Reconstruction Technique Research Articles

The Metabolic Effects and Effectiveness of the Different Reconstruction Methods used in Gastric Cancer Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Gastric Cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. Early stages of GC began being detected, giving rise to a new concern, Quality of Life. This study aimed to systematically assess the effects of different GC reconstruction techniques on postoperative type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension (HBP), and body mass index (BMI) reduction rate and to provide an overview of recent research on oncometabolic surgery (OS). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis by searching three databases according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We performed a meta-analysis of risk ratios and mean differences to estimate the impact of duodenal bypass, Roux-en-Y reconstruction, and residual stomach on T2DM, HBP, and BMI reduction rate. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistics. At the end of the follow-up, the duodenal bypass group compared to Billroth I had a significantly higher postoperative remission of T2DM and HBP, with a relative risk (RR) of 1.43 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) [1.27; 1.62]) and 1.3 (95% CI [1.00; 1.69]), respectively. Compared with the Billroth II group, Roux-en-Y reconstruction had significantly greater T2DM remission after gastrectomy (RR = 1.19; 95% CI [1.08; 1.31]), while HBP showed no significant differences. Regarding the improvement of HBP, total gastrectomy was significantly superior to subtotal gastrectomy (95% CI [1.01; 2.64]). A trend towards Roux-en-Y Esophagojejunostomy as the best option for T2DM remission was observed (95% CI [0.98; 2.77]; p = 0.06). Gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction appears to be the most effective treatment for T2DM remission. Further research is needed to assess the impact of OS on metabolic diseases.

MRI at low field: A review of software solutions for improving SNR.

Low magnetic field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ( <1T) is regaining interest in the magnetic resonance (MR) community as a complementary, more flexible, and cost-effective approach to MRI diagnosis. Yet, the impaired signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) per square root of time, or SNR efficiency, leading in turn to prolonged acquisition times, still challenges its relevance at the clinical level. To address this, researchers investigate various hardware and software solutions to improve SNR efficiency at low field, including the leveraging of latest advances in computing hardware. However, there may not be a single recipe for improving SNR at low field, and it is key to embrace the challenges and limitations of each proposed solution. In other words, suitable solutions depend on the final objective or application envisioned for a low-field scanner and, more importantly, on the characteristics of a specific low field. In this review, we aim to provide an overview on software solutions to improve SNR efficiency at low field. First, we cover techniques for efficient k-space sampling and reconstruction. Then, we present post-acquisition techniques that enhance MR images such as denoising and super-resolution. In addition, we summarize recently introduced electromagnetic interference cancellation approaches showing great promises when operating in shielding-free environments. Finally, we discuss the advantages and limitations of these approaches that could provide directions for future applications.

Assessing anatomical variations of the superior mesenteric artery via three-dimensional CT angiography and laparoscopic right hemicolectomy: a retrospective observational study.

This study aimed to analyse the anatomical relationships and differences between the superior mesenteric vessels and their branches by reviewing a laparoscopic right hemicolectomy surgery video and comparing it with preoperative three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) angiography and to verify the accuracy of 3D-CT vascular reconstruction techniques. Surgical videos and preoperative imaging data of 52 patients undergoing laparoscopic right hemicolectomy were analysed to observe and summarize the probability of occurrence and adjacency of superior mesenteric vascular branches, and the lengths of specific sites of their branches were measured using the above two methods. Preoperative CT images and surgical video showed that the ileocolic artery (ICA) was present in 98.1% (51/52) and the ileocolic vein (ICV) was present in 100% (52/52), and ICA was present in 13.7% (7/51) of the ICV directly anteriorly, 13.7% (7/51) anteriorly superiorly, 3.9% (2/51) anteriorly inferiorly, 11.8% (6/51) directly posteriorly, 37.2% (19/51) post superiorly, and 19.7% (10/51) posteriorly inferiorly. In the surgical video, the probability of presence of the right colic artery (RCA) was 21.2% (11/52). On CT images, the RCA was present in 10 patients. The length of the origin of the middle colic artery (MCA) from its bifurcations was 2.33 ± 0.87 cm measured intraoperatively using a sterile isometric filament, and the length measured using 3D-CT vascular reconstruction was 2.36 ± 0.91 cm; the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.348). The length of the MCA and ICA initiation points was 3.22 ± 0.75 cm measured intraoperatively using sterile isometric filaments and 3.36 ± 0.72 cm measured using 3D-CT vascular reconstruction, which was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). 3D-CT vascular reconstruction can accurately predict the vessels related to right hemicolectomy in most cases. It is an important method for preoperative prediction of superior mesenteric vessels, which can guide surgeons in the intraoperative vessel identification.

