSGI) indicates that the prevalence of early breastfeeding initiation was 47.4 percent in 2021 and 58.1 percent in 2022. Additionally, the data for exclusive breastfeeding among infants aged 0-5 months was 52.1 percent in 2021 and 52.2 percent in 2022 (Saragih and Istianah, 2022). The objective of this study is to ascertain the impact of health education on postpartum mothers' knowledge regarding exclusive breastfeeding at PMB Murniyati. This study utilizes a quantitative research design with a quasi-experimental approach and a one-group pretest-posttest model. The sampling technique employed was total sampling, with a sample size of 30 individuals. The instrument utilized was a questionnaire designed to assess knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding. The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The results of the study demonstrated that health education had a significant impact on postpartum mothers' knowledge and skills regarding the correct breastfeeding technique at PMB Murniyati. This was evidenced by a statistically significant difference in the pretest and posttest p-value (p &lt; 0.05). The findings of this study indicate that health education has a significant impact on postpartum mothers' knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding at PMB Murniyati.

Educational Packages on Breastfeeding Increase Behavior and Self-Efficacy of Mothers

As a specific breastfeeding practice, the proportion of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia remains below the intended indicator. Education about breastfeeding techniques aims to increase success in providing exclusive breastfeeding by increasing mothers' knowledge and skills in breastfeeding their babies. The goal of this study is to find out how the Jambi City Health Center's breastfeeding education program affects moms' confidence and nursing behavior. Mothers who had just given birth or were nursing their babies participated in this study. Using a control group and a quasi-experimental design with pre- and post-test measures, the study used a quantitative methodology. Using accidental sampling, 25 respondents from the treatment and control groups made up the sample. The variables measured are maternal behavior and self-efficacy. The measuring instruments used were the breastfeeding action instrument and the BSES-FS. The treatment group's behavioral results produced a p-value of 0.001 (&lt;0.05) according to statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon test, while the control group's p-value was 0.629 (&gt;0.05). In a similar vein, the treatment group's p-value for self-efficacy outcomes was 0.001 (&lt;0.05), but the control group's was 0.122 (&gt;0.05). These findings imply that nursing moms' behavior and self-efficacy are significantly impacted by teaching packages on breastfeeding procedures delivered by video and booklet medium. In particular, compared to the control group that did not get the intervention, the treatment group, who did receive the intervention, exhibited improved behavior and greater levels of self-efficacy.

HUBUNGAN FAMILY SUPPORT DAN BREASTFEEDING SELF EFFICACY PADA IBU MENYUSUI PMB YULI BAHRIAH

Breast milk (ASI) is considered the best and most important food for babies up to 6 months of age without the addition of other foods. The success of breastfeeding is very dependent on the support provided, both from the family and from the mother's self-efficacy in breastfeeding. The mother's condition can also influence breastfeeding success, such as confidence in her breastfeeding ability (breastfeeding self-efficacy). This study aims to determine the relationship between family support and breastfeeding self-efficacy (breastfeeding self-efficacy) with the success of providing exclusive breastfeeding to breastfeeding mothers at PMB Yuli Bahriah. The method used is quantitative by designcross-sectional, and the sample consisted of 20 breastfeeding mothers in the PMB Yuli Bahriah Kertapati work area in 2024. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire with specific questions regardingfamily support and the success of exclusive breastfeeding.Breastfeeding self-efficacy measured using a scaleBreastfeeding Self-Efficacy (BSE) and analyzed by testchi-square. The research results show that there is a significant relationship betweenfamily support, breastfeeding self-efficacy, and the success of exclusive breastfeeding. Family support plays an important role in the success of exclusive breastfeeding, because it helps babies and families understand the importance of breastfeeding. Mothers also need to increase their self-confidence and motivation to breastfeed as well as knowledge about correct breastfeeding techniques through health service counseling.

PEMBERDAYAAN KADER MELALUI PELATIHAN PIJAT OKSITOSIN UNTUK PENCEGAHAN MASTITIS

Oxytocin massage has proven effective in reducing the risk of mastitis in breastfeeding mothers by helping the breasts to relax and improving milk flow, thereby reducing swelling and milk duct blockages. Education on proper breastfeeding techniques is crucial to prevent worsening conditions and increasing the risk of mastitis. This community service activity aims to provide education and oxytocin massage training to posyandu cadres in the Puskesmas Pancana Makassar area. The community service method involves direct guidance from trained facilitators to the cadres, which includes proper and safe massage techniques as well as understanding the benefits for breastfeeding mothers, while cadre participation is documented and analyzed to evaluate the impact of the training on increasing knowledge and skills in oxytocin massage techniques and mastitis prevention. The results of this activity show that oxytocin massage training effectively enhances the practical skills of posyandu cadres, with 80% of cadres achieving good skills after the training compared to only 10% before the training, thus contributing to the prevention of mastitis and improving the quality of health services at posyandu. Integrating oxytocin massage into posyandu cadre training programs is crucial in preventing mastitis, enhancing maternal mental health, and strengthening the emotional bond between mother and baby. Therefore, this training not only improves the practical knowledge of cadres but also has a significant positive impact on supporting family health and well-being at the community level.

The Effect of Providing Exclusive Breastfeeding Counseling on the Self-Efficacy of Breastfeeding Mothers

Exclusive breastfeeding is a baby's best food for growth and development in the first six months. Breastfeeding mothers need high confidence and self-efficacy that they can provide breastmilk for their babies. The provision of counseling services allows mothers to gain a comprehensive understanding of proper breastfeeding techniques and the benefits of breast milk for infants. This study aimed to determine the effect of exclusive breastfeeding counseling on breastfeeding mothers' self-efficacy.This study was a pre-experiment study with a one group pretest-postest design. The sample in this study amounted to 33 exclusive breastfeeding mothers ≤ 6 months which is the total pupulation. The data obtained were processed and analyzed with the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test.The results of the statistical test analysis showed a change in efficacy after counseling of 15.50 with a significance value (Sig.) of 0.000. That is, there is an effect of exclusive breastfeeding counseling on the self-efficacy of breastfeeding mothers.The conclusion of this study is that there is an effect of exclusive breastfeeding counseling on the self-efficacy of breastfeeding mothers. It is hoped that this research can be used as information to carry out midwifery care, so that officers can provide maximum services to improve the quality of health services, especially counseling and providing information about the importance of exclusive breastfeeding so that there is no drop out and breastfeeding continues for up to 2 years.

Importance Assigned to Breastfeeding by Spanish Pregnant Women and Associated Factors: A Survey-Based Multivariate Linear Correlation Study.

Breastfeeding education, across all disciplines, is often inconsistent and lacking in expertise and confidence. However, recommendations from health professionals, the sociocultural environment, and previous knowledge and experiences significantly influence women's decision to breastfeed. This study aimed to identify factors that promote the assignment of greater importance to breastfeeding and associated practical benefits. This retrospective cross-sectional study included 276 participants who completed a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed, and multivariate linear models were applied to identify factors influencing the importance assigned to breastfeeding. Most participants were married or in a relationship, were native Spaniards, had secondary or higher education, and had an average age of 32.6 years. Seventy percent met the physical activity recommendations, and 91% felt comfortable with their body image during pregnancy. The importance assigned to breastfeeding was high across various aspects, except for postpartum weight loss and body image. Group prenatal care was only significantly associated with the importance assigned to the breastfeeding technique (how to breastfeed). The obesogenic environment and the importance assigned to nutritional aspects and physical activity also turned out to be predictors, although not for all models. In our region, the educational strategy of antenatal care groups could contain gaps regarding the mother's health, which should be addressed in the future to improve results regarding the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding.