Techniques In Terms Of Number Research Articles

Multiarea Inertia Estimation Using Convolutional Neural Networks and Federated Learning

With the increase in penetration of renewable energy sources (RES), traditional inertia estimation techniques based purely on the number of online synchronous generators are increasingly unsuitable, ultimately leading towards suboptimal frequency control in the electric power grid. The stochastic nature of RES additionally makes the system inertia a time-varying quantity. Furthermore, the frequency and inertial response of power systems change drastically in multiarea power systems with interconnected tie-lines. Hence, it is important for state/parameter estimation (e.g., inertia) in multiarea systems, while ensuring communication between each of the areas. In this article, a client–server-based federated learning framework is used to estimate power system inertia in a multiarea system. Federated learning is a machine learning technique where multiple decentralized devices are trained with local data, and a global model is updated and redistributed by a central server by aggregating the trained weights of the decentralized devices, without exchanging the local data. Using local frequency measurements, obtained from the phase-locked loop of an energy storage system, the inertia at each of the areas can be estimated locally via offline training using convolutional neural networks (CNNs), whereas the CNN weights update in an online fashion. The framework, tested on a two-area power system, accurately estimated the inertia constant for both independent and identically distributed (IID) and non-IID data. Furthermore, the CNN-based method outperformed conventional neural network-based estimation techniques in terms of number of communication rounds and estimation accuracy.

Drone assisted Flying Ad-Hoc Networks: Mobility and Service oriented modeling using Neuro-fuzzy

Flying ad-hoc networks enable vast of IoT services while maintaining communication among the ground systems and flying drones. The domain research is focusing on flying networks assisted data centric IoT applications while integrating the benefits and services of aerial objects such as unmanned aerial vehicle and drones. Considering the growing market significance of drone centric flying networks, quality of service provisioning is one of the most leading research themes in flying ad-hoc networks. The related literature majorly relies on centralized base station monitored communications. Towards this end, this paper proposes a drone assisted distributed routing framework focusing on quality of service provision in IoT environments (D-IoT). The aerial drone mobility and parameters are modeled probabilistically focusing on highly dynamic flying ad-hoc networks environments. These drone centric models are utilized to develop a complete distributed routing framework. Neuro-fuzzy interference system has been employed to assist in reliable and efficient route selection. A comparative performance evaluation attests the benefits of the proposed drone assisted routing framework. It is evident that D-IoT outperforms the state-of-the-art techniques in terms of number of network performance metrics in flying ad-hoc networks environments.

MCFS: Min-cut-based feature-selection

In this paper, MCFS (Min-Cut-based feature-selection) is presented, which is a feature-selection algorithm based on the representation of the features in a dataset by means of a directed graph. The main contribution of our work is to show the usefulness of a general graph-processing technique in the feature-selection problem for classification datasets. The vertices of the graphs used herein are the features together with two special-purpose vertices (one of which denotes high correlation to the feature class of the dataset, and the other denotes a low correlation to the feature class). The edges are functions of the correlations among the features and also between the features and the classes. A classic max-flow min-cut algorithm is applied to this graph. The cut returned by this algorithm provides the selected features. We have compared the results of our proposal with well-known feature-selection techniques. Our algorithm obtains results statistically similar to those achieved by the other techniques in terms of number of features selected, while additionally significantly improving the accuracy.

A Prospective Randomised Clinical Trial for the Comparison of Two Techniques for the Insertion of Proseal Laryngeal Mask Airway in Adults-Index Finger Insertion Technique versus 90° Rotation Technique.

The 90° rotation technique for inserting the Proseal laryngeal mask airway (PLMA) is reported to be better than the standard index finger insertion technique to improve the insertion success rate. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the ease of insertion through the 90° rotation and standard insertion techniques in terms of number of attempts, duration of insertion and occurrence of complications. One hundred and twenty adult patients were allocated to either a standard technique group or rotation technique group with 60 patients in each. In the rotation technique group, the entire cuff of the PLMA was placed in the patient's mouth in a midline approach without finger insertion, rotated 90° counter-clockwise around the patient's tongue, advanced and rotated back until resistance was felt. The success rate of the rotation technique group at the first insertion attempt was greater than that of the standard index finger insertion technique (98% vs. 78%; p=0.001), and less time for insertion was required (11.88±3.62 s vs. 25.98±10.92 s; p<0.0001). The incidence of post-operative sore throat was lower (15% vs. 38.34%; p=0.0067), and blood staining on the PLMA was less (11.7% vs. 45%; p<0.0001). The increase in the mean arterial pressure was more in the standard technique group. The 90° rotation technique has a higher success rate at first insertion attempt for inserting the ProSeal LMA than the index finger insertion technique with less time for insertion and fewer side effects.

A comparison of standard and rotational techniques for ease of insertion of ProSeal laryngeal mask airway in adult patients: A 1-year hospital-based randomized clinical trial

Title: A prospective randomised clinical trial for comparison of two techniques of insertion of proseal laryngeal mask airway in adults - index finger insertion technique versus 90 degree rotational technique. Introduction: ProSeal laryngeal mask airway is not easy to be inserted due to its larger cuff especially in Indian population.The 90 degrees rotation technique for inserting the PLMA is reported to be better than the standard index finger insertion technique to improve the insertion success rate. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the ease of insertion through the rotational and standard insertion technique in terms of number of attempts, duration of insertion and occurrence of complications. Methods: 120 adult patients were allocated to either a standard technique or a rotation technique group with 60 patients in each group. In the rotation technique group the entire cuff of the PLMA was placed in the patient's mouth in a midline approach without finger insertion, rotated 90 degrees counter clockwise around the patient's tongue, advanced and then rotated back until resistance was felt. The outcomes measured were success rate at first insertion, insertion time, haemodynamic changes and complications. Results: For the rotation technique group the success rate at first insertion was greater (98% vs 78%, respectively; P = 0.001), and less time for insertion was required (11.88 +/- 3.62 sec vs 25.98 +/- 10.92 sec, respectively; P Conclusion: The 90 degrees rotation technique for inserting the PLMA has a higher success rate at first insertion than the standard index finger insertion technique with lesser insertion time and fewer side effects.

Abstract PR596

Background & Objectives:Catheterization of Internal Jugular Vein (IJV) is commonly attempted to obtain central venous access for hemodynamic monitoring, long term administration of fluids and inotropes, chemotherapeutic agents or corrosive drugs as well as total parenteral nutrition and hemodialysis in critical care patients. The catheterization of the IJV can be achieved by either anatomical landmark technique or the Ultrasound (USG) guided technique. The objective of our study is to find out if USG guided technique could be beneficial in placing central venous catheters by improving the success rate by reducing the number of attempts, decreasing the access time and decreasing the complications rate in comparison to the Landmark technique. Materials & Methods: Fifty patients scheduled for cardiac surgery requiring central venous cannulation of the right IJV were divided into two groups: USG guided group ‘U’ and the landmark guided group ‘L’, each consisting of 25 patients with age more than 15 years. The outcome measures were compared between the two groups in terms of success rate, time taken for successful cannulation and rate of complications. Results: The two groups were comparable in terms of age, weight, heart rate and blood pressure. The mean number of attempts for successful cannulation was 1.08±0.277 and 1.40±0.764 (p=0.055), the time taken in seconds for successful cannulation was 108.56±27.822 and 132.08±72.529 (p=0.137) and the overall complication rate was 0% (0 out of 25) and 32% (8 out of 25) (p=0.002) in the USG guided and the landmark technique group respectively. Conclusion: Our study has found that the use of USG in central venous cannulation of the internal jugular vein requires similar number of attempts and almost similar time for successful cannulation with that of the landmark technique. However the overall complications rate is markedly decreased by the use of USG than by the landmark technique for the central venous cannulation. Hence, we conclude that USG guided technique is much safer than the landmark technique to reduce the inadvertent complications during central venous cannulation. However, USG guided center venous catheterization of internal jugular vein has no difference in comparision to the landmark technique in terms of number of attempts and the time required for successful cannulation. Disclosure of Interest: None declared

Comparative Study of the Localisation of the Epidural Space Using Epidural Balloon Technique versus Saline Filled Syringe Technique – A Prospective, Randomised Study

Background and aims:The success of epidural anaesthesia begins with proper identification of epidural space. There are different techniques used for identification of the epidural space. In this study we compare the localisation of epidural space using epidural balloon technique versus normal saline filled syringe technique .Method: 200 adult patents of ASA I &II status posted for elective lower abdominal and lower limb surgery were randomly allocated in two groups of 100 each. After taking consent and IV access epidural anaesthesia was given to the patients. In group I epidural space was localised by epidural balloon technique while in group II epidural space was located by normal saline filled syringe technique using the loss of resistance method. The parameters studied were time taken for epidural space localisation, the number of attempts,the ease of passing the epidural catheter after localisation, success or failure rate of the localisation of the epidural space by resident anaesthesiologistsand the incidence of complications if any.Student unpaired ‘t’ test and chi square test were used for statistical analysis. Results:90% cases from group I(epidural balloon group) had localisation of epidural space in first attempt which was significantly more as compared to 78% in group II(saline filled syringe group). Mean duration of procedure in group I was 20.74 seconds which was significantly less as compared to 43.54 seconds in group II. 12% of cases from group II had complications during the procedure which was significantly more as compared to none from group I. Conclusion: For epidural space localisation epidural balloon technique is better than saline filled syringe technique in terms of number of attempts, mean duration of procedure, incidence of complications and ease of technique.