3D X-ray microscope acts as an accurate and effective equipment of pathological diagnosis in craniofacial imaging

Craniofacial structure and dental hard tissue used to be researched on by traditional imaging tools such as light microscope, electron microscope and micro-CT. Due to the limitations of imaging principle, resolution and 3D rendering reconstruction technique, traditional imaging tools are constrained for presenting fine structure and precise measurements. Here a brand-new imaging equipment–3D X-ray microscope is introduced to realize a more efficient scanning by demonstrating the comparison of the craniofacial structures and dental hard tissue of diabetes and normal DBA mouse. To explore a higher resolution, more efficient imaging measurement and 3D reconstruction method on craniofacial structure and dental hard tissue. The study included 12 DBA mice which were divided into two groups (control group and diabetes group). The heads were separated and scanned by 3D X-ray microscope, after which regions of interest were selected, followed by measurement and 3D reconstruction based on microscope attached software Dragonfly pro©. Hemi-mandibles were collected for enamel mineral density assessment supported by QRM-MicroCT-HA phantom. Data was submitted to paired t-tests at a 95% confidence level. The automatic assessed enamel thickness of diabetes mice decreased on average, whereas the rest of manual measurements and automatic assessed density showed no statistical difference. We constructed HA phantom assisted enamel density procedure in Dragonfly software. Craniofacial structure and dental hard tissue were well-presented both in 2D slide and 3D reconstruction viewport by 3D X-ray microscope which can be routinely used as craniofacial structure and dental hard tissue imaging tool.

A global dataset of 7 billion individuals with socio-economic characteristics

In global impact modeling, there is a need to address the heterogeneous characteristics of households and individuals that drive different behavioral responses to, for example, environmental risk, socio-economic policy changes and spread of diseases. In this research, we present GLOPOP-S, the first global synthetic population dataset with 1,999,227,130 households and 7,335,881,094 individuals for the year 2015, consistent with population statistics at an administrative unit 1 level. GLOPOS-S contains the following attributes: age, education, gender, income/wealth, settlement type (urban/rural), household size, household type, and for selected countries in the Global South, ownership of agricultural land and dwelling characteristics. To generate GLOPOP-S, we use microdata from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS) and Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and apply synthetic reconstruction techniques to fit national survey data to regional statistics, thereby accounting for spatial differences within and across countries. Additionally, we have developed methods to generate data for countries without available microdata. The dataset can be downloaded per region or country. GLOPOP-S is open source and can be extended with other attributes.

Innovative Orbital Periosteum Suturing Technique for Endoscopic Medial Orbital Wall Reconstruction

Abstract Background Advances in endoscopic orbital surgery have sparked discussion regarding reconstructive procedures for medial orbital wall defects following tumor removal. This study describes an innovative orbital periosteal suturing technique that addresses the functional and aesthetic concerns created by orbital surgery. Objective Comprehensive clinical evaluation of a novel orbital periosteal suturing technique for endoscopic medial orbital wall reconstruction. Methods A retrospective chart review identified five patients who underwent endoscopic transnasal resection and subsequent orbital periosteal suturing for reconstruction. The surgical approach involved a binostril transseptal technique to create a broad surgical corridor. The postoperative follow-up was 13.4 ± 1.8 months. Results In the five patients, the mean age was 47.6 ± 13.0 years and the lesions were predominantly distributed on the left side (60%). Reconstruction time with the orbital periosteal suture procedure averaged 47.2 ± 6.6 minutes, employing four to five stitches. No patients experienced short-term complications such as visual acuity defect, new or exacerbated diplopia, or cranial nerve palsy within 2 weeks, and no long-term complications such as enophthalmos or prolonged diplopia were observed. Conclusion Orbital periosteal suturing is an effective and resource-efficient technique for endoscopic reconstruction of the medial orbital wall. Surgeons may consider this method among the available options for orbital reconstruction, representing a novel advancement in the field.

Analysis of microstructure of prefabricated fractured granite under thermal effects based on CT technology

In this study, Computed Tomography (CT) technology was employed to visually analyze the influence of thermal effects on the microstructure of prefabricated fractured granite. The porosity and heterogeneity of the samples were calculated using three-dimensional reconstruction techniques, and two parameters, crack length and orientation, were introduced to quantitatively evaluate the impact of prefabricated fractures on subsequent crack propagation. The results indicated that at 400 °C–500 °C, numerous microcracks were generated within the samples, but they did not interconnect. Above 600 °C, microcracks gradually propagated, forming well-connected crack networks. Due to the uneven thermal stress distribution caused by the prefabricated fractures, samples subjected to temperatures above 600 °C exhibited higher heterogeneity in the vertical direction. While in other directions, the samples gradually tended to homogenize as the temperature rose. Below 500 °C, crack length was significantly affected by the prefabricated fractures, although this influence diminished with increasing distance from the fractures. When the temperature was below 400 °C, microcracks mainly propagated along the direction of the prefabricated fractures. However, when the temperature exceeded 500 °C, microcracks began to initiate and propagate in the opposite direction of the prefabricated fractures, and anti-wing cracks started to emerge.

Self-navigated subspace reconstruction for real-time MR imaging of the vocal tract

Purpose: Real-time MRI offers a continuous and dynamic view of the object being imaged. Researchers have applied real-time MRI to speech production, which allows for the visualization of the vocal tract during speech.Methods: This study proposed applying self-navigated subspace reconstruction for real-time vocal tract imaging. We performed experiments on a clinical 3 T MRI using standard RF coils and rapid acquisition. Additionally, 1000 frames were compressed during reconstruction to a few principal components, and iterative low-rank approximation was performed on compressed k-space, in conjunction with the orthogonal basis estimation for the subspace.Results: The simulation study involving a 32-time acceleration showed that the proposed method produced a reasonably small root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.159, compared to 0.278 for sliding window reconstruction, 0.2527 for SToRM and 0.294 for low-rank reconstruction. The study also presented in vivo images of a typical sagittal image with a temporal resolution of 7 ms/frame or 21 ms/frame for the three-slice scan.Conclusion: Our study presented a subspace reconstruction technique that does not require a navigator echo, which can be used for real-time MRI, particularly in speech imaging applications.

Rapid acquisition of battery impedance across multiple scenarios using DRT analysis

Quick and accurate electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement has always been challenging. This paper proposes a reliable and fast measurement method, which, based on battery characteristics, utilizes a distribution of relaxation times (DRT) extraction algorithm to construct a characteristic spectrum and map it to a binary sequence. The proposed method for constructing characteristic sequences is applicable to battery measurements in multiple scenarioes. The paper additionally introduces a hybrid reconstruction filtering (HRF) method that amalgamates the DRT reconstruction technique and non-parametric estimation techniques. The filtering method does not require preset parameters, resulting in high accuracy and applicability. Simultaneously, combining the characteristic sequence with HRF ultimately obtains a smooth and complete EIS curve under varying states of charges (SOCs), temperatures, and capacities. The proposed testing framework obtains impedance from 0.1 Hz to 2000 Hz <13.2 s. The overall measurement error for batteries with different internal resistances does not exceed 2 %. This work provides a reliable characteristic optimization sequence for large-scale battery impedance measurements, offering a method that is both simple and highly versatile.

Phrenoplasty Techniques for the Reconstruction of Basal Chest Wall Defects

Background: Primary and secondary tumors of the abdominal lower third of the bony thorax are relatively rare. Therefore, indications and techniques for chest wall reconstructions in this area are not well defined. Methods: The techniques for reconstructing basal chest wall defects using the diaphragm are described. Indications for phrenoplasty are limited to reconstruction after full-thickness resection of at least two of the last four ribs in the midaxillary line. The diaphragm can be used for reconstructive purposes both if it is intact and if it is partially involved in the resection of the chest wall. Results: At our institution, the abovementioned reconstructive technique was successfully performed in five patients with an uneventful post-operative course. Conclusions: The main advantages of these methods are the use of promptly available, high-quality autologous tissue and the exclusion of the pleural space from the defect area, thus transforming a thoracic defect into an abdominal one. The disadvantage is a variable reduction in the volume of the hemithorax. These techniques could be compared with other reconstruction techniques using pre-/post-operative respiratory functional tests.