Ultrasound guided versus land mark technique for internal jugular central venous catheterization in cardiac surgical patients- a randomized trial

Background: Catheterization of internal jugular vein can be achieved by either anatomical landmark technique or the ultrasound guided technique. The objective of our study is to find out if ultrasound guided technique could be beneficial in placing central venous catheters by improving the success rate by reducing the number of attempts, decreasing the access time and decreasing the complications rate in comparison to the landmark technique.Methods: Fifty patients scheduled for cardiac surgery requiring central venous cannulation of the right internal jugular vein were divided into two groups: ultrasound guided group ‘U’ and the landmark group ‘L’, each consisting of 25 patients with age more than 15 years. The outcomes were compared in terms of success rate, time taken for successful cannulation and rate of complications.Results: The two groups were comparable in terms of age, weight, heart rate and blood pressure. The mean number of attempts for successful cannulation was 1.08±0.277 and 1.40±0.764 (p=0.055), the time taken in seconds for successful cannulation was 108.56±27.822 and 132.08±72.529 (p=0.137) and the overall complication rate was 0% (0 out of 25) and 32% (8 out of 25) (p=0.02) in the ultrasound guided and the landmark technique group respectively.Conclusion: Ultrasound guided central venous catheterization of internal jugular vein is comparable to the landmark technique in terms of number of attempts and the time required for successful cannulation. Ultrasound guided technique is much safer than the landmark technique to reduce the overall complications rate during central venous cannulation.

Analysis of evolutionary techniques for the automated implementation of digital circuits

Evolvable Hardware (EHW) is hardware that can dynamically change its behavior and architecture by interacting with its environment. EHW can make use of evolutionary algorithms (EAs) to optimally synthesize electrical circuits. In this paper, five different mutation methods are implemented in a conventional genetic algorithm technique to automatically realize a digital 8 bit full adder (FA). The main achievement of this work is the comparison between those techniques in terms of number of iterations required to converge on the required logical structure. Results demonstrate that the sequential mutation method (SMM) and circular gene method (CGM) reduce the convergence time, and a substantial reduction is observed when these methods are combined with the Adaptive Group Mutation (AGM) method for the full adder implementation.

High speed, wide velocity dynamic range Doppler optical coherence tomography (Part IV): split spectrum processing in rotary catheter probes

We report a technique for blood flow detection using split spectrum Doppler optical coherence tomography (ssDOCT) that shows improved sensitivity over existing Doppler OCT methods. In ssDOCT, the Doppler signal is averaged over multiple sub-bands of the interferogram, increasing the SNR of the Doppler signal. We explore the parameterization of this technique in terms of number of sub-band windows, width and overlap of the windows, and their effect on the Doppler signal to noise in a flow phantom. Compared to conventional DOCT, ssDOCT processing has increased flow sensitivity. We demonstrate the effectiveness of ssDOCT in-vivo for intravascular flow detection within a porcine carotid artery and for microvascular vessel detection in human pulmonary imaging, using rotary catheter probes. To our knowledge, this is the first report of visualizing in-vivo Doppler flow patterns adjacent to stent struts in the carotid artery.

Hybrid MicroPET Imaging for Dosimetric Applications in Mice: Improvement of Activity Quantification in Dynamic MicroPET Imaging for Accelerated Dosimetry Applied to 6-[18 F]Fluoro-l-DOPA and 2-[18 F]Fluoro-l-Tyrosine