Patellar Tendon Reconstruction Using Hamstring Graft: A Case Report

Background: Patellar tendon ruptures presenting in a chronic setting are rare events that impose technical surgical challenges due to proximal retraction of the patella, quadriceps muscle atrophy and contracture, and peripatellar adhesions. Various reconstruction techniques have been described using different grafts and fixation methods; however, there is a paucity of reported out- comes and there is no consensus on standard of care. Indications: The patient is a young female of 18yrs who presented with a history of trauma to right knee and was diagnosed with chronic patellar tendon tear. The patient was indicated for patellar tendon reconstruction with autologous hamstring tendon graft due to chronicity of the injury. Method: Patellar tendon reconstruction using hamstrings graft and fixing with anchor suture and interference screw. Result: Achieving normal patella tendon height and complete range of motion with restoration of extensor mechanism of knee. Conclusion: Knee extensor mechanism disruptions necessitate prompt surgical correction. In patients with poor tendon quality and/or a history of knee arthroplasty, primary repair should be supplemented with autograft or allograft. Early repairs yield better results than late interventions, which necessitate intricate reconstructions to reestablish the extensor mechanism's continuity. Achieving early osteointegration of the graft is important in case of tendon reconstructive procedures such as in this case as it leads to better outcomes in terms of rehabilitation and early progress to daily activities. Keys Words: tendon injuries, patellar tendon reconstruction, chronic patellar tendon tear, hamstring graft, hamstring tendon autograft, interference screw

Differential Hemodynamic Responses to Motor and Tactile Imagery: Insights from Multichannel fNIRS Mapping.

Tactile and motor imagery are crucial components of sensorimotor functioning and cognitive neuroscience research, yet the neural mechanisms of tactile imagery remain underexplored compared to motor imagery. This study employs multichannel functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) combined with image reconstruction techniques to investigate the neural hemodynamics associated with tactile (TI) and motor imagery (MI). In a study of 15 healthy participants, we found that MI elicited significantly greater hemodynamic responses (HRs) in the precentral area compared to TI, suggesting the involvement of different cortical areas involved in two different types of sensorimotor mental imagery. Concurrently, the HRs in S1 and parietal areas exhibited comparable patterns in both TI and MI. During MI, both motor and somatosensory areas demonstrated comparable HRs. However, in TI, somatosensory activation was observed to be more pronounced. Our results highlight the distinctive neural profiles of motor versus tactile imagery and indicate fNIRS technique to be sensitive for this. This distinction is significant for fundamental understanding of sensorimotor integration and for developing advanced neurotechnologies, including imagery-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) that can differentiate between different types of mental imagery.

Surgical Reconstruction in Malignant Eyelid Tumors.

To report the histopathological subtypes of malignant eyelid tumors treated surgically in the author's clinic and to present the author's graft and flap preferences in the reconstruction of the eyelid defect after surgical excision. This retrospective study included 33 patients who underwent malignant eyelid tumor excision, followed by eyelid reconstruction. A frozen section was performed during surgery to assess surgical margins in all patients. Demographic characteristics, histological classification, localization, and size of the tumor, postoperative defect size, follow-up period, complications, and recurrence rate were recorded. Of the patients with a mean age of 66.6 ± 15.3 (range: 23-94), 15 (45.5%) were females and 18 (54.5%) were males. The lower eyelid was the most commonly involved site in 27 (81.8%) patients. Basal cell carcinoma was the most frequently diagnosed type of malignant cancer in 81.8% (n = 27) of the cases. Among the tumor subtypes, nodular type basal cell carcinoma was the most frequently observed subtype in 10 (30.3%) patients. Wide excision with different flap and graft techniques was performed in 26 (78.8%) patients with defect sizes of 40% or larger. In the author's study, the most preferred flap technique for anterior lamella reconstruction was the Tenzel semicircular flap (30.3% n = 10). The most frequently preferred flap for posterior lamella reconstruction was the Hughes tarsoconjunctival flap (30.3% n = 10). There were no flap or graft failures in any of the author's cases. In the treatment of malignant eyelid tumors, different local flap and graft techniques selected according to the size of the defect have successful anatomical results in reconstructive surgery after frozen section controlled excision.

Study on the characteristics of blast-induced damage zone by using the wave velocity field inversion technique

The rock excavation by drilling and blasting method would lead to damage around the blasting hole, which could significantly affect the long-term stability of surrounding rock mass in tunnel, slope, or bedrock. To qualify the characteristics of blast-induced damage zone, we proposed a wave velocity field inversion imaging method, which combines multistencils fast marching methods and simultaneous iterative reconstructive technique to quickly inverse and quantify the blast-induced cracked zone surrounding the borehole. The finite-discrete element method, which has advantages in simulating the fracture and fragmentation of rocks, was used to simulate the blasting process and acoustic wave testing. The ground vibrations induced by the blasting were monitored simultaneously and the acoustic waveforms are used to invert the wave velocity field before and after blasts. The inverted wave velocity field is compared with the blast-induced cracked zone, and the relationship between the radius of the crushed zone and the cracked zone under different charges was studied. It is found that the ratio of the crushed zone radius and the cracked zone radius decreases with the increasing charge. Moreover, the relationship between the peak particle velocity at 30 m away from the borehole (PPV30) and the distribution of the cracked zone was determined.

Robust unsupervised 5D seismic data reconstruction on regular and irregular grids

Seismic data reconstruction has become a central focus in seismic data processing, addressing challenges posed by sparse sampling due to physical and budgetary constraints. The advent of 5D acquisition methodologies marks a significant advancement in the quality and completeness of seismic data sets. Most traditional 5D reconstruction methods commonly use the fast Fourier transform (FFT), requiring regular grids and preliminary 4D binning before 5D interpolation. Discrete Fourier transform and nonequidistant FFT can honor the original irregular coordinates. However, when using exact locations, these methods become computationally expensive. We introduce an unsupervised deep-learning methodology to learn a continuous function across the sampling points in seismic data, facilitating reconstruction on regular and irregular grids. The network comprises a multilayer perceptron with linear layers and element-wise periodic activation functions. It excels at mapping the input coordinates to the corresponding seismic data amplitudes without relying on external training sets. The network’s intrinsic low-frequency bias is crucial in prioritizing acquiring self-similar features over high-frequency and incoherent ones during training. This characteristic mitigates incoherent noise in seismic data, such as random and erratic components. To assess the robustness of the unsupervised reconstruction technique, we conduct comprehensive evaluations using synthetic data examples sampled regularly and irregularly, as well as field-data examples with and without binning. The findings demonstrate the efficacy of our deep-learning framework in achieving resilient and accurate seismic data reconstruction across diverse sampling scenarios.

Reconstruction of deep and perforating corneal defects in dogs-A review (Part II/III): Biomaterials and keratoprosthesis.

The surgical reconstruction of severe corneal ulcers is a common and crucial component of the clinical practice of veterinary ophthalmology. Numerous surgical techniques are used in dogs for corneal reconstruction, and these techniques may be categorized by the material used to repair the corneal lesion. The first part of the present review described procedures that utilize autogenous ocular tissues, homologous donor tissues, and heterologous donor tissues. In this second part of the review, the categories of biomaterials and keratoprosthetics will be summarized. Biomaterials that are reported for use in dogs include amniotic membrane, porcine urinary bladder acellular matrix, porcine small intestinal submucosa, acellular porcine corneal stroma, and other miscellaneous soft tissue and cartilage grafts (e.g., preserved equine renal capsule, autologous omentum, autologous buccal mucosa membrane, bovine pericardium, and homologous peritoneum). Descriptions of keratoprosthesis surgery in dogs are currently limited, but the use of artificial corneal transplants hold promise for dogs with severe, vision-compromising corneal disease that is not amenable to other reconstruction techniques. This review describes the results of experimental studies evaluating these graft materials in dogs, and it will summarize the findings and outcomes of the clinical articles published in each material category. Reporting inconsistencies and areas where additional research is required will be highlighted to help guide future studies in this area. A major aim of this review is to help identify potential subjects that could be evaluated in future investigations and that might lead to refinements in clinical practice.