Dynamic microPET imaging has advantages over traditional organ harvesting, but is prone to quantification errors in small volumes. Hybrid imaging, where microPET activities are cross-calibrated using post scan harvested organs, can improve quantification. Organ harvesting, dynamic imaging and hybrid imaging were applied to determine the human and mouse radiation dosimetry of 6-[18 F]fluoro-L-DOPA and 2-[18 F]fluoro-L-tyrosine and compared. Two-hour dynamic microPET imaging was performed with both tracers in four separate mice for 18 F-FDOPA and three mice for 18 F-FTYR. Organ harvesting was performed at 2, 5, 10, 30, 60 and 120 min post tracer injection with n = 5 at each time point for 18 F-FDOPA and n = 3 at each time point for 18 F-FTYR. Human radiation dosimetry projected from animal data was calculated for the three different approaches for each tracer using OLINDA/EXM. S-factors for the MOBY phantom were used to calculate the animal dosimetry. Correlations between dose estimates based on organ harvesting and imaging was improved from r = 0.997 to r = 0.999 for 18 F-FDOPA and from r = 0.985 to r = 0.996 (p < 0.0001 for all) for 18 F-FTYR by using hybrid imaging. Hybrid imaging yields comparable results to traditional organ harvesting while partially overcoming the limitations of pure imaging. It is an advantageous technique in terms of number of animals needed and labour involved.

Priority-Scaled Preemption of Radio Resources for 3GPPLTE Networks

The preemption technique plays an important role in the radio resource management (RRM) of 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks. In preemption handling methods, the resource allocation to high priority bearer requests is done by preempting the resources either partially or fully from the low priority preemptable active bearers (LP PABs). The paper proposes the priority-scaled (PS) preemption technique using Allocation and Retention Priority (ARP). The proposed technique suggests the priority-scaled (PS) preemption of resources up to minimum quality of service (QoS) level from all LP PABs. This is in contrast with conventional preemption technique, wherein high priority bearer requests preempt resources completely up to minimum QoS level, with PABs selected in sequence from lowest priority onwards. The paper investigates performance of the proposed technique in terms of number of active bearers dropped and blocked to accommodate higher priority bearer requests. The PS preemption technique reduces the dropping of LP PABs compared to conventional technique for subsequent arrivals of new low priority radio access bearer (RAB) requests, at the cost of QoS by higher priority bearer services. However, the QoS sacrifice made by the high priority PABs is limited to minimum QoS level.

Design of Extrapolated Impulse Response FIR Filters With Residual Compensation in Subexpression Space

In this paper, an extrapolated impulse response filter with residual compensation is proposed for the design of discrete coefficient finite-impulse response (FIR) filters using subexpression sharing. The proposed technique utilizes the quasi-periodic nature of the filter impulse response to approximate the filter coefficients. The reduced degree of freedom of filter coefficients due to the quasi-periodic approximation is perfectly restored by introducing a residual compensation technique. The resulting subexpression sharing synthesis of discrete coefficient FIR filters has lower complexities than that of the conventional synthesis techniques in terms of number of adders. To further reduce the synthesis complexity, filter coefficients and residuals may be optimized in subexpression spaces. Mixed integer linear programming is formulated for the optimization. Numerical examples show that the number of adders required by synthesizing the filters in the proposed structure is significantly reduced compared to that of the conventional synthesis schemes synthesized in direct or transposed direct form.

Model tightening for integrated timber harvest and transportation planning

Integrated timber harvest and transportation planning problems can be modeled as 0-1 mixed integer programming problems, but initial computations led to large integrality gaps which cannot be overcome easily. In this paper we show how this situation can be substantially improved by a combination of techniques, such as: addition of logical inequalities, lifting of inequalities and careful selection of Branch-and-Bound branching priorities based on a consideration of double-contraction. We compare various combinations of tightening techniques in terms of number of (integer) variables and constraints, LP bound, number of nodes in the Branch-and-Bound tree and CPU time.

A Modification of the Formol-Ether Concentration Technique for Increased Sensitivity in Detecting Schistosoma Mansoni Eggs

The low Schistosoma mansoni egg counts generally found in Puerto Rico require a sensitive technique for epidemiologic studies. The Ritchie formol-ether concentration technique has been modified to make it more useful for this purpose. The modified technique was compared with the older technique by analyzing fecal specimens from ten individuals with varying levels of infection. It was also compared with the Kato thick-smear technique with specimens from 25 other patients. In both series, three replicates of each technique were done on each stool. Results indicated that the modified technique was more sensitive than the older technique in terms of number of eggs counted, and that the sediment was smaller and clearer and required about 15% less time to examine. In comparison with the Kato technique, it was more successful in detecting light infections, although at higher levels of intensity, when expressed on an eggs-per-gram basis, the thick smear detected relatively more eggs. For the series as a whole, coefficients of variation for the three replicates done on each stool were smaller for the modified concentration technique than for the Kato technique. This is interpreted to reflect satisfactory reproducibility of the concentration technique when compared to the Kato technique. The concentration technique has the additional advantages over the thick smear of detecting other intestinal parasites and allowing for transportation and storage after feces are preserved in formalin.