Combining Computational Fluid Dynamics, Structural Analysis, and Machine Learning to Predict Cerebrovascular Events: A Mild ML Approach

Background/Objectives: Cerebrovascular events, such as strokes, are often preceded by the rupture of atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid arteries. This work introduces a novel approach to predict the occurrence of such events by integrating computational fluid dynamics (CFD), structural analysis, and machine learning (ML) techniques. The objective is to develop a predictive model that combines both imaging and non-imaging data to assess the risk of carotid atherosclerosis and subsequent cerebrovascular events, ultimately improving clinical decision-making. Methods: A multidisciplinary approach was employed, utilizing 3D reconstruction techniques and blood-flow simulations to extract key plaque characteristics. These were combined with patient-specific clinical data for risk evaluation. The study involved 134 asymptomatic individuals diagnosed with carotid artery disease. Data imbalance was addressed using two distinct approaches, with the optimal method chosen for training a Gradient Boosting Tree (GBT) classifier. The model’s performance was evaluated in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and ROC AUC. Results: The best-performing GBT model achieved a balanced accuracy of 88%, with a ROC AUC of 0.92, a sensitivity of 0.88, and a specificity of 0.91. This demonstrates the model’s high predictive power in identifying patients at risk for cerebrovascular events. Conclusions: The proposed method effectively combines CFD, structural analysis, and ML to predict cerebrovascular event risk in patients with carotid artery disease. By providing clinicians with a tool for better risk assessment, this approach has the potential to significantly enhance clinical decision-making and patient outcomes.

Reconstruction of deep and perforating corneal defects in dogs-A review (Part I/III): Autogenous ocular tissues, donor tissues, and corneal clarity scoring.

Corneal reconstruction is a key part of veterinary ophthalmic practice and numerous reconstructive techniques have been described for use in small animals in the peer-reviewed veterinary literature written in English. Despite the evidence accrued over the last six decades in over 40 clinical articles and numerous other publications on ocular surface health, several key areas require further study. The comparison between studies is difficult due to elements that go beyond common factors, such as the indication for surgery, the reconstructive technique preferred by the surgeon or the availability of reconstructive materials. However, the differences in reporting style adopted by different authors between similar studies and the lack of data found in retrospective studies add to this complexity. The present review is divided into three parts. One covers the use of autologous materials for reconstruction and corneal transplants, as well as corneal clarity. A second part focuses on biomaterials and keratoprosthetics, while the third part focuses on the use of corneal sutures and report of ocular discomfort/pain in the veterinary literature. The review focuses on the main findings of each reconstruction technique. It aims to identify areas where key information about common procedures is missing so that general guidelines may be provided for the planning of patient record keeping and future retrospective or prospective studies, while it also aims to highlight the presence of knowledge gaps that deserve further attention.

Three-dimensional reconstruction of laser-direct-drive inertial confinement fusion hot-spot plasma from x-ray diagnostics on the OMEGA laser facility (invited).

A deep-learning convolutional neural network (CNN) is used to infer, from x-ray images along multiple lines of sight, the low-mode shape of the hot-spot emission of deuterium-tritium (DT) laser-direct-drive cryogenic implosions on OMEGA. The motivation of this approach is to develop a physics-informed 3-D reconstruction technique that can be performed within minutes to facilitate the use of the results to inform changes to the initial target and laser conditions for the subsequent implosion. The CNN is trained on a 3D radiation-hydrodynamic simulation database to relate 2D x-ray images to 3D emissivity at stagnation. The CNN accounts for the lack of an absolute spatial reference and the different bands of photon energies in the x-ray images. While previous work [O. M. Mannion etal., Phys. Plasmas 28, 042701 (2021) and A. Lees etal., Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 105001 (2021)] studied the effect of mode-1 asymmetries on implosion performance using nuclear diagnostics, this work focuses on the effect of mode 2 inferred from x-ray diagnostics on implosion performance. A current analysis of 19 DT cryogenic implosions indicates there is an upper limit of ∼20% reduction in the neutron yield caused by an ℓ = 2 amplitude for ℓ2/ℓ0 ≤ 0.32. These conclusions are supported by 2D simulations.

Reconstructing inflationary potential from NANOGrav 15-year Data: A robust study using Non-Bunch Davies initial condition

We discuss the theoretical framework behind reconstruction of a generic class of inflationary potentials for canonical single-field slow-roll inflation in a model-independent fashion. The Non-Bunch Davies (NBD) initial condition is an essential choice to determine the structure of potential and to accommodate the blue-tilted tensor power spectrum feature recently observed in NANOGrav. Using the reconstruction technique we found the favoured parameter space which supports blue tilted tensor power spectrum. The validity of the EFT prescription in inflation is also maintained through the use of a new field excursion formula while keeping the necessary and sufficient conditions on the sub-Planckian field values in check. We find that the reconstructed potential display inflection point behaviour, which has deeper connection with high energy physics